Microbial Metabolite Standards

Oxyphenbutazone (monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxyphenbutazone (monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is a Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230) metabolite, with anti-inflammatory effect. Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is an orally active non-selective COX inhibitor. Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate selectively kills non-replicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis.

Butylate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Butylate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Butylate is a compound involved in platelet research. Platelet activation can cause autophagy, which is partly mediated by the AMPK-MTOR pathway and is related to sphingolipid metabolism. Butylate mentioned in the study may be a tool or control substance for studying related metabolic processes.

Anilazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Anilazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Anilazine is a fungicide and inhibit the growth of Rhizobium sp. and E. coli. Anilazine inhibits glucose oxidation and succinate oxidation and also inhibits in vitro succinic dehydrogenase activity.

Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.

2-Carboxybenzaldehyde (Standard) (Phthalaldehydic acid (Standard)) is the analytical standard of 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde (HY-Y1771). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde (Phthalaldehydic acid) is a key intermediate metabolite in the biodegradation process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and also a specific substrate for CBA reductase and NAD-dependent 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase. 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde undergoes regioselective reduction via CBA reductase in mammalian tissues to produce 2-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde is converted to phthalic acid by NAD-dependent dehydrogenase during bacterial degradation. 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde can be used in relevant research in fields such as organic synthesis.

NSC 16590 (Standard) is the analytical standard of NSC 16590. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NSC 16590 inhibits the production of endogenous ethylene in the cotyledonary segments of cocklebur.

2-Naphthol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Naphthol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Naphthol is a metabolite of naphthalene, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2A1, CYP 2E1 and CYP 2F2).

D-Histidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Histidine (HY-W012572). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Histidine is an anti-biofilm agent that targets bacterial quorum sensing systems (such as RhlI/RhlR pathway) and has antibacterial activity. D-Histidine works by non-covalently binding to bacterial regulatory factors or copper ion complexes, selectively inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and motility. D-Histidine downregulates quorum sensing-related gene expression, reduces the synthesis of virulence factors (such as alginate and proteases), and interferes with bacterial membrane stability, inhibiting biofilm formation, promoting the disintegration of mature biofilms, and enhancing antibiotic sensitivity. D-Histidine is also an efficient catalyst for the salt-induced peptide formation (SIPF) reaction, which promotes the condensation of amino acids to form dipeptides (such as dialanine and dilysine) by forming a complex with copper ions (Cu²⁺).

1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (HY-W010451). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm.

Undecane (Standard) is an analytical standard of Undecane (HY-N8593).Undecane is a potent cAMP agonist with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Undecane inhibits degranulation and the secretion of histamine and TNF-α. Undecane reverses the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Undecane can be used for the study of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis.

α-Humulene (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Humulene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Humulene is a main constituent of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with anti-inflammation (IC50=15±2 μg/mL). α-Humulene inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression.

Virginiamycin M1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Virginiamycin M1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Virginiamycin M1 (Pristinamycin IIA; Ostreogrycin A), produced by?Streptomyces virginiae, is an polyunsaturated macrocyclic lactone antibiotic and acts as a component of Virginiamycin (HY-112665). Virginiamycin M1 alone is against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 0.25 μg/mL.

DL-Threonine (Standard) is the analytical standard of DL-Threonine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DL-Threonine, an essential amino acid, is a precursor of Glycine (HY-Y0966). DL-Threonine has the potential for the study of hypostatic leg ulceration.

Benzoin (Standard) (DL-Benzoin (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Benzoin (HY-B1550). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzoin (DL-Benzoin), a natural balsamic resin, is a PI3Kα inhibitor with anticancer effects. Benzoin inihits the growth of colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). Benzoin can be used as a food additive.

Sisomicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sisomicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sisomicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. Sisomicin is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria.

Bekanamycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bekanamycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bekanamycin (Kanamycin B) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus, against an array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strain.

Gentamicin C1a (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gentamicin C1a. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gentamicin C1a is the precursor of the semi-synthetic antibiotic Etimicin, and has antibacterial activity. Gentamicin C1a is the major component of the Gentamicin complex.

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-D-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.

N,N',N''-Triacetylchitotriose (Standard) is the analytical standard of N,N',N''-Triacetylchitotriose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N,N',N''-Triacetylchitotriose is a competitive inhibitor of lysozyme.

Lincomycin (U-10149) (Standard) is the analytical reference standard of Lincomycin (HY-117660). This product is used for research and analytical applications. Lincomycin is an orally active lincosamide antibiotic. Lincomycin binds to the ribosomes of Gram-positive bacteria to inhibit protein synthesis. Lincomycin can inhibit chloroplast translation, disrupt chloroplast integrity, and activate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Lincomycin induces alterations in lipid profiles and liver injury, disrupts blood glucose and insulin levels, and increases growth rate in mice.