Trovafloxacin mesylate
Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Trovafloxacin mesylate is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin mesylate blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin mesylate is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin mesylate does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin mesylate leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.76%
- CAS No.: 147059-75-4
- Formula: C21H19F3N4O6S
- Molecular Weight:512.46
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Storage:
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Trovafloxacin mesylate
More- Nat Neurosci. 2024 Aug;27(8):1522-1533. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Dec;15(12):6382-6398. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Nov 15:307:119433. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Sci. 2025 Nov;18(11):e70400. [Abstract]
- Biotechnol Bioeng. 2021 Dec;118(12):4687-4698. [Abstract]
- J Gen Physiol. 2025 Jan 6;157(1):e202413676. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 Nov 06.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
All Topoisomerase Isoforms
MoreAll Antibiotic Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Quinolone |
Trovafloxacin (20 μM; 24 hours; HepG2 cells) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF; 4 ng/mL) incubation induces apoptosis and increases leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in HepG2 cells[1].
Trovafloxacin (20 μM; 24 hours; HepG2 cells) and TNF (4 ng/mL) incubation increases expression of early NF-κB-related factors A20 and IκBα[1].
Trovafloxacin prolongs TNF-induced activation of MAPKs and IKKα/β activation in HepG2[1].
Trovafloxacin is a potent inhibitor of TO-PRO-3 uptake by apoptotic cells. Trovafloxacin also inhibits ATP release from apoptotic cells. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit caspase 3/7 activation, or caspase-mediated PANX1 cleavage during apoptosis[2].
Trovafloxacin is equally active against both penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci, with MICs of 0.06-0.25 mg/mL reported for more than 700 isolates. The MICs of Trovafloxacin at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for 55 isolates of pneumococci is 0.125 μg/mL[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cells
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Concentration:20 µM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Showed a gradual increase of Annexin V-staining and an increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 24 h.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cells
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Concentration:20 µM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Caused a higher increase in the transcription of A20 and IκBα in HepG2 cells.
Trovafloxacin, when administered in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF to mice induces severe liver toxicity associated with vast apoptotic areas in the liver, increased serum levels of alanine amino transferases (ALT) and pro-inflammatory cytokines[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male C57BL/6 J mice (9-11-week-old) injected with recombinant murine TNF ion[1]
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Dosage:150 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral administration; once
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Result:Showed a greater number of cells with increased nuclear/cytoplasmic p65 ratio in liver.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 147059-75-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 512.46
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Formula C21H19F3N4O6S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CN(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2F)C3=NC(N4C[C@@]5([H])[C@H](N)[C@@]5([H])C4)=C(F)C=C3C1=O)O.CS(=O)(O)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications (7)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Neurosci
Spatiotemporally selective astrocytic ATP dynamics encode injury information sensed by microglia following brain injury in mice. [Abstract]2024 Aug;27(8):1522-1533. PMID: 38862791 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
2025 Dec;15(12):6382-6398. PMID: 41477334
Trovafloxacin mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Dec;15(12):6382-6398. [Abstract]
Trovafloxacin (0-100 μM) showed cytotoxicity in SB-HEO, SB-HEO-DM, HepG2 cells, PHHs, and 2D HLCs in a dose-dependent manner.
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
PPARγ-responsive luciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of chemical toxins with potential pulmonary fibrosis effects. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15:307:119433. PMID: 41273832
Trovafloxacin mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Nov 15:307:119433. [Abstract]
Trovafloxacin (10, 20, 40, 80, 100 μM; 24 h) inhibited cell viability of A549 cells.
Trovafloxacin mesylate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Nov 15:307:119433. [Abstract]
Trovafloxacin (10, 20, 40, 80, 100 μM; 24 h)showed no significant differences in relative luciferase activity when compared with the control in A549 cells.
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Clin Transl Sci
Evaluation of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using a Liver-On-Chip Model. [Abstract]2025 Nov;18(11):e70400. PMID: 41222452 -
Biotechnol Bioeng
An integrated biomimetic array chip for establishment of collagen-based 3D primary human hepatocyte model for prediction of clinical drug-induced liver injury. [Abstract]2021 Dec;118(12):4687-4698. PMID: 34478150 -
J Gen Physiol
Distinct properties and activation of hexameric and heptameric Pannexin 1 channel concatemers. [Abstract]2025 Jan 6;157(1):e202413676. PMID: 39704698 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 116.67 mg/mL (227.67 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 20 mg/mL (39.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.06 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (640 KB)
- English - EN (640 KB)
- Français - FR (640 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (640 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (640 KB)
- Español - ES (640 KB)
- Swedish - SV (640 KB)
- Italian - IT (640 KB)
- Korean - KR (640 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (640 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Giustarini G, et al. The hepatotoxic fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin disturbs TNF- and LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Mar 15;391:114915. [Content Brief]
[2]. Poon IK, et al. Unexpected link between an antibiotic, pannexin channels and apoptosis. Nature. 2014 Mar 20;507(7492):329-34. [Content Brief]
[3]. Gootz TD, et al. Activity of the new fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae selected in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Dec;40(12):2691-7. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9514 mL | 9.7569 mL | 19.5137 mL | 48.7843 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3903 mL | 1.9514 mL | 3.9027 mL | 9.7569 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1951 mL | 0.9757 mL | 1.9514 mL | 4.8784 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1301 mL | 0.6505 mL | 1.3009 mL | 3.2523 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0976 mL | 0.4878 mL | 0.9757 mL | 2.4392 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0781 mL | 0.3903 mL | 0.7805 mL | 1.9514 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0650 mL | 0.3252 mL | 0.6505 mL | 1.6261 mL | |
| DMSO | 40 mM | 0.0488 mL | 0.2439 mL | 0.4878 mL | 1.2196 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0390 mL | 0.1951 mL | 0.3903 mL | 0.9757 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0325 mL | 0.1626 mL | 0.3252 mL | 0.8131 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0244 mL | 0.1220 mL | 0.2439 mL | 0.6098 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0195 mL | 0.0976 mL | 0.1951 mL | 0.4878 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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