Schisandraceae

Schisandrin A inhibits CYP3A activity with an IC₅₀ of 6.60 μM and K_i of 5.83 μM, respectively.

Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.

Schisantherin A is a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation.

Schisandrin (Schizandrin), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, is isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Schisandrin exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Schisandrin also can reverses memory impairment in rats.

Schisandrol B (Gomisin-A) is a major active constituent of Schisandra chinensis with hepato-protective effects. Schisandrol B inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Schisandrol B inhibits the activity of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A and also has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.

Gomisin N is an orally active lignan compound. Gomisin N can be isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Gomisin N induces Apoptosis in a variety of cells. Gomisin N activates AMPK, Akt, MAPK/ERK, Nrf2, caspase-3 and PARP-1. Gomisin N inhibits GSK3β, nitric oxide (NO), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Gomisin N has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenesis activities. Gomisin N has anti-tumor activity against cervical cancer and liver cancer. Gomisin N improves Alzheimer's disease.

Schisantherin B (Gomisin-B) is a lignan compound and one of the active components of Schisandra chinensis. Schisantherin B activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, restores the activity of GSK3β, and reduces the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal and cerebral cortical tissues. Schisantherin B upregulates the level of GLT-1, decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6, upregulates the expression of IL-10, and inhibits cell apoptosis. Schisantherin B is applicable to the research of spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and depression.

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol is a toxin metabolite, found in human consuming yew leaves.

Schisandrin C (Schizandrin-C) is a phytochemical lignan isolated from Schizandra chinensis. Schisandrin C has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Schisandrin C can be used for cancer, alzheimer’s disease, and liver diseases research. Schisandrin C induces cell apoptosis.

Macelignan ((+)-Anwulignan; Anwuligan)?is an orally active lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans. Macelignan possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and neuroprotective activities.

Schisanhenol (Schizanhenol), a lignan, is an orally active antioxidant. Schisanhenol reduces AChE activity, increases SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, and decreases phosphorylated Tau (Ser 396) levels. Schisanhenol increases SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and inhibits UGT2B7 activitY. Schisanhenol attenuates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Schisanhenol inhibits LDL oxidation, brain mitochondrial and membrane peroxidative damage, and brain mitochondrial swelling and disintegration. Schisanhenol can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, brain ischemia, and age-related brain deterioration.

Gomisin D is an orally active lignan that binds to PDGFRβ with a K_d of 10 μM. By targeting PDGFRβ to regulate signaling pathways, Gomisin D inhibits the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and promotes their apoptosis, thereby ameliorating hepatic fibrosis. Gomisin D exhibits multiple activities such as photoprotection, antimelanogenesis, antioxidant effects, and hypoglycemic activity. Gomisin D can be used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic fibrosis.

Angeloylgomisin H, as a major lignin extract of Schisandra rubriflora, has the potential to improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by activating PPAR-γ.

Gomisin J is a Schisandra chinensis-derived lignan that can inhibit multiple targets such as eNOS, AMPK (LKB1, CaMKIIβ), fetuin-A, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, and can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Gomisin J increases NO bioavailability by activating eNOS, regulates lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK pathway, inhibits fetuin-A and NF-κB to exert anti-inflammatory effects, and activates Nrf2/HO-1 to enhance antioxidant capacity. Gomisin J has the activities of anti-hypertension, regulating liver lipid metabolism, and reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and can be used for research on hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, etc.

Schisantherin C exhibits anti-HBV activity with potency against HBsAg and HBeAg secretion by 59.7% and 34.7% at 50μg/mL.

Schisantherin D is a lignan. Schisantherin D can be isolated from Kadsura interior. Schisantherin D downregulates the expression of ETBR and inhibits the secretion of ECM and ET-1. Schisantherin D alleviates EtOH + ET-1-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Schisantherin D potently inhibits HIV replication in cells.

Chicanine is a lignan compound of Schisandra chinesis, inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2 and IκB-α, with anti-inflammatory activity.

Schisandrone, a 4-aryltetralone lignan, is isolated from the dried fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera. Schisandrone is an alpha-hemolysin (Hla) inhibitor that downregulates the transcript levels of hla, agrA and RNAIII. Hla is an integral virulence determinant in Staphylococcus aureus that determines pathogenicity. Schisandrone is a potent inhibitor against MRSA pneumonia.

Angeloylgomisin O, a lignin extract of Schisandra rubriflora. Anti-inflammatory properties.

Pregomisin is a natural compound isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baill. Pregomisin showed PAF antagonistic activity and the IC₅₀ values were 48 μM.