HIV
HIV-1 is an RNA retrovirus that infects immune cells through the envelope glycoprotein Env, whose mature gp120/gp41 trimer mediates viral entry into host cells[1]. Mechanistically, gp120 binds CD4 and then the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, while gp41 refolding brings viral and cellular membranes together for fusion[2][3]. After entry, viral replication depends on reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, making these enzymes core targets for antiretroviral research[4][5]. In disease relevance, untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and immunological abnormalities, increasing infectious and oncological complications[6]. Compared with related forms, HIV-1 remains the main focus because it is described as the most virulent and pathogenic subtype in diagnostic and treatment literature[7]. For experimental applications, entry inhibitors target gp120, gp41, CCR5, or CXCR4, while enzyme inhibitors target reverse transcriptase, protease, or integrase to suppress distinct stages of the HIV life cycle[4][8].
References:
- [1]. Anang S, et al. Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles. J Virol. 2025 Dec 23;99(12):e0158525. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Teixeira C, et al. Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr;46(4):979-92. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Princen K, et al. HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Dec;16(6):659-77. [Content Brief]
- [4]. De Clercq E. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.241. PMID: 15934866. et al. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Palmisano L. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. doi: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.67. PMID: 17266455. et al. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Deeks SG, et al. HIV infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 1;1:15035. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Zulfiqar HF, et al. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Greenberg M, et al. HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy. Rev Med Virol. 2004 Sep-Oct;14(5):321-37. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV Related Products (903)
Related Products (903)
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Lenacapavir (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111964RCAS No.: 2189684-44-2Synonyms: GS-6207 (Standard)Lenacapavir (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lenacapavir (HY-111964). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lenacapavir (GS-6207) is an HIV-1 capsid inhibitor. Lenacapavir binds to the interface between capsid hexamers and CA monomers, disrupts capsid assembly and viral maturation, inhibits nuclear translocation of HIV-1 DNA, interferes with CA-mediated protein-protein interactions, reduces the formation of 2-LTR circles and pre-integration proviruses, induces aberrant capsids, and decreases the production of mature HIV-1. Lenacapavir exhibits activity against a variety of HIV-1 subtypes and clinical isolates. Lenacapavir is applicable to research related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
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Elvitegravir-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-14740S2Synonyms: GS-9137-13C6 ; JTK-303-13C6 ; D06677-13C6Elvitegravir-13C6 (GS-9137-13C6) is 13C labeled Elvitegravir. Elvitegravir (GS-9137; JTK-303; D06677) is an HIV integrase inhibitor for HIV-1IIIB, HIV-2EHO and HIV-2ROD with IC50 of 0.7 nM, 2.8 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively.
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Saquinavir-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17007S2Synonyms: Ro 31-8959-13C6Saquinavir-13C6 (Ro 31-8959-13C6) is 13C labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
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HEPT
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10892CAS No.: 123027-56-5HEPT is a potent and selective anti-HIV-1 agent.
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Cobicistat (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: GS-9350 (Standard)Cobicistat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cobicistat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cobicistat is a potent and selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes with IC50s of 30-285 nM. Cobicistat is a pharmacokinetic enhancer which increases the overall absorption of several HIV medications.
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12-Methoxydodecanoic acid
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W787717CAS No.: 92169-28-312-Methoxydodecanoic acid, a heteroatom-containing analog of myristic acid, possesses anti-viral activity against HIV, with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. 12-Methoxydodecanoic acid inhibits moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV).
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Rilpivirine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: R278474 (Standard); TMC278 (Standard); DB08864 (Standard)Rilpivirine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rilpivirine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rilpivirine (R278474) is a potent and specific diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Rilpivirine has high antiviral activity against wild-type HIV (EC50=0.4 nM) and mutant viruses (EC50=0.1-2.0 nM). Rilpivirine has a high genetic barrier to resistance development of HIV.
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GSK163929
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-12944CAS No.: 716354-04-0GSK163929 (compound 122) is an orally active, anti-HIV CCR5 antagonist with low inhibitory potency against hEGR. GSK163929 had no adverse effects in rats at 2000 mg/kg/day (i.v., 7 d) and in dogs at 250 mg/kg/day (i.v., 7 d).
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Dexelvucitabine (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-14920RCAS No.: 134379-77-4Synonyms: Reverset (Standard); d-d4FC (Standard)Dexelvucitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dexelvucitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dexelvucitabine (Reverset; d-d4FC), a Cytidine (HY-B0158) analog, is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Dexelvucitabine is a powerful agent against HIV-1-resistant viruses containing a thymidine analog and/or M184V mutation in the viral polymerase. Dexelvucitabine is a 2′-Deoxycytidine antiretroviral agent.
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rac-TNT-i
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-157469ASynonyms: rac-NPD3064rac-TNT-i (rac-NPD3064) is the racomer of TNT-i (HY-157469). TNT-i is an inhibitor targeting M-Sec. TNT-i reversibly inhibits the formation of tunnel nanotubes (TNT) induced by M-Sec. TNT-i can reduce the production of wild-type HIV-1 in macrophages and T cells expressing M-Sec. TNT-i has low cytotoxicity towards macrophages and T cells. TNT-i can be used in studies related to HIV-1 infection.
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Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0%
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W009722ACAS No.: 20624-25-3Synonyms: Ditiocarb sodium trihydrate, ACS, 99.0%Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% (Ditiocarb sodium trihydrate, ACS, 99.0%) is a copper reagent. The reaction with Cu2+ solution resulted in the formation of a complex, which increased the copper displacement precipitation rate. Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% can reduce HIV infection and can be used in adjuvant immune research of high-risk breast cancer.
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Nonoxynol-9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W587782CAS No.: 14409-72-4
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Cholesterol heptanoic acid
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17671CAS No.: 103003-24-3Cholesterol heptanoic acid is a lipophilic Cholesterol (HY-N0322) derivative. Cholesterol heptanoic acid can combine with peptides (such as peptides P1 and P2) to form lipopeptides, which possess antiviral activity. Cholesterol heptanoic acid can be used for research of HIV infection.
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Plerixafor (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: AMD 3100 (Standard); JM3100 (Standard); SID791 (Standard)Plerixafor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Plerixafor. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Plerixafor (AMD 3100) is a selective CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 44 nM. Plerixafor, an immunostimulant and a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer, is an allosteric agonist of CXCR7. Plerixafor inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication with an EC50 of 1-10 nM.
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gp120-IN-3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-164675CAS No.: 869474-87-3gp120-IN-3 (Compound 11) is a HIV-1 gp120 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.64 nM, which can be utilized in HIV research.
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Tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: GS-7340 hemifumarate (Standard)Tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (GS-7340 hemifumarate) is an investigational oral proagent of Tenofovir. Tenofovir is a HIV-1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
