2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-17589A
    Chloroquine
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
  • HY-D1056
    Lipopolysaccharides
    		Activator
    Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is an endotoxin derived from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consists of an antigen O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides is a pathogenic associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates the immune system. Lipopolysaccharides activates TLR-4 on immune cells. This product is derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5. Lipopolysaccharides induces secretion of cell migrasome.
  • HY-11109
    Resatorvid
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Resatorvid (TAK-242) is a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor. Resatorvid inhibits NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production with IC50s of 1.8 nM, 1.9 nM and 1.3 nM, respectively. Resatorvid downregulates expression of TLR4 downstream signaling molecules MyD88 and TRIF. Resatorvid inhibits autophagy and plays pivotal role in various inflammatory diseases.
  • HY-13740
    Resiquimod
    		Agonist 99.95%
    Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) agonist that induces the upregulation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α.
  • HY-107202
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
    		Antagonist 99.40%
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid presents in some viruses, and is therefore commonly used to model the actions of extracellular dsRNA.
  • HY-153808
    Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)
    Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen by its discoverer Jules T. Freund to enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce persistent inflammatory pain models in mice, experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) models, and more. Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (HY-153808A) is another type of Freund's Adjuvant that stimulates a weaker immune response.
  • HY-12756A
    E6446 dihydrochloride
    		Antagonist 99.96%
    E6446 dihydrochloride is a potent and orally acitve TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist, used in the research of deleterious inflammatory responses.
  • HY-135748A
    Poly (I:C):Kanamycin (1:1) (sodium)
    		Agonist
    Poly (I:C):Kanamycin (1:1) sodium is an isometric complex of Poly (I:C) (HY-135748) and Kanamycin (HY-16566). Poly(I:C) sodium, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, is a TLR3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I receptor (RIG-I and b>MDA5) agonist. Poly(I:C) sodium can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Kanamycin is an orally active antibacterial agent (Gram-negative/positive bacteria) that inhibits translocation and causes miscoding by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit. Kanamycin shows good inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (susceptible and drug-resistant) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and can be used in the research of tuberculosis and pneumonia.
  • HY-17589
    Chloroquine phosphate
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Chloroquine phosphate is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine phosphate is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine phosphate is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
  • HY-100461
    C29
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    C29 is a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) inhibitor. C29 blocks hTLR2/1 and hTLR2/6 signaling with IC50s of 19.7 and 37.6 μM, respectively.
  • HY-B0180
    Imiquimod
    		Agonist 99.96%
    Imiquimod (R 837), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
  • HY-B1370
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ sulfate) is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
  • HY-W031727
    Hydroxychloroquine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
  • HY-134581
    Enpatoran
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Enpatoran (M5049) is a potent, orally active and dual TLR7/8 inhibitor with IC50s of 11.1 nM and 24.1 nM in HEK293 cells, respectively. Enpatoran is inactive against TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Enpatoran can block molecule synthetic ligands and natural endogenous RNA ligands. Enpatoran exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Enpatoran can be used for both innate and adaptive autoimmunity blocking research .
  • HY-P1180A
    Pam3CSK4 TFA
    		Agonist 99.66%
    Pam3CSK4 TFA is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.
  • HY-129522
    Sulfo-ara-F-NMN
    		Activator 99.36%
    Sulfo-ara-F-NMN (CZ-48) is a mimetic of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN acts selectively, activating SARM1 but inhibiting CD38 (IC50 around 10 μM). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN induces intracellular cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) production.
  • HY-B0180A
    Imiquimod hydrochloride
    		Agonist 99.80%
    Imiquimod hydrochloride (R 837 hydrochloride), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod hydrochloride exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod hydrochloride can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
  • HY-108473
    CU-CPT 4a
    		Inhibitor 98.91%
    CU-CPT 4a (TLR3-IN-1) is a potent, highly selective TLR3 signaling inhibitor. CU-CPT 4a represses the expression of downstream signaling pathways mediated by the TLR3/dsRNA complex, including TNF-α and IL-1β.
  • HY-146245
    ODN 1826
    		Agonist 99.76%
    ODN 1826, a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. CpG ODN 1826 is an excellent immunostimulator that induces NO and iNOS production in the murine model. CpG ODN 1826 enhances cell apoptosis. ODN 1826 sequence: 5’-tccatgacgttcctgacgtt-3’.
  • HY-109104
    Telratolimod
    		Agonist 98.98%
    Telratolimod (MEDI9197) is a potent toll like receptors 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist, with antitumor activity.
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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