AFM32a hydrochloride
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
AFM32a (PAD2-IN-1) hydrochloride, a benzimidazole-based derivative, is a potent and selective protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) inhibitor. AFM32a hydrochloride shows superior selectivity for PAD2 over PAD4 (95-fold) and PAD3 (79-fold).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.37%
- CAS No.: 2988594-85-8
- Formula: C25H30ClFN6O3
- Molecular Weight:517.00
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) AFM32a hydrochloride
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Biological Activity
Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2)[1]
In the target engagement assay, the EC 50 of AFM32a (compound 32a) hydrochloride is 8.3 μM in HEK293T/PAD2 cells, the enhanced potency of AFM32a overcomes its relatively poor ability to enter cells[1].
AFM32a (compound 32a; 1-25 μM) hydrochloride treatment strongly inhibits histone H3 citrullination with an EC 50 of 2.7 μM in HEK293T/PAD2 cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2988594-85-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 517.00
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Formula C25H30ClFN6O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CC=CC(CN2)=C1C2=O)N[C@H](C3=NC4=C(OCC)C=CC=C4N3C)CCCNC(CF)=N.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
PAD2-IN-1 hydrochloride
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit A (SDHA) Mediated Microglia Extracellular Traps Formation Participating in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2025 Aug 20:e11873. PMID: 40832885 -
Front Immunol
Interaction Between Macrophage Extracellular Traps and Colon Cancer Cells Promotes Colon Cancer Invasion and Correlates With Unfavorable Prognosis. [Abstract]2021 Dec 1:12:779325. PMID: 34925357
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (193.42 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.84 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.84 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (24.18 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9342 mL | 9.6712 mL | 19.3424 mL | 48.3559 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3868 mL | 1.9342 mL | 3.8685 mL | 9.6712 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1934 mL | 0.9671 mL | 1.9342 mL | 4.8356 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1289 mL | 0.6447 mL | 1.2895 mL | 3.2237 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0967 mL | 0.4836 mL | 0.9671 mL | 2.4178 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0774 mL | 0.3868 mL | 0.7737 mL | 1.9342 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0645 mL | 0.3224 mL | 0.6447 mL | 1.6119 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0484 mL | 0.2418 mL | 0.4836 mL | 1.2089 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0387 mL | 0.1934 mL | 0.3868 mL | 0.9671 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0322 mL | 0.1612 mL | 0.3224 mL | 0.8059 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0242 mL | 0.1209 mL | 0.2418 mL | 0.6044 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0193 mL | 0.0967 mL | 0.1934 mL | 0.4836 mL |
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