Cat. No.: HY-101165

Cyclothiazide

Name: Cyclothiazide
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-101165
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Cyclothiazide is a positive allosteric modulator of ionotropic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Cyclothiazide inhibits GABA_A receptors. Cyclothiazide is frequently used to produce a fast inhibition of AMPA receptor desensitization and a much slower potentiation of the AMPA current. Cyclothiazide can potentiate responses to kainate in hippocampal neurons. Cyclothiazide has effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission. Cyclothiazide also induces epileptiform EEG activity accompanying behavioral seizures.

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Pureté: 99.36%
CAS No.: 2259-96-3
Formule: C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₄S₂
Masse moléculaire:389.88

Stockage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Cyclothiazide Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2259-96-3

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

AMPA Receptor

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform iGluR :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at human recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Activity at human recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	13.7 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at human recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Activity at human recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	19.8 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at human recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Activity at human recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	2.24 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at human recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Activity at human recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	3.8 μM Compound: 2 (cyclothiazide)	Tested for potentiation towards human iGluR4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells Tested for potentiation towards human iGluR4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 11087558]
HEK293	EC₅₀	3.91 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at human recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Activity at human recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on glutamate-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	3800 nM Compound: 2, cyclothiazide	Activity against human GLUR4 flip expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as glutamate-stimulated calcium influx by FLIPR assay Activity against human GLUR4 flip expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as glutamate-stimulated calcium influx by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 16879964]
HEK293	EC₅₀	7.6 μM Compound: cyclothiazide	Agonist activity at human GluA2(Q)i expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as enhancement of glutamate-evoked desensitized current by whole cell patch clamp method Agonist activity at human GluA2(Q)i expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as enhancement of glutamate-evoked desensitized current by whole cell patch clamp method	[PMID: 26653877]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	>76 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current Activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	>91 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current Activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	10 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP assessed as effect on 10 uM glutamate-induced current by voltage-clamp electrophysiological assay Activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP assessed as effect on 10 uM glutamate-induced current by voltage-clamp electrophysiological assay	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	2 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP assessed as effect on 10 uM glutamate-induced current by voltage-clamp electrophysiological assay Activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP assessed as effect on 10 uM glutamate-induced current by voltage-clamp electrophysiological assay	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	5 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current Activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	5.9 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current Activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	6.6 μM Compound: CTZ, Cyclothiazide	Activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current Activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on 300 uM glutamate-induced current	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	7.1 μM Compound: 2	Activity at Wistar rat cortex AMPA receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as effect on (S)-AMPA-induced current Activity at Wistar rat cortex AMPA receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as effect on (S)-AMPA-induced current	[PMID: 17552506]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	7.6 μM Compound: Cyclothiazide	Agonist activity at rat flip iGluR2(Q) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by whole cell patch-clamp method Agonist activity at rat flip iGluR2(Q) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by whole cell patch-clamp method	[PMID: 18811139]

In Vitro

Clyclothiazide (Compound CTZ) (0-1000 μM, 4 s) greatly potentiates AMPA currents dose-dependently and increases the peak AMPA currents by 90-fold at 100 μM (EC₅₀ = 28 μM) in GluR1-HEK cells^[1].
Clyclothiazide (100 μM, 0-150 s) inhibits the desensitization in GluR1-HEK cells much faster^[1].
Clyclothiazide (30 μM) produces marked and reversible potentiation of responses to kainate in rodent neuron patches^[2].
Clyclothiazide (100 μM) produces a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for kainate and reveals a decrease in the EC₅₀ for kainate in rodent neuron patches^[2].
Clyclothiazide (100 μM, 240 sec) completely blocks the desensitization evoked by 3 mM kainate in rodent neuron patches^[2].
Clyclothiazide (100 μM, 3 min) strongly potentiates the AMPA receptor responses as well as responses to glutamate but to a smaller extent in xenopus oocytes^[3].
Clyclothiazide (100 μM) exerts rapid desensitizing responses to glutamate through subunit-modulation in HEK293 cells^[3].
Clyclothiazide (5 μM, 48 h) results in abnormal synchronized bursting activities, with high-frequency action potentials overlaying large depolarizing shifts as well as long-term changes of the neural network properties in rodent hippocampal neurons^[4].
Clyclothiazide (20-50 μM, 1-2 h) is able to elicit epileptiform activities activities within short-term at high concentrations in rodent hippocampal neurons^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Clyclothiazide (Compound CTZ) (1 M, i.c.v., single dose) results in spontaneous recurrent epileptiform bursts in urethane-anaesthetized rats^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2259-96-3
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 389.88
Formule C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₄S₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=S(C1=C(Cl)C=C(C2=C1)NC(C3C(C4)C=CC4C3)NS2(=O)=O)(N)=O
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Res

2026 Mar 16.
Sci Adv

Distinct transmission sites within a synapse for strengthening and homeostasis. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 11;11(15):eads5750. PMID: 40215296

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (256.49 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.5649 mL

12.8245 mL

25.6489 mL

5 mM

0.5130 mL

2.5649 mL

5.1298 mL

10 mM

0.2565 mL

1.2824 mL

2.5649 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.41 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.41 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.41 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (291 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
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- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Fucile S, et al. Effects of cyclothiazide on GluR1/AMPA receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(8):2943-2947. [Content Brief]

[2]. Patneau, D. K., et al., (1993). Hippocampal neurons exhibit cyclothiazide-sensitive rapidly desensitizing responses to kainate. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 13(8), 3496–3509. [Content Brief]

[3]. Partin, K. M., et al., (1993). Selective modulation of desensitization at AMPA versus kainate receptors by cyclothiazide and concanavalin A. Neuron, 11(6), 1069–1082. [Content Brief]

[4]. Qi, J., et al., (2006). Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. The Journal of physiology, 571(Pt 3), 605–618. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.5649 mL	12.8245 mL	25.6489 mL	64.1223 mL
	5 mM	0.5130 mL	2.5649 mL	5.1298 mL	12.8245 mL
	10 mM	0.2565 mL	1.2824 mL	2.5649 mL	6.4122 mL
	15 mM	0.1710 mL	0.8550 mL	1.7099 mL	4.2748 mL
	20 mM	0.1282 mL	0.6412 mL	1.2824 mL	3.2061 mL
	25 mM	0.1026 mL	0.5130 mL	1.0260 mL	2.5649 mL
	30 mM	0.0855 mL	0.4275 mL	0.8550 mL	2.1374 mL
	40 mM	0.0641 mL	0.3206 mL	0.6412 mL	1.6031 mL
	50 mM	0.0513 mL	0.2565 mL	0.5130 mL	1.2824 mL
	60 mM	0.0427 mL	0.2137 mL	0.4275 mL	1.0687 mL
	80 mM	0.0321 mL	0.1603 mL	0.3206 mL	0.8015 mL
	100 mM	0.0256 mL	0.1282 mL	0.2565 mL	0.6412 mL

Bioz

Keywords

Cyclothiazide

2 Cited Publications

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Cyclothiazide

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Cyclothiazide

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform iGluR