Cat. No.: HY-D1028

DiD perchlorate

38 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 38 publication(s) in Google Scholar

DiD is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins (Ex/Em = 633/665 nm).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 98.64%
CAS No.: 127274-91-3
Formula: C₆₁H₉₉ClN₂O₄
Molecular Weight:959.90

Storage:

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

DiD perchlorate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 127274-91-3

Size

Price

Stock

Quantity

Sample (0.1mg)

In-stock

(In Japan)

Apply Now

Get Quote Ask For Quote & Lead Time Consult sales personnel for more information Check price and availability Get Quote Ask For Quote & Lead Time Consult sales personnel for more information Check price and availability

Bulk Inquiry

Amount: USD 0.00

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Emission (Em)
- Excitation (Ex)
- Dyeing Example
Chemical Information
Publications (38)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

DiD is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins (Ex/Em = 633/665 nm)^[2].

In Vitro

Guidelines (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs).
1. Preparing Stain Solutions of DiD perchlorate
1.1 Prepare DMF, DMSO or ethanol stock solutions:
The stock solutions should be prepared in dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, or ethanol DMSO at 1-5 mM.
1.2 Prepare working solutions:
Dilute the stock solutions into a suitable buffer such as serum-free culture medium, HBSS or PBS to make 1-5 μM working solutions. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
Note: The final concentration of the working solution should be empirically determined for different cell types and/or experimental conditions.
2. Cell staining (Suspension cells)
2.1 Centrifuge at 1000 g at 4°C for 3-5 minutes and then discard the supernatant. Wash twice with PBS, 5 minutes each time. The cell density is 1×10⁶/mL.
2.2 Add 1 mL of DiD perchlorate working solution, and then incubate at room temperature for 5-30 minutes.
2.3 Centrifuge at 400 g at 4°C for 3-4 minutes and then discard the supernatant.
2.4 Wash twice with PBS, 5 minutes each time.
2.5 Resuspend cells with serum-free cell culture medium or PBS. Observation by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
3. Cell staining (Adherent cells)
3.1 Culture adherent cells on sterile coverslips.
3.2 Remove the coverslip from the medium and aspirate excess medium.
3.3 Add 100 μL of working solution, gently shake it to completely cover the cells, and then incubate at room temperature for 5-30 minutes.
3.4 Wash twice with medium, 5 minutes each time. Observation by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Two weeks after injection of stained cells, a single, bright, DiD perchlorate (DiD)-positive cells located between 15 to 40 μm from the endosteum is found. Results reveal a progressive appearance of cell clusters of decreased dye intensity, consistent with the partitioning of DiD perchlorate label on cell division^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Emission (Em)

665

Excitation (Ex)

633

Dyeing Example

Description: DiD perchlorate is a far-red fluorescent lipophilic cyanine dye, it can be used in intravital imaging.
Method: For extracellular vesicle (EVs) staining.
1. Purified extracellular vesicles suspended in PBS and incubate with DiD perchlorate (1 μM; 15 min), and by an additional wash to remove the free dye.
2. DiD perchlorate-labeled EVs are resuspended in PBS and injected intravenously into 6-week-old female hACE2 mice (C57BL/6) with 150 μg EV per mice.
3. The hACE2 mice are sacrificed at 24 h, 48 h,72 h and 96 h post injection.
4. The red fluorescence of the whole body is acquired by IVIS spectrum (Caliper Life Sciences).

Chemical Information

CAS No. 127274-91-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 959.90
Formula C₆₁H₉₉ClN₂O₄
Color Blue to dark blue
SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C2=C(C=CC=C2)C(C)(C)/C1=C\C=C\C=C\C3=[N+](C4=C(C=CC=C4)C3(C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.O=Cl(=O)([O-])=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Publications (38)

All Cell Imaging/StainingIn Vivo Imaging

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Amplifying antigen-induced cellular responses with proximity labelling. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;647(8089):506-516. PMID: 40931066

DiD perchlorate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2025 Nov;647(8089):506-516. [Abstract]

Primary macrophages were isolated as described above. After staining 4T1 cells with DID (MCE, HY-D1028) and macrophages with CFSE, cells were cultured with an effector-to-target ratio of 3:1 at 37 °C for 24 h. The phagocytosis effect was visualized by confocal imaging. 4T1 cells and macrophages were visualized by DiD dye (magenta) and CFSE dye (green).
Cancer Cell

Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 14;42(10):1729-1746.e8. PMID: 39303724

DiD perchlorate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2024 Oct 14;42(10):1729-1746.e8. [Abstract]

FITC-labeled butyrate translocated to the nucleus of CD8⁺ T cells after 6 h of co-culture, as determined by confocal microscopy. CD8⁺ T cells were stained using FITC-labeled butyrate (green), DiD perchlorate (red), and DAPI (blue).
Nat Commun

Autoantigen-loaded Polymeric Microparticles associate with B cells and promote tolerogenic antigen presentation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 23. PMID: 42337240
Nat Commun

Co-delivery of sorafenib and an FSP1 inhibitor triggers dual ferroptosis in tumor cells and immunosuppressive macrophages for enhanced immunotherapy in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 18;16(1):10096. PMID: 41253833

DiD perchlorate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 18;16(1):10096. [Abstract]

Fluorescence images of cellular uptake in Huh7, THLE3, PANC1, M2, M1, and CM after Sv@PM-M2p treatment (Scale bar = 100 μm), along with the quantification of red fluorescence intensity (n = 3 independent experiments). Sv@PM-M2p was labeled with DiD (red), the nuclei and cytoskeletons were stained with DAPI (blue) and Phalloidin (green), respectively.

DiD perchlorate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 18;16(1):10096. [Abstract]

Fluorescence images of cellular uptake in the Huh7 and M2 co-culture system after Sv@PM-M2p treatment (Scale bar = 100 μm), along with the quantification of red fluorescence intensity (n = 3 independent experiments). Sv@PM-M2p was labeled with DiD (red), the nuclei and cytoskeletons were stained with DAPI (blue) and Phalloidin (green), respectively.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Efferocytosis-Driven Polyamine Metabolism in Macrophages Enhances Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment after Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 21:e12508. PMID: 41271556
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Clinically Inspired Multimodal Treatment Using Induced Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promotes Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury through Microglial Modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 24:e08574. PMID: 40990055
Adv Sci (Weinh)

The GLP1R Agonist Semaglutide Inhibits Reactive Astrocytes and Enhances the Efficacy of Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy in Parkinson's Disease Mice. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 28:e17664. PMID: 40874950
Adv Sci (Weinh)

CircUGP2 Suppresses Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression via p53 Signaling Through Interacting With PURB to Regulate ADGRB1 Transcription and Sponging miR-3191-5p. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 9:e2402329. PMID: 39120980

DiD perchlorate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Aug 9:e2402329. [Abstract]

Fluorescence imaging was performed on subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice after being injected with DiD-labeled LNPs through the tail vein.
Chem Eng J

2026 Mar 24.
Chem Eng J

2025 Sep 9.
Chem Eng J

2025 Aug 1.
Chem Eng J

2024 Feb 16, 149761.
J Control Release

Anti-CLEC7A nanobody in situ engineering promotes amyloid-β oligomers clearance by CAR-microglia to alleviate Alzheimer's disease pathology in mice. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 10:392:114710. PMID: 41702507
J Control Release

IgM-functionalized biomimetic nanovaccine for immunological activation and bacterial toxin neutralization. [Abstract]

2025 May 11:383:113836. PMID: 40360045
J Control Release

Biofilm-camouflaged Prussian blue synergistic mitochondrial mass enhancement for Alzheimer's disease based on Cu2+ chelation and photothermal therapy. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 13:375:269-284. PMID: 39245418
J Control Release

Tagged extracellular vesicles with the RBD of the viral spike protein for delivery of antiviral agents against SARS-COV-2 infection. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 10:335:584-595. PMID: 34089793
Mater Today Bio

Ferritin-nanocaged aggregation-induced emission nanoaggregates for integrated sensitive detection and treatment of gastric cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 6:36:102769. PMID: 41567734
Acta Biomater

Multilayer lipid vesicles loaded with deoxyribonuclease 1 for the degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:212:738-753. PMID: 41513207
Adv Healthc Mater

Trans-Organ Early Intervention for Myocardial Infarction Based on Bone Marrow-Homing Biomimetic Nanomedicine. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 30:e01619. PMID: 41025748
Cell Death Dis

Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes gastric cancer immune escape by upregulating SQLE. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 14;16(1):17. PMID: 39809787
Small Methods

Osmolarity-Directed Encapsulation of Size-Tuned Nanoparticles into Red Blood Cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 12:e01437. PMID: 41388650
Int J Biol Macromol

Functional exosomes modified with chitosan effectively alleviate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 5;277(Pt 3):134495. PMID: 39111472
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Oleic Acid Integrated Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Enhanced Chemotherapeutic Delivery to the Bone Marrow. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 14. PMID: 41086391
Stem Cell Res Ther

Sea buckthorn-derived extracellular vesicles foster bone regeneration through aau-miR168-mediated pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 3;16(1):281. PMID: 40462231
Biomater Adv

Platelet membrane-based bionic nanocarrier-targeted delivery of desferrioxamine mitigates secondary neurological damage in intracerebral hemorrhage. [Abstract]

2026 Mar:180:214595. PMID: 41223662
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

Fighting periodontitis with a pH-triggered nanocoating: A sustained-release strategy for simvastatin delivery. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 15:260:115375. PMID: 41418367
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

In-situ growth of CeO2 on biofilms: Innovative nanoparticles for photothermal therapy & multi-pronged attack on Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:238:113887. PMID: 38581835
Pharmaceutics

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Potentiates mRNA-LNP Efficacy: Synergizing Oxidative Stress Mitigation with Innate Immune Modulation. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 19;18(2):259. PMID: 41755000
ACS Biomater Sci Eng

Targeting Synovial Macrophages with Astaxanthin-Loaded Liposomes for Antioxidant Treatment of Osteoarthritis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 11;10(11):7191-7205. PMID: 39413302
Int J Mol Sci

SLPI-Loaded Liposomes Targeting Kupffer Cells Modulate Macrophage Polarization and Mitigate Radiation-Induced Liver Damage. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 9;27(5):2517. PMID: 41828732
Discov Nano

Flash nanoprecipitation allows easy fabrication of pH-responsive acetalated dextran nanoparticles for intracellular release of payloads. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 4;19(1):4. PMID: 38175336
ACS Omega

Delivery of Monomethyl Auristatin E Using Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for B‑Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment. [Abstract]

2026 May 25;11(22):32321-32335. PMID: 42294239
J Pharm Sci

Microparticles incorporating dual apoptotic factors to inhibit anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 7:S0022-3549(24)00217-X. PMID: 38852674
ChemNanoMat

2025 Oct 28.
Brain Res

IL-1β-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit neuronal ferroptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage through the HSPA5/GPX4 axis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 31:149219. PMID: 39222871
J Vis Exp

Cell Patterning Using Magnetic-Archimedes Strategy. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 2:(204). PMID: 38372398
Res Sq

2024 Aug 29.
Research Square Preprint

2023 Aug 7.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (26.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.0418 mL

5.2089 mL

10.4178 mL

5 mM

0.2084 mL

1.0418 mL

2.0836 mL

10 mM

0.1042 mL

0.5209 mL

1.0418 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

Protocol

Animal Administration^[1]

1 to 5×10⁵ cells per mL HSPCs are stained with 5 μM DiD perchlorate (DiD) or 7.5 μM DiI in PBS without serum for 10 min at 37°C, washed once in PBS and immediately injected into the tail vein of recipient mice. Unless stated differently, each imaged CD45.2 mouse receive 8,000 to 15,000 labelled CD45.1 HSPCs together with 3 to 5×10⁵ CD45.2 supportive whole bone-marrow mononuclear cells to ensure survival^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (273 KB)
SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Gan WB, et al. Multicolor "DiOlistic" labeling of the nervous system using lipophilic dye combinations. Neuron. 2000 Aug;27(2):219-25. [Content Brief]

[2]. Kenji Yumoto, et al. A novel method for monitoring tumor dormancy using fluorescent dye DiD. Cytometry A. 2014 Jun; 85(6): 548–555. [Content Brief]

[3]. Meng Li, et al. In Vivo Tracking of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model with Fluorescent Lipophilic Membrane Dye. J Vis Exp. 2017; (128): 56273. [Content Brief]

[4]. Lo Celso C, et al. Live-animal tracking of individual haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in their niche. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.0418 mL	5.2089 mL	10.4178 mL	26.0444 mL
	5 mM	0.2084 mL	1.0418 mL	2.0836 mL	5.2089 mL
	10 mM	0.1042 mL	0.5209 mL	1.0418 mL	2.6044 mL
	15 mM	0.0695 mL	0.3473 mL	0.6945 mL	1.7363 mL
	20 mM	0.0521 mL	0.2604 mL	0.5209 mL	1.3022 mL
	25 mM	0.0417 mL	0.2084 mL	0.4167 mL	1.0418 mL

Keywords

DiD perchlorate

38 Cited Publications

100 mg Get Quote

Subscribe to the

MedChemExpress

Newsletter

Product Name:
Cat. No.:
Quantity:
MCE Japan Authorized Agent:

Product Name:
CAS No.:
Species:
Purity:
Quantity:

DiD perchlorate

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) DiD perchlorate

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (38)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

DiD perchlorate Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-D1028