Membrane Dyes

DiR is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins.

DiI is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins.

DiO is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins.

DiD is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins (Ex/Em = 633/665 nm).

PKH67 is a fluorescent cell binding dye with green fluorescence. PKH67 can stain the cell membrane and the Ex/Em is 490/502 nm. PKH67 is often used in combination with the non-specific red fluorescent dye PKH26 (Ex/Em=551/567 nm) to label cells, detect cell proliferation in vitro, and trace cells in vitro and in vivo.

Prodan is an environment-sensitive fluorescent probe used to investigate the polarity, fluidity, and structure of lipid membranes. Prodan exhibits environment-dependent excitation/emission wavelengths, with its wavelength range covering Ex = 360-410 nm and Em = 430-530 nm when in solvents, bound to DNA, located in lipid bilayers, or associated with proteins. Prodan can interact with the major groove of DNA, regions of lipid bilayers, and hydrophobic pockets of proteins. During phase transitions, Prodan localizes to different regions of the bilayer: the emission minimum is 430-440 nm in the gel phase, while it shifts to 480-500 nm in the liquid-crystalline phase or interdigitated gel phase. When bound to rigid hydrophobic sites of proteins, the emission peak of Prodan undergoes a blue shift and its fluorescence intensity increases.

DiOC5(3) (3,3′-Dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide) is a mitochondrial Fluorescent dye that alters membrane potential, and it also acts as an inhibitor of NADH-ubiquinone reductase (respiratory complex I). DiOC5(3) increases the NADH/NAD ratio and induces excessive production of ROS. DiOC5(3) induces Apoptosis. DiOC5(3) accumulates in the mitochondria of leukemia stem-like cells via organic anion-transporting polypeptides, specifically labels these cells, and inhibits their proliferation. DiOC5(3) enhances the cellular uptake of Hoechst 33342 (HY-15559), reduces Hoechst 33342-associated cytotoxicity, and improves the resolution of DNA content analysis by flow cytometry. DiOC5(3) shows no detectable fluorescence signal when excited in the 400-500 nm ultraviolet light range. DiOC5(3) is applicable to leukemia-related research.

IR-775 chloride is a cyanine dye with near-infrared absorption (Ex/Em = 775/795 nm). IR-775 chloride acts as a photosensitizer or photothermal agent, and induces apoptosis via generating ROS or exerting photothermal effects upon irradiation; its combination with 2-methoxyestradiol (HY-12033) inhibits SOD2 to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, and its liposomal encapsulation enables phytotherapy-photothermal therapy (PTT) synergy. IR-775 chloride is applicable for investigating PDT/PTT and near-infrared fluorescence imaging in ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

Dansyl chloride is a reagent that produces stable blue or blue-green fluorescent sulfonamide adducts in the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with primary amino groups, and is widely used for modified amino acids, protein sequencing and amino acid analysis.

TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasma membrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined.

CellTracker CM-DiI (CM-DiI) is a lipophilic fluorochrome that can be used for tracking the migration of lymphocytes. CellTracker CM-DiI is feasible to detect labeled cells in histological sections (excitation 553 nm; emission 570 nm).

Di-8-ANEPPS is a naphthylstyryl voltage-sensitive dye, shifting both their fluorescence excitation and emission spectra upon changes in V_m .

Octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride is an amphiphilic fluorescent probe with both membrane-binding ability and fluorescent properties, which easily forms aggregates in aqueous phase leading to self-quenching. Octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride can be used for cell membrane staining and further applied in membrane biology research. The maximum absorption/emission wavelengths of Octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride monomer in Triton X-100 are 565 nm/585 nm; the absorption peaks of aggregates in water are blue-shifted to 524 nm and 574 nm, with significantly quenched fluorescence.

Di-4-ANEPPS is a voltage-sensitive dye that acts on voltage-gated ion channels (such as sodium channels) and inhibits sodium current, significantly reducing sodium current density, although specific values like IC₅₀ remain unclear. It mainly binds to the voltage-sensitive regions on the cell membrane, changing its fluorescence properties to reflect membrane potential changes and thus affecting the function of ion channels to exert its activity. This substance can be used in cardiovascular research, such as the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes, myocardial ischemia, and the effects of drugs on cardiomyocytes. It is of great value in evaluating drug cardiotoxicity and exploring the mechanisms of arrhythmias.

5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein is an amphipathic (amphoteric) fluorescent probe (Ex/Em = 485 nm/515-535 nm), which consists of a hydrophilic fluorescein core and a hydrophobic dodecanoyl group (C12 fatty acid chain) linked by an amide bond. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein is mainly used as an interface-localized radical trapping/indicator probe. Dodecanoylaminofluorescein can be used for the determination of the antioxidant properties of emulsions, or can serve as a lipophilic drug model for the study of passive skin penetration when encapsulated in tyrosine-derived nanospheres.

Merocyanin 540 is a fluorescent membrane probe that selectively stains the membranes of a wide variety of electrically excitable cells, but not those of nonexcitable cells (Ex/Em: 540/580 nm).

ANTS is a fluorescent dye (Excitation wavelength: 380 nm; Emission wavelength: 520 nm). ANTS and DPX are encapsulated in liposomes can be an effective approach for measuring membrane leakage.

4-Di-10-ASP is a fluorescent lipophilic tracer (Excitation 485 nm; Emission 620 nm). 4-Di-10-ASP can be used to stain phospholipid membranes in a specific manner.

DiIC16(3) is a long-chain carbocyanine dye. Carbocyanine dyes are widely used as Di to label cells, organelles, liposomes, viruses and lipoproteins.

FM1-84 (Neurodye GH1-84) is a fluorescent dye. FM1-84 has lipophilic and facilitates association with membranes, resulting in an increase in fluorescence intensity (λ_ex=510 nm, λ_em=625 nm). FM1-84 can be used for synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons research.