3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in the urine. The urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 97.0%
- CAS No.: 625-08-1
- Formula: C5H10O3
- Molecular Weight:118.13
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Storage:
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
The reduced activity of methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) leads to an elevated excretion of 3-methylcrotonic acid, the product of its hydration (3-hydroxyisovaleric acid: 3-HIA), and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, formed by conjugation with glycine[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 625-08-1
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.938 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 118.13
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Formula C5H10O3
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
CC(C)(O)CC(O)=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (846.53 mM)
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (423.26 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.16 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.16 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (271 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mock NI, et al. Increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and decreased urinary excretion of biotin are sensitive early indicators of decreased biotin status in experimental biotin deficiency. 1997 Apr;65(4):951-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Watanabe T, et al. Measurement of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in urine of biotin-deficient infants and mice by HPLC. J Nutr. 2005 Mar;135(3):615-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 8.4653 mL | 42.3263 mL | 84.6525 mL | 211.6313 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.6931 mL | 8.4653 mL | 16.9305 mL | 42.3263 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8465 mL | 4.2326 mL | 8.4653 mL | 21.1631 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5644 mL | 2.8218 mL | 5.6435 mL | 14.1088 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4233 mL | 2.1163 mL | 4.2326 mL | 10.5816 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3386 mL | 1.6931 mL | 3.3861 mL | 8.4653 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2822 mL | 1.4109 mL | 2.8218 mL | 7.0544 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2116 mL | 1.0582 mL | 2.1163 mL | 5.2908 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1693 mL | 0.8465 mL | 1.6931 mL | 4.2326 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1411 mL | 0.7054 mL | 1.4109 mL | 3.5272 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1058 mL | 0.5291 mL | 1.0582 mL | 2.6454 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0847 mL | 0.4233 mL | 0.8465 mL | 2.1163 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid Related Classifications
HY-113409 Related Classifications
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