IOX2
Based on 21 publication(s) in Google Scholar
IOX2, a chemical probe, is a specific prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) inhibitor with IC50 of 22 nM. IOX2 regulates platelet function and arterial thrombosis by upregulating HIF-1α expression and inhibiting ROS production. IOX2 can be used in the study of thrombotic diseases.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.02%
- CAS No.: 931398-72-0
- Formula: C19H16N2O5
- Molecular Weight:352.34
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) IOX2
More- Nat Commun. 2026 Feb 12;17(1):1214. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 May 4;13(1):2447. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Mar;15(3):1497-1513. [Abstract]
- EMBO J. 2025 May;44(9):2514-2540. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Nov 10;43(11):114915. [Abstract]
- Thromb Haemost. 2022 Oct;122(10):1693-1705. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 20. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 14;15(1):35804. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 27;12(1):1443. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2021 Aug 5:2021:9958281. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Res. 2026 Mar 31;31(1):693.
- J Virol. 2026 Apr 27:e0149525. [Abstract]
- ChemistrySelect. 2025 Mar 31.
- Mol Biol. 2026 Mar 10.
- Patent. US20250262229A1.
- Ghent University. 2024.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 19.
- Aging (Albany NY). 2021 May 20;13(10):14355-14371. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 4;2020:4909103. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20180263995A1.
- Hypoxia. 2016 Nov 8:4:147-159. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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WB
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RT-PCR
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Flow Cytometry
Biological Activity
IC50: 22 nM (PHD2)[2]
IOX2 (0, 10, 25, and 50 μM) dose-dependently inhibits collagen-related peptide (CRP; 0.25 μg/mL) or thrombin (0.03 U/mL)-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release. But IOX2 doesn’t affect P-selectin expression and the surface levels of glycoprotein (GP)Ibα, GPVI, or αIIbβ3[1].
IOX2 also inhibits the spreading of platelets on fibrinogen or collagen and clot retraction[1].
IOX2 (50 μM; 24 h) increases the transcription level of VEGF-A and BNIP3 in Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), when grown under normoxia and hypoxia condition[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Mouse[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection
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Result:Upregulated HIF-1α in platelets, decreased ROS generation, and downregulated NOX1 expression.
Increased the phosphorylation level of VASP (Ser157/239), and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), AKT (Thr308/Ser473), and PKCδ (Thr505) in CRP- or thrombin-stimulated platelets.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 931398-72-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 352.34
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Formula C19H16N2O5
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)CNC(C1=C(O)C2=C(N(CC3=CC=CC=C3)C1=O)C=CC=C2)=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (21)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
Human iPSC-based Modeling of Pulmonary Fibrosis Reveals p300/CBP Inhibition Suppresses Alveolar Transitional Cell State. [Abstract]2026 Feb 12;17(1):1214. PMID: 41680175 -
Nat Commun
Dual functions of microRNA-17 in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and protection against osteoarthritis. [Abstract]2022 May 4;13(1):2447. PMID: 35508470
IOX2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 May 4;13(1):2447. [Abstract]
Mouse articular chondrocytes were transfected with miR-17 inhibitor (100 nM) or inhibitor NC or miR-17 mimic (50 nM) or mimic NC and treated with or without IOX2 (20 μM) for 72 h. The protein levels of HIF-1α, SOX9, COL2A1 and MMP2 were determined by western blot.
IOX2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 May 4;13(1):2447. [Abstract]
Mouse articular chondrocytes were transfected with miR-17 inhibitor (100 nM) or inhibitor NC or miR-17 mimic (50 nM) or mimic NC and treated with or without IOX2 (20 μM) for 72 h. The gene expression of P3h3, Plod2, and Lox were determined by qRT-PCR.
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Acta Pharm Sin B
Ginsenoside CK targets PHD2 to prevent platelet adhesion and enhance blood circulation by modifying the three-dimensional arrangement of collagen. [Abstract]2025 Mar;15(3):1497-1513. PMID: 40370536 -
EMBO J
SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation of PPA2 enhances HIF-1alpha-dependent adaptation to hypoxic stress and colorectal cancer metastasis. [Abstract]2025 May;44(9):2514-2540. PMID: 40164945 -
Cell Rep
Metabolic disruption exacerbates intestinal damage during sleep deprivation by abolishing HIF1α-mediated repair. [Abstract]2024 Nov 10;43(11):114915. PMID: 39527478 -
Thromb Haemost
2022 Oct;122(10):1693-1705. PMID: 35477177 -
Sci Rep
Deciphering glutamine metabolic reprogramming: a novel therapeutic target ALDH18A1 in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jun 20. PMID: 42323345 -
Sci Rep
EGLN1 inhibition reverses angiogenesis impairment in hyperglycemia by activating autophagy. [Abstract]2025 Oct 14;15(1):35804. PMID: 41087486
IOX2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 14;15(1):35804. [Abstract]
Representative images and quantification of wound healing assay in HUVECs stimulated by high glucose combined with DMSO or IOX2 (50 μM) at 12 and 24 h.
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Sci Rep
Hypoxia-induced HIF1α activation regulates small extracellular vesicle release in human embryonic kidney cells. [Abstract]2022 Jan 27;12(1):1443. PMID: 35087095 -
Mediators Inflamm
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α in Macrophages, but Not in Neutrophils, Is Important for Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumosepsis. [Abstract]2021 Aug 5:2021:9958281. PMID: 34393650 -
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J Virol
PTBP1 is upregulated in response to Zika virus infection and restrains viral replication by hijacking viral NS1 protein to induce NS1 degradation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27:e0149525. PMID: 42037413 -
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Aging (Albany NY)
κ-opioid receptor stimulation alleviates rat vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via PFKFB3-lactate signaling. [Abstract]2021 May 20;13(10):14355-14371. PMID: 34016793 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation with Pyruvate Protects the Spinal Cord and Induces Autophagy via Regulating PHD2 in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2020 Jan 4;2020:4909103. PMID: 31998438
IOX2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 4;2020:4909103. [Abstract]
The result of CCK-8 showed 500 μM of IOX2 was cytotoxic in comparison to others.
IOX2 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 4;2020:4909103. [Abstract]
Flow cytometry displays the apoptosis rate is increased in the OGD/R group, while downregulated by pyruvate/IOX2.
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Hypoxia
2016 Nov 8:4:147-159. PMID: 27878135
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (70.95 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.10 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (479 KB)
- English - EN (479 KB)
- Français - FR (479 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (479 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (479 KB)
- Español - ES (479 KB)
- Swedish - SV (479 KB)
- Italian - IT (479 KB)
- Korean - KR (479 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (479 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Gu W, et al. Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylase Modulates Platelet Function. Thromb Haemost. 2022 Oct;122(10):1693-1705. [Content Brief]
[2]. Deppe J, et al. Impairment of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α signaling in keratinocytes and fibroblasts by sulfur mustard is counteracted by a selective PHD-2 inhibitor. Arch Toxicol. 2016 May;90(5):1141-50. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.8382 mL | 14.1908 mL | 28.3817 mL | 70.9542 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5676 mL | 2.8382 mL | 5.6763 mL | 14.1908 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2838 mL | 1.4191 mL | 2.8382 mL | 7.0954 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1892 mL | 0.9461 mL | 1.8921 mL | 4.7303 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1419 mL | 0.7095 mL | 1.4191 mL | 3.5477 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1135 mL | 0.5676 mL | 1.1353 mL | 2.8382 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0946 mL | 0.4730 mL | 0.9461 mL | 2.3651 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0710 mL | 0.3548 mL | 0.7095 mL | 1.7739 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0568 mL | 0.2838 mL | 0.5676 mL | 1.4191 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0473 mL | 0.2365 mL | 0.4730 mL | 1.1826 mL |
IOX2 Related Classifications
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