Propamocarb
Propamocarb is an orally active phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) inducer and oomycete membrane biosynthesis inhibitor that can be present in synthetic formulations. Propamocarb is used in research on blight, gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and potato late blight.
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- CAS No.: 24579-73-5
- 화학식: C9H20N2O2
- 분자량:188.27
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보관:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocol
- 순도&문서
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
제품 설명
In Vitro
Propamocarb significantly induces the expression of PAL, POD, CYP, AMP, ANP, and UDP genes in cucumber fruit peel, with the highest induction for POD reaching a 70.83-fold increase at 6 h post-treatment[1].
Propamocarb significantly increases the activities of PAL (to 101.8 nmol·h-1·mg-1 protein) and POD (to 106.1 U·g-1 FW) in cucumber fruit peel[1].
Propamocarb significantly increases acetylbromide-extractable Lignin (HY-111830) content in cucumber fruit peel, reaching 80.76 mg/g dry weight, which is a 41.1% increase compared to the control[1].
Propamocarb (1.8-10 mg/mL; 5-7 days) provided minimal inhibition of mycelial growth for the 71 P. nicotianae isolates tested, with the most sensitive isolate showing 34.8% relative growth at 10 mg/mL[2].
Propamocarb (1-100 mg/mL; 5-7 days) is a poor inhibitor of P. nicotianae mycelial growth, with EC50 values ranging from 2.2 to 90.1 mg/mL across the nine isolates and a mean of 20.6 mg/mL[2].
Propamocarb (5-50,000 µg/mL; 10 h) potently suppressed sporangium production in P. nicotianae isolates, with EC50 values ranging from 133.8 to 481.3 µg/mL and complete inhibition at 50,000 µg/mL[2].
Propamocarb (5-50,000 µg/mL; 10 min-1 h) inhibited zoospore motility in P. nicotianae isolates, with EC50 values ranging from 88.1 to 249.8 µg/mL and complete cessation of motility within 10 min at 5,000 µg/mL or above[2].
Propamocarb (5-50,000 µg/mL; 2 days) inhibited zoospore germination in P. nicotianae isolates, with EC50 values ranging from 1.9 to 184.6 µg/mL across the nine isolates[2].
Propamocarb (0.1-50 µg/mL; 7 days) slightly affected cell viability and moderately reduced mitochondrial function, glucose consumption, and intracellular ATP in primary rat cortical neurons, with these effects being strongly mitigated or completely prevented by pyruvate and acetylcysteine supplementation; the compound showed no direct effect on GSH levels within 1 h[5].
Propamocarb controls late blight in detached potato leaves incited by P. infestans with EC90 values ranging from 72 to 122 ppm, with no significant difference between Metalaxyl (HY-B0843)-sensitive and metalaxyl-resistant isolates[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
Chronic exposure of C57BL/6J mice to propamocarb (1-10 mg/L; p.o.; in drinking water; continuously for 10 weeks) induces bile acid metabolic disorder, with significant increases in hepatic and serous BAs at the 10 mg/L dose, and increases the levels of the cardiovascular disease risk factor trimethylamine[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:ICR mice (Male, 5 weeks old)[3]
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Dosage:3, 30, and 300 mg/L (0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg bw/day)
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Administration:p.o.; ad libitum; 28 days
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Result:Decreased hepatic TG levels to 75.8% in the 30 mg/L group and 69.7% in the 300 mg/L group.
Significantly decreased mRNA levels of Fatp2 in all treatment groups, Fabp2 in the 30 mg/L group, Acox in all groups, and Scd1 in all groups.
Significantly up-regulated colonic LPL transcription in the 30 and 300 mg/L groups and increased colonic LPL protein in the 3 and 300 mg/L groups.
Decreased colonic GPR41 transcription in all treated groups.
Altered 20 fecal metabolites in the 300 mg/L group, including increased propionate, isobutyrate, total bile acids, taurine, choline, ethanolamine, and trimethylamine, and decreased succinate, trehalose, β-galactose, glycerol, and lactate.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6J mice (Male, 5-week-old)[4]
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Dosage:1 mg/L; 3 mg/L; 10 mg/L
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Administration:p.o.; in drinking water; continuously for 10 weeks
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Result:Increased total hepatic bile acids (BAs) by 29.8% (10.9 mmol/g vs. 8.4 mmol/g) at 10 mg/L.
Down-regulated mRNA levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp27a1, and BA transporters Abcb11, Ntcp, Mrp2, and Mrp3 in the liver.
Decreased FXR expression considerably at 10 mg/L.
Decreased Lbabp mRNA level significantly in the ileum at 3 and 10 mg/L.
Increased serum levels of TCA (64.70 vs. 46.30 nmol/L), UDCA (25.81 vs. 12.80 nmol/L), TβMCA (86.4 vs. 42.79 nmol/L), TωMCA (140.60 vs. 92.33 nmol/L), βMCA (298.48 vs. 159.77 nmol/L), and ωMCA (212.62 vs. 148.17 nmol/L) at 10 mg/L.
Decreased expression of genes related to fatty acid translation, β-oxidation, and TG synthesis significantly at 10 mg/L.
Increased hepatic FMO3 protein levels significantly at 1, 3, and 10 mg/L.
Increased cardiac NO levels significantly at 10 mg/L.
Decreased cardiac NOS activities significantly at 3 and 10 mg/L.
Increased transcriptional levels of NF-κB in the heart significantly at 3 and 10 mg/L.
Increased fecal trimethylamine (TMA) significantly at 10 mg/L.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 24579-73-5
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분자량 188.27
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화학식 C9H20N2O2
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SMILES
O=C(OCCC)NCCCN(C)C
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Protocol
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Research Protocol for Microbiome Analysis
Microbiome analysis characterizes microbial communities in biological or environmental samples by measuring community composition, diversity, taxonomic structure, functional potential, and associations with host or environmental phenotypes. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is commonly used for bacterial and archaeal taxonomic profiling, while shotgun metagenomics provides higher taxonomic resolution and direct functional information, including microbial genes, pathways, viruses, fungi, and antimicrobial-resistance genes when sequencing depth and host-DNA contamination are adequately controlled. Microbiome results are strongly affected by sample collection, storage, DNA extraction, contamination, sequencing method, reference database, and bioinformatic pipeline; therefore, standardized protocols, negative controls, mock communities, and transparent analysis workflows are required. Unresolved issues include low-biomass contamination, compositional-data bias, inconsistent species-level c
순도&문서
References
[2]. Hu J, et al. Effects of Propamocarb Hydrochloride on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, and Infection by Phytophthora nicotianae Isolates from Virginia Nurseries. Plant disease. 2007 Apr;91(4):414-420. [Content Brief]
[3]. Wu S, et al. Exposure to the fungicide propamocarb causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder in mice. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2018 Jun;237:775-783. [Content Brief]
[4]. Wu S, et al. Chronic exposure to fungicide propamocarb induces bile acid metabolic disorder and increases trimethylamine in C57BL/6J mice. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 15;642:341-348. [Content Brief]
[5]. Schmuck G, et al. Effects of the carbamates fenoxycarb, propamocarb and propoxur on energy supply, glucose utilization and SH-groups in neurons. Archives of toxicology. 2004 Jun;78(6):330-7. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Propamocarb Related Classifications
HY-B2026 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Propamocarb
- 24579-73-5
- Fungal
- Biochemical Assay Reagents
- oomycete membrane biosynthesis inhibitor
- gut microbiota dysbiosis
- cardiovascular disease
- cucumber fruit peel
- late blight of potato
- Phytophthora nicotianae
- phenylpropanoid pathway
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) inducer
- lignin synthesis
- Phytophthora infestans
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit