Sweeteners

Perillartine is a sweetener, which activates the taste receptor type 1 member 2 (Tas1r2) subunit in a species-dependent manner.

Steviolbioside is a sweetener and also an important pharmaceutical intermediate. Steviolbioside can inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cells. Steviolbioside has an MIC of 3.8 µg/mL for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Steviolbioside also has antidiabetic activity. Steviolbioside can be used in the research of tuberculosis, diabetes and tumors such as breast cancer.

Thaumatins is a protein, which can be purified from the fruit of Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth. Thaumatins is 100,000 times sweeter than sucrose on a molar basis.

11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O₂^-, H₂O₂ and *OH) with EC₅₀ of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.

Mogroside IV-A is a triterpene glycoside found in Siraitia and acts as a PLSCR1 inhibitor. Mogroside IV-A inhibits PLSCR1-promoted EGFR phosphorylation and downstream MAPK signaling activation. Mogroside IV-A inhibits TPA (HY-18739)-induced activation of viral early antigen (EBV-EA). Mogroside IV-A enhances the anticancer effect of Epirubicin (HY-13624) and reverses acquired resistance of cells to Epirubicin. Mogroside IV-A is used in research related to triple-negative breast cancer and herpesvirus infection.

Rebaudioside I is a natural non-caloric high-potency sweetener belonging to the steviol glycoside family, which can be isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Morita.

Mogroside IIe is a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide, isolated from glycyrrhiza, is an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) with an anti -allergic activity. Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (GAMG) shows that β-glucuronidases (β-GUS) are key GAMG-producing enzymes, displaying a high potential to convert GL directly into GAMG.Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide is valuable as a sweetener.

Siamenoside I is one of the mogrosides that has several kinds of bioactivities.

Dulcoside A is a glycoside that can be isolated from Stevia rebaudiana that elicits sweet and bitter taste through activation of TAS1R. Dulcoside A also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

Mogroside III is a triterpenoid glycoside. Mogroside III exhibits maltase inhibitory effect with an IC₅₀ value of 1.6 mM. Mogroside III enhances oocyte developmental potential by promoting autophagy in cumulus cells. Mogroside III, as the active ingredient of the low-polarity glycoside component (L-SGgly), L-SGgly can increase serum GLP-1 levels, improve insulin resistance, and reduce IL-6 levels, and has hypoglycemic, lipid-regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. Mogroside III can be used for the studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assisted reproductive technology.

Mogroside VI A, an isomer of Mogroside VI isolated from Luo Han Guo, exerts sweetness property. Mogroside VI A can be used for sweetener and/or taste modifier research.

Erlose is a trisaccharide sucrose derivative and low-calorie sweetener synthesized from glucose and sucrose via an α-glucosidase-mediated transglycosylation reaction. Erlose is often used as a marker to identify whether honey is adulterated with artificial sucrose. Erlose has approximately half the sweetness of sucrose but a similar taste, and it effectively inhibits crystal formation and browning reactions during food heat treatment.

Isomogroside V is a sweetener, which extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).

Mogroside IIA1 is a triterpenoid glycoside and a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.

Mogroside VI is a triterpenoid glycoside and a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.

Mogroside IV is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor with a IC₅₀ of 289.09 µg/mL. Mogroside IV inhibits pancreatic lipase in a dose-dependent manner. Mogroside IV can be used in research related to obesity.

Allitol (Allodulcitol) is an orally active rare sugar alcohol found in Itea virginica L, Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus. Allitol has anti-obesity and hypoglycaemic activities. Allitol reduces carcass and total body fat mass, increases cecal weight, surface area, and short-chain fatty acid production, and upregulates cecal microbial enzymes linked to butyrate metabolism. Allitol can be used for the researches of obesity and diabetes.

Mogroside II-A2 is a triterpenoid glycoside and a nonsugar sweetener. Mogrosides are sweeter than sucrose. Mogrosides exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.

Mogroside III-A1 is a cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside found in the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit).