Ephrin-A5

Ephrin-A5, the product of EFNA5, is a GPI-linked ligand for EphA receptors and one of the best-characterized guidance cues in the nervous system. Together with ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A3 it establishes the gradient that maps retinal ganglion cell axons onto the optic tectum and superior colliculus, and it further shapes corticofugal and commissural axon trajectories. Beyond development, ephrin-A5 interacts with EphA5 on pancreatic beta cells to restrain glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, connecting an axon-guidance molecule to metabolic control. It also modulates axon regeneration after injury, generally acting as an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Recombinant ephrin-A5 is widely used to probe EphA receptor activation and repulsive signaling.