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Isoforms Recommended:	NMDA Receptor

Results for "

NMDA receptor

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	17β-HSD (1) 5-HT Receptor (4) Adrenergic Receptor (8) Akt (5) Amino Acid Derivatives (1) Aminopeptidase (1) Amyloid-β (6) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (39) Arrestin (2) ASCT (1) Autophagy (1) Bacterial (5) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Calcium Channel (17) Carboxypeptidase (1) Caspase (3) Cholinesterase (ChE) (8) COX (2) CXCR (5) Cytochrome P450 (4) Dopamine Receptor (1) Drug Derivative (3) Drug Isomer (4) Drug Metabolite (9) Endogenous Metabolite (69) Environmental Pollutants (5) ERK (3) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (4) Ferroptosis (19) Fluorescent Dye (1) Fungal (2) GABA Receptor (25) Glycine Receptor (GlyR) (1) GlyT (7) GPR35 (5) Histamine Receptor (1) HIV (1) HIV Integrase (1) iGluR (383) Influenza Virus (4) Interleukin Related (3) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (45) Liposome (1) mAChR (10) mGluR (7) MMP (7) MOFs (2) Monoamine Oxidase (2) nAChR (7) Neprilysin (1) Neurotensin Receptor (2) NF-κB (13) Ninjurin (1) NO Synthase (7) Opioid Receptor (15) Orphan GPCR (1) p38 MAPK (2) Parasite (2) Phytohormone (1) PI3K (5) PKA (1) Potassium Channel (21) PPAR (6) Prostaglandin Receptor (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (7) Reference Standards (59) Serotonin Transporter (2) Sigma Receptor (10) SOD (2) Sodium Channel (13) TNF Receptor (4) Trk Receptor (1) TRP Channel (2) VEGFR (2) Virus Protease (4) Xanthine Oxidase (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (42) Cardiovascular Disease (20) Endocrinology (13) Infection (18) Inflammation/Immunology (50) Metabolic Disease (28) Neurological Disease (385)
Oligonucleotides:	Fillers (1) Liposome (1)

451

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-100714A

D-AP5 25+ Cited Publications D-APV; D-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid	iGluR	Neurological Disease
D-AP5 (D-APV) is a selective and competitive **NMDA receptor antagonist with a K_d** of 1.4 μM. D-AP5 (D-APV) inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors .

HY-17551

NMDA Maximum Cited Publications 29 Publications Verification N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
NMDA is a specific agonist for NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.

HY-101037

Sarcosine 3 Publications Verification N-Methylglycine; Sarcosin	Endogenous Metabolite GlyT	Cancer
Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-15067

DNQX 10+ Cited Publications FG 9041	iGluR	Cancer
DNQX (FG 9041), a quinoxaline derivative, is a selective, potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC₅₀s = 0.5, 2 and 40 μM for AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors, respectively) .

HY-12882A

Ifenprodil tartrate 5+ Cited Publications NP-120 tartrate; RC-61-91 tartrate	iGluR Adrenergic Receptor Potassium Channel Calcium Channel Influenza Virus	Infection Neurological Disease
Ifenprodil (NP-120) tartrate, a cerebral vasodilator, is a noncompetitive *NMDA* receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC₅₀=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC₅₀=146 μM) . Ifenprodil tartrate is an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil tartrate has reliable inhibitory effects against A/H1N1 strains (EC₅₀ of 6.6 µM). Ifenprodil tartrate has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects. Ifenprodil tartrate can be used for the study of cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral arterial obliterative disease .

HY-101372A

Oxotremorine M iodide	mAChR	Neurological Disease
Oxotremorine M iodide is a potent and non-selective *muscarinic acetylcholine receptor* (mAChR)** agonist. Oxotremorine M iodide potentiates NMDA receptors by muscarinic receptor dependent and independent mechanisms .

HY-B1487

Procyclidine hydrochloride Tricyclamol hydrochloride; (±)-Procyclidine hydrochloride	iGluR mAChR	Neurological Disease
Procyclidine (Tricyclamol, (±)-Procyclidine) hydrochloride , an anticholinergic agent, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also has the properties of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Procyclidine hydrochloride can be used in studies of Parkinson's disease and related psychiatric disorders such as Soman-induced epilepsy .

HY-100834

5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid 1 Publications Verification 5,7-DCKA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA) is a selective and competitive antagonist of the glycine site on **NMDA receptor** with a K_B of 65 nM. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid reduces NMDA-induced neuron injury. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid increases social interaction time, increases open arm exploration time, disinhibits suppressed conflict responding in rodent models. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid exhibits anxiolytic-like activity in rodent models and supports exploration of glycine’s role in NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission .

HY-15085

MDL 105519	iGluR	Neurological Disease
MDL 105519 is a potent and selective antagonist of glycine binding to the *NMDA* receptor.

HY-13457

TCN 201 1 Publications Verification	iGluR	Neurological Disease
TCN 201 is a potent, selective and non-competitive antagonist of GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor, with a pIC₅₀ of 6.8. TCN 201 is selective for GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor over GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptor (pIC₅₀<4.3) .

HY-I0096

Indole-2-carboxylic acid	iGluR HIV HIV Integrase	Neurological Disease
Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) is a competitive antagonist of the glycine site of the **NMDA receptor (K_i=15 μM, 5-fluoro-I2CA) and an inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is selective for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor** and blocks the enhancement of NMDA receptor by competitively inhibiting the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor. Indole-2-carboxylic acid can also inhibit the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase by chelating Mg ²⁺ at the active site of integrase and interacting with the hydrophobic cavity. Indole-2-carboxylic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases (such as stroke, epilepsy) and HIV-1 infection .

HY-139580

Plazinemdor CAD-9303	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Plazinemdor (CAD-9303) is a positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which is used in the research of neurological diseases .

HY-12882

Ifenprodil 5+ Cited Publications NP-120; RC-61-91	iGluR Adrenergic Receptor Potassium Channel Calcium Channel Influenza Virus	Infection Neurological Disease
Ifenprodil (NP-120), a cerebral vasodilator, is a noncompetitive *NMDA* receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC₅₀=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC₅₀=146 μM) . Ifenprodil is an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil has reliable inhibitory effects against A/H1N1 strains (EC₅₀ of 6.6 µM). Ifenprodil has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects. Ifenprodil can be used for the study of cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral arterial obliterative disease .

HY-W014504

DL-Kynurenine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity .

HY-100814

(R)-CPP 1 Publications Verification	iGluR	Neurological Disease
(R)-CPP is a highly potent *NMDA* receptor antagonist .

HY-N2125

Parishin C	5-HT Receptor iGluR Caspase Interleukin Related TNF Receptor SOD NF-κB	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Parishin C is a brain-penetrant major bioactive component found in Gastrodia elata Blume. Parishin C is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist with an EC₅₀ of 34 nM. Parishin C has antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. Parishin C protects against Aβ-induced long-term potentiation damage and *NMDA* receptor current impairment. Parishin C reduces oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, caspase activity, brain water content, and cerebral infarct volume; increases antioxidant enzyme activity and BDNF levels; improves nerve function and histopathological brain damage. Parishin C attenuates phencyclidine-induced immobility time increases, sociability deficits, and visual recognition memory impairment. Parishin C can be used for the research of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia-like psychosis .

HY-125931

Unifiram DM232	iGluR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Unifiram (DM232) is a AMPA receptor activator and cognitive enhancer. Unifiram activates the AMPA-mediated neurotransmission system. Unifiram reverses NBQX-induced amnesia in the passive avoidance test in mice. Unifiram reverses the antagonistic effect of kynurenic acid on *NMDA*-mediated [ ³H]NA release in rat hippocampal slices. Unifiram enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus in vitro. Unifiram can be used in studies related to amnesia and cognitive dysfunction, including age-related memory decline, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder .

HY-101178

L-689560	iGluR	Neurological Disease
L-689560 is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist at the GluN1 glycine binding site. L-689560 is widely used as a radiolabeled ligand in binding studies and used for study the roles of NMDA receptors in normal neurological processes as well as in diseases .

HY-124463

Epiallopregnanolone 5α,3β-THDOC	GABA Receptor iGluR	Neurological Disease
Epiallopregnanolone (5α,3β-THDOC), a 3β-hydroxy neurosteroid, an antagonist at GABAA receptors and a **NMDA receptor** enhancer .

HY-145585

Onfasprodil MIJ-821	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Onfasprodil (MIJ-821) is a selective intravenous *NMDA* receptor NR2B subunit negative allosteric modulator (NAM). Onfasprodil inhibits the activity of NR2B-NMDA receptors. Onfasprodil has a rapid antidepressant effect. Onfasprodil can be used for the research of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) .

HY-124962

D-NMAPPD 1 Publications Verification (1R,2R)-B13	iGluR	Neurological Disease Cancer
D-NMAPPD ((1R,2R)-B13) is an acid ceramidase inhibitor. D-NMAPPD regulates NMDA receptor properties by enhancing endogenous production of ceramides. D-NMAPPD has anticancer effecs .

HY-107520

MNI-caged-L-glutamate	Drug Derivative	Neurological Disease
MNI-caged-L-glutamate is an inert photolabile glutamate precursor. MNI-caged-L-glutamate does not modulate *NMDA* and AMPA receptor function in cultured neurones. MNI-caged-L-glutamate can be used for research on neurotransmitters .

HY-110097

Aptiganel hydrochloride CNS 1102	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Aptiganel hydrochloride (Cerestat) is a non-competitive **NMDA receptor** antagonist with neuroprotective effect.

HY-W742957

Pregnanolone sulfate (pyridinium)	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Pregnanolone sulfate pyridinium is an endogenous neurosteroid that inhibits **NMDA receptors** and is neuroprotective .

HY-107700

Gavestinel sodium salt GV 150526A	iGluR	Cardiovascular Disease
Gavestinel (GV 150526A) is a potent, selective, orally active and non-competitive antagonist of **NMDA receptor*. Gavestinel binds to the glycine site of the NMDA* receptor, with a pK_i of 8.5. Gavestinel can be used for the research of acute ischemic stroke .

HY-150138

Gavestinel GV 150526	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Gavestinel (GV 150526) is a selective and potent the glycine site of the **NMDA receptor** antagonist. Gavestinel has neuroprotectant effects .

HY-175442

GluN1/3A-IN-2	iGluR	Neurological Disease
GluN1/3A-IN-2 (Compound DD-1) is a selective GluN1/GluN3A NMDA receptor inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.26  μM for GluN1/GluN3A NMDA receptor. GluN1/3A-IN-2 can be used for neurological and psychiatric disorders research .

HY-103233

DNQX disodium salt 10+ Cited Publications FG 9041 disodium salt	iGluR	Cancer
DNQX (FG 9041) disodium salt, a quinoxaline derivative, is a selective, potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC₅₀s = 0.5, 2 and 40 μM for AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors, respectively) .

HY-W008038

NMDAR antagonist 3	iGluR	Others
NMDAR antagonist 3 (Compound 2) is an antagonist of the *NMDA* receptor. NMDAR antagonist 3 has a certain but weak inhibitory activity against the NR1A/2B subtype of the *NMDA* receptor .

HY-121964

cis-Piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid is a non-specific antagonist of NMDA, AMPA and kainate ionotropic receptors and a partial agonist for NMDA receptors. Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid can be used in blocking general excitatory synaptic transmissions .

HY-110152

LSN2463359	mGluR	Neurological Disease
LSN2463359 is positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu₅). LSN2463359 attenuates aspects of the behavioral response to administration of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. LSN2463359 selectively attenuates reversal learning deficits observed in the neurodevelopmental MAM E17 model . LSN2463359 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-B1283

Mephenesin	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Mephenesin is an **NMDA receptor** antagonist. Mephenesin is also a central muscle relaxant with antianxiety, muscle-paralyzing and anticonvulsant effects. Mephenesin acts directly on the skeletal muscle fibres to produce skeletal muscle relaxation. Mephenesin is promising for research of spasticity or painful muscle spasm .

HY-120970

Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride	Cholinesterase (ChE) GABA Receptor iGluR	Neurological Disease
Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride is a dimeric AChE inhibitor derived from tacrine. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride prevents glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis by blocking NMDA receptors. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride is a potent GABA_Areceptor antagonist. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B1487R

Procyclidine hydrochloride (Standard) Tricyclamol hydrochloride (Standard); (±)-Procyclidine hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards iGluR mAChR	Neurological Disease
Procyclidine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procyclidine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procyclidine (Tricyclamol, (±)-Procyclidine) hydrochloride , an anticholinergic agent, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also has the properties of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Procyclidine hydrochloride can be used in studies of Parkinson's disease and related psychiatric disorders such as Soman-induced epilepsy .

HY-172876

FLY26	iGluR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Trk Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
FLY26 is a selective partial GluN2B antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 0.64 μM. FLY26 partially inhibits the GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptors, reduces calcium ion influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activates the BDNF/TrkB/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathway to alleviate neuronal excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. FLY26 is promising for research of neurological deficits caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury .

HY-101809A

CNS 5161	iGluR	Cardiovascular Disease
CNS-5161 is a novel *NMDA* ion-channel antagonist that interacts with the *NMDA* receptor/ion channel site to produce a noncompetitive blockade of the actions of glutamate.

HY-106969A

ZD 9379 sodium	Glycine Receptor (GlyR) iGluR	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
ZD 9379 sodium is a competitive glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, with an IC₅₀ value of 75 nM (glutamate site). ZD 9379 sodium selectively antagonizes the glycine binding site (GlyB site) on the NMDA receptor, inhibiting the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor and alleviating excitotoxicity. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the frequency of cortical spreading depression (SDs), alleviates energy depletion in the ischemic penumbra, and delays the expansion of infarction. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the infarct volume and improves neurological function in mouse models. ZD 9379 sodium can be used in studies of acute ischemic stroke, etc .

HY-100920

Arcaine sulfate	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Arcaine (sulfate) is a glutamate *NMDA* receptor inhibitor .

HY-114550

LY339434	iGluR	Neurological Disease
LY339434 is a potent and selective agonist for the hydrochloride receptor GluR5. LY339434 affects the rapid death of neurons through n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors .

HY-B1487A

Procyclidine Tricyclamol; (±)-Procyclidine	mAChR iGluR	Neurological Disease
Procyclidine (Tricyclamol; (±)-Procyclidine), an anticholinergic agent, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that also has the properties of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Procyclidine can be used in studies of Parkinson's disease and related psychiatric disorders such as Soman-induced epilepsy .

HY-175508

NMDA receptor modulator 9	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 9 is an orally active *NMDA* receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NMDA receptor modulator 9 enhances GluN2A receptor activity. NMDA receptor modulator 9 demonstrates significant antidepressant-like effects in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression mice. NMDA receptor modulator 9 can be used for the study of depression .

HY-160931

NMDA receptor modulator 8	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 8 (Compound 3-6) is a modulator for NMDA receptor, with 50%-100% potentiation of NMDA receptor at 10 μM .

HY-143390

NMDA receptor modulator 2	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 2 (Compound 1) is a potent **NMDA receptor** modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 2 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-143396

NMDA receptor modulator 5	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 5 (Compound 195) is a potent **NMDA receptor** modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 5 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-143393

NMDA receptor modulator 4	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 4 (Compound 169) is a potent **NMDA receptor** modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 4 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-143391

NMDA receptor modulator 3	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 3 (Compound 99) is a potent **NMDA receptor** modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 3 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-143397

NMDA receptor modulator 6	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor modulator 6 (Compound 183) is a potent **NMDA receptor** modulator. NMDA receptor modulator 6 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-155049

NMDA receptor antagonist 6	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor antagonist 6 (compound 13b) is an antagonist of **NMDA receptor*, targeting to the glycine binding site. NMDA* receptor antagonist 6 shows cytoneuroprotective potency, and protects PC12 cells against NMDA-induced injury and cell apoptosis .

HY-146101

NMDA receptor antagonist 5	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor antagonist 5 (Compound 10e) is a potent, brain permeable and non-toxic **NMDA receptor** antagonist. NMDA receptor antagonist 5 can be used for neurological disorder research .

HY-147352

NMDA receptor potentiator-1	iGluR	Neurological Disease
NMDA receptor potentiator-1 (Compound 1368) is a subunit selective **NMDA receptor potentiator with IC₅₀**s of 4 μM and 5 μM against NR2C and NR2D expression, respectively .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L070

Neuroprotective Compound Library

1,748 compounds

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive dysfunction and death of neurons, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroprotection is an approach to preserve neurons so that neurons cannot be hurt by different pathological factors in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroprotectors are some agonists and antagonists targeting some key targets in neuroprotactive signal pathways, such as calcium and sodium channel blockers, GABA receptor agonists, NMDA receptor Antagonists, etc. Current neuroprotectors cannot reverse existing damage, but they may protect against further nerve damage and slow down any degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and still play important roles in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1,748 compounds with potential neuroprotective activities. These compounds mainly act on some key targets in neuroprotetive signal pathways, such as calcium channel, sodium channel, adenosine A1 receptor, etc. MCE Neuroprotective Compopund Library is a useful tool in neuroprotective drug discovery.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D3226

Zinc(II) probe-1

Fluorescent Dyes

Zinc (II) probe-1 (Compound DNP) is a dual-color Fluorescent probe that can simultaneously monitor Zn ²⁺ and H ⁺. Upon interaction with Zn ²⁺, Zinc (II) probe-1 produces bright blue fluorescence (excitation wavelength: 405 nm; blue channel wavelength: 420-500 nm). Upon interaction with H ⁺, Zinc (II) probe-1 exhibits red fluorescence (excitation wavelength: 561 nm; red channel emission wavelength: 630-730 nm). Zinc (II) probe-1 can be used in studies related to depression .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P1363

β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human) TFA	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42), human TFA, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363A

β-Amyloid (1-42), human Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human)	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1363B

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated Maximum Cited Publications 24 Publications Verification	Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, a 42-amino acid peptide that has been treated with HFIP from β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A), is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, HFIP-treated, after being dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4°C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37°C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P2159

Dynorphin A (1-8)	Opioid Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Dynorphin A (1-8) is a ligand with preference for the κ-opioid receptor, and its IC₅₀ value against human placental κ-opioid receptor is 330 nM. Dynorphin A (1-8) mediates neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis, and competitively displacing the binding of κ partial agonists. Dynorphin A (1-8) is the dominant opioid peptide in human placental villi and tissue extracts; it undergoes rapid hydrolysis and can enter the central nervous system via intranasal administration. Dynorphin A (1-8) can be used in studies related to ischemic stroke .

HY-138903

L-Homocysteic acid 1 Publications Verification L-HCA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
L-Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid that acts as a *NMDA* receptor agonist (EC₅₀: 14 μM). L-Homocysteic acid is neurotoxic, and can be used in the research of neurological disorders .

HY-117483

Gly-Pro-Glu	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroactive peptide with a potent action on acetylcholine release. Gly-Pro-Glu is the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I. Gly-Pro-Glu inhibits glutamate binds to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor with an IC₅₀ value of 14.7 μM. Gly-Pro-Glu can be used for the research of neuroprotection .

HY-P1594A

Dynorphin A (1-10) TFA	Opioid Receptor iGluR	Neurological Disease
Dynorphin A (1-10) (TFA), an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, binds to extracellular loop 2 of the κ-opioid receptor. Dynorphin A (1-10) (TFA) also blocks *NMDA*-activated current with an IC₅₀ of 42.0 μM.

HY-P1287

Conantokin-T	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Conantokin-T is a γ-carboxyglutamate-containing, *N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist peptidewith an IC₅₀* value of 2 μM. Conantokin-T inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in central nervous system neurons. Conantokin-T can be purified from the venom of the fish-hunting cone snail, Conus tulipa .

HY-P1293

Conantokin G	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Conantokin G, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G has neuroprotective properties .

HY-P1594

Dynorphin A (1-10)	Opioid Receptor iGluR	Neurological Disease
Dynorphin A (1-10) an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, binds to extracellular loop 2 of the κ-opioid receptor. Dynorphin A (1-10) also blocks *NMDA*-activated current with an IC₅₀ of 42.0 μM.

HY-W014692

Boc-D-2,3-diaminopropionic acid N-t-Boc-amino-D-alanine; Boc-D-Dap-OH	Amino Acid Derivatives	Others
Boc-D-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (N-t-Boc-amino-D-alanine) is an amino acid derivative with a Boc protecting group, which can be used to synthesize a potent NMDA receptor glycine site agonist with GluN2 subunit-specific activity .

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-P1293A

Conantokin G TFA	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Conantokin G TFA, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G TFA inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G TFA has neuroprotective properties .

HY-P1285

Conantokin R Con-R	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Conantokin R (Con-R) is an *NMDA* receptor peptide antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 93 nM. Conantokin R binds Zn ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ with K_ds of 0.15 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively. Conantokin R shows anticonvulsant activity .

HY-P2307

Tat-NR2Baa	iGluR NO Synthase	Neurological Disease
Tat-NR2BAA is the control peptide of Tat-NR2B9c (HY-P0117), inactive. The sequence of Tat-NR2BAA is similar to Tat-NR2B9c, but it has a double-point mutation in the COOH terminal tSXV motif, making it incapable of binding PSD-95. Tat-NR2B9c is a membrane-permeant peptide and disrupts PSD-95/NMDAR binding, correlate with uncoupling NR2B- and/or NR2A-type NMDARs from PSD-95 .

HY-P2307A

Tat-NR2Baa TFA	iGluR NO Synthase	Neurological Disease
Tat-NR2BAA TFA is the control peptide of Tat-NR2B9c (HY-P0117), inactive. The sequence of Tat-NR2BAA TFA is similar to Tat-NR2B9c, but it has a double-point mutation in the COOH terminal tSXV motif, making it incapable of binding PSD-95. Tat-NR2B9c is a membrane-permeant peptide and disrupts PSD-95/NMDAR binding, correlate with uncoupling NR2B- and/or NR2A-type NMDARs from PSD-95 .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-14608

L-Glutamic acid 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Cancer Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis
L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors .

HY-Y0966

Glycine 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite iGluR VEGFR Ninjurin
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine inhibits the membrane aggregation of NINJ1 and prevents plasma membrane rupture during cell death. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis .

HY-17551

NMDA Maximum Cited Publications 29 Publications Verification N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid	Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
NMDA is a specific agonist for NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.

HY-100806

Kynurenic acid 5+ Cited Publications Quinurenic acid	Alkaloids Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Quinoline Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis CXCR GPR35
Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting **NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8**.

HY-100807

Quinolinic acid 5+ Cited Publications	Alkaloids Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Pyridine Alkaloids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite	MOFs iGluR Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NO Synthase Apoptosis
Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA *receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis* .

HY-14608A

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Animals Amino acids Plants Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants iGluR Apoptosis Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite
L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors .

HY-113416

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 5 Publications Verification DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	GABA Receptor Sigma Receptor iGluR PPAR NF-κB
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .

HY-101037

Sarcosine 3 Publications Verification N-Methylglycine; Sarcosin	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite GlyT
Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-100808

D-Serine 2 Publications Verification (R)-Serine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the **NMDA glutamate receptor**. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-N2072

Crocetin 3 Publications Verification Transcrocetin; trans-Crocetin	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Lridaceae Plants Crocus sativus L. Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	iGluR Apoptosis COX p38 MAPK
Crocetin (Transcrocetin) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin is an orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin shows strong *NMDA* receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia .

HY-B0504

Creatinine 5+ Cited Publications NSC13123	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite GABA Receptor iGluR
Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and **NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine** and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-N2311

Ibotenic acid 5+ Cited Publications (RS)-Ibotenic acid; DL-Ibotenic acid	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	iGluR
Ibotenic acid has agonist activity at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD or metabolotropic quisqualate (Q_m) receptor sites.

HY-30004

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. In the presence of low concentrations (1 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a small molecule agonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 0.7-0.9 μM. At high concentrations (10 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 81.6 nM. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid exerts neuroprotective activity by moderately activating NMDA receptors to prevent neuronal cell death in ischemic animal models. Additionally, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an antagonist of NMDA receptors, inducing blood pressure reduction and antioxidant effects in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhances object recognition memory and cognitive flexibility dependent on the prefrontal cortex, but does not affect impulsivity nor exhibit an antipsychotic-like profile. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid shows promise for research in the field of neurotoxicity. .

HY-116330A

Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt 3 Publications Verification Hyperforin DCHA	Natural Products Guttiferae Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Plants Source Classification	TRP Channel Calcium Channel
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca ²⁺ levels by activating Ca ²⁺-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .

HY-B0765

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium 5 Publications Verification DHEA sulfate sodium; Prasterone sulfate sodium	Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	GABA Receptor Sigma Receptor iGluR PPAR NF-κB
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .

HY-12882A

Ifenprodil tartrate 5+ Cited Publications NP-120 tartrate; RC-61-91 tartrate	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Crassulaceae Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	iGluR Adrenergic Receptor Potassium Channel Calcium Channel Influenza Virus
Ifenprodil (NP-120) tartrate, a cerebral vasodilator, is a noncompetitive *NMDA* receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC₅₀=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC₅₀=146 μM) . Ifenprodil tartrate is an α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil tartrate has reliable inhibitory effects against A/H1N1 strains (EC₅₀ of 6.6 µM). Ifenprodil tartrate has neuroprotective, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects. Ifenprodil tartrate can be used for the study of cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral arterial obliterative disease .

HY-107512

Kynurenic acid sodium 5+ Cited Publications	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Quinoline Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	iGluR Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite CXCR GPR35
Kynurenic acid sodium, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting **NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid sodium is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8**.

HY-N0368

Linalool,98% (stabilized with MEHQ) 4 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis iGluR Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial TNF Receptor
Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive *NMDA* receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities .

HY-Y0966R

Glycine (Standard) 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Cancer Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR VEGFR
Glycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis .

HY-I1070

D-Isoleucine (R)-Isoleucine	Microorganisms Source Classification	ASCT
D-Isoleucine is a selective competitive activator of the Asc-1 antiporter (Ki=0.98 mM). D-Isoleucine promotes the release of D-serine and glycine by binding to the Asc-1 protein on the neuronal cell membrane, and enhances NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. D-Isoleucine can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia). D-Isoleucine also acts as a non-classical D-amino acid, interferes with bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis, and inhibits the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, and has potential antibacterial application value[1][2].

HY-17387

(-)-Huperzine A 5+ Cited Publications Huperzine A	Structural Classification Alkaloids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Terpenoids Huperziaceae Sesquiterpenes Pyridine Alkaloids Huperzia serrata Plants Disease Research Fields	Cholinesterase (ChE) iGluR
(-)-Huperzine A (Huperzine A) is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC₅₀ of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-I0096

Indole-2-carboxylic acid	Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR HIV HIV Integrase
Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) is a competitive antagonist of the glycine site of the **NMDA receptor (K_i=15 μM, 5-fluoro-I2CA) and an inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is selective for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor** and blocks the enhancement of NMDA receptor by competitively inhibiting the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor. Indole-2-carboxylic acid can also inhibit the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase by chelating Mg ²⁺ at the active site of integrase and interacting with the hydrophobic cavity. Indole-2-carboxylic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases (such as stroke, epilepsy) and HIV-1 infection .

HY-76228

1H-pyrazole Pyrazole	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Parasite iGluR
1H-pyrazole (Pyrazole) is a five-membered heterocyclic compound, and its derivatives are orally effective antimalarial and antileishmanial agents with the potential to modulate targets such as alcohol dehydrogenase and NMDA receptors. 1H-pyrazole derivatives exhibit inhibitory effects on Plasmodium berghei in infected mice and on promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica, respectively. 1H-pyrazole can be used in research related to malaria and leishmaniasis .

HY-14608R

L-Glutamic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Cancer Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis
L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases . IC₅₀ & Target:DA . In Vitro: L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus . L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma . In Vivo: L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice . L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats .

HY-100807R

Quinolinic acid (Standard) 5+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Alkaloids Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Pyridine Alkaloids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NO Synthase Apoptosis
Quinolinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinolinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA *receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis*.

HY-100806R

Kynurenic acid (Standard) 5+ Cited Publications Quinurenic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Quinoline Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis CXCR GPR35
Kynurenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kynurenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting **NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8**.

HY-17388

(±)-Huperzine A 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Terpenoids Huperziaceae Sesquiterpenes Huperzia serrata Plants Source Classification	Drug Isomer Cholinesterase (ChE) iGluR
(±)-Huperzine A is the racemate of (-)-Huperzine A (HY-17387). (-)-Huperzine A is an alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, with neuroprotective activity. (-)-Huperzine A is a potent, highly specific, reversible and blood-brain barrier penetrant inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC₅₀ of 82 nM. (-)-Huperzine A also is non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptor. (-)-Huperzine A is developed for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-P2159

Dynorphin A (1-8)	Structural Classification Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Opioid Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Dynorphin A (1-8) is a ligand with preference for the κ-opioid receptor, and its IC₅₀ value against human placental κ-opioid receptor is 330 nM. Dynorphin A (1-8) mediates neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis, and competitively displacing the binding of κ partial agonists. Dynorphin A (1-8) is the dominant opioid peptide in human placental villi and tissue extracts; it undergoes rapid hydrolysis and can enter the central nervous system via intranasal administration. Dynorphin A (1-8) can be used in studies related to ischemic stroke .

HY-B0504R

Creatinine (Standard) NSC13123 (Standard)	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR GABA Receptor
Creatinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Creatinine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and **NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine** and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-W014504

DL-Kynurenine	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Kynurenine is a key metabolite in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and can cross the blood-brain barrier. DL-Kynurenine has a bidirectional regulatory effect on neural excitability. DL-Kynurenine can enhance the convulsive and lethal effects caused by strychnine. DL-Kynurenine is the precursor of Kynurenic acid (HY-100806), which is an antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors and can counteract excitatory toxins. DL-Kynurenine can be used for research on neurotoxicity .

HY-N2125

Parishin C	Structural Classification Gastrodia elata Bl. Orchidaceae Phenols Plants Source Classification	5-HT Receptor iGluR Caspase Interleukin Related TNF Receptor SOD NF-κB
Parishin C is a brain-penetrant major bioactive component found in Gastrodia elata Blume. Parishin C is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist with an EC₅₀ of 34 nM. Parishin C has antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. Parishin C protects against Aβ-induced long-term potentiation damage and *NMDA* receptor current impairment. Parishin C reduces oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, caspase activity, brain water content, and cerebral infarct volume; increases antioxidant enzyme activity and BDNF levels; improves nerve function and histopathological brain damage. Parishin C attenuates phencyclidine-induced immobility time increases, sociability deficits, and visual recognition memory impairment. Parishin C can be used for the research of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia-like psychosis .

HY-16502

Crocetin disodium 3 Publications Verification Transcrocetin disodium; trans-Crocetin disodium	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Lridaceae Plants Crocus sativus L. Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	iGluR
Crocetin (Transcrocetin) disodium, extracted from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), acts as an **NMDA receptor** antagonist with high affinity.

HY-N6065

Praeruptorin A 3 Publications Verification (+)-Praeruptorin A	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Coumarins Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Calcium Channel Drug Isomer Cytochrome P450 iGluR Apoptosis
Praeruptorin A ((+)-Praeruptorin A) is an orally active isomer of (±)-Praeruptorin A (HY-N0081). Praeruptorin A also acts as a Calcium channel blocker. Praeruptorin A can be isolated from Peucedanum. Praeruptorin A serves as a substrate for CYP3A4. Praeruptorin A downregulates *NMDA* receptors containing GluN2B and inhibits neuronal Apoptosis. Praeruptorin A mediates vasodilation, inhibits vascular hypertrophy and reduces blood pressure. Praeruptorin A can be used in research related to neurological diseases, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, exertional angina, renovascular hypertension and spontaneous hypertension .

HY-101037R

Sarcosine (Standard) N-Methylglycine (Standard); Sarcosin (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite GlyT
Sarcosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sarcosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-30004R

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite. In the presence of low concentrations (1 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a small molecule agonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 0.7-0.9 μM. At high concentrations (10 μM) of glutamate, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acts as a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors with an EC50 of 81.6 nM. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid exerts neuroprotective activity by moderately activating NMDA receptors to prevent neuronal cell death in ischemic animal models. Additionally, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an antagonist of NMDA receptors, inducing blood pressure reduction and antioxidant effects in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid enhances object recognition memory and cognitive flexibility dependent on the prefrontal cortex, but does not affect impulsivity nor exhibit an antipsychotic-like profile. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid shows promise for research in the field of neurotoxicity. .

HY-N0368R

Linalool (Standard) 4 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Linalool (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linalool. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity .Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome .

HY-42937

Crocetin meglumine 3 Publications Verification Transcrocetin meglumine; trans-Crocetin meglumine	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Lridaceae Plants Crocus sativus L. Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	iGluR
Crocetin (Transcrocetin) meglumine, extracted from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), acts as an **NMDA receptor** antagonist with high affinity.

HY-N2072R

Crocetin (Standard) Transcrocetin (Standard); trans-Crocetin (Standard)	Structural Classification Terpenoids Diterpenoids Lridaceae Plants Crocus sativus L. Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Reference Standards Apoptosis COX p38 MAPK
Crocetin (Standard) (TransCrocetin (Standard) ) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin (Standard) is orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin (Standard) shows strong *NMDA* receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin (Standard) can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin (Standard) can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin (Standard) can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia .

HY-113416R

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Standard) 1 Publications Verification DHEA sulfate (Standard); Prasterone sulfate (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards GABA Receptor Sigma Receptor iGluR PPAR NF-κB
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (HY-113416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .

HY-N12180A

Hodgkinsine	Alkaloids Arecaceae Bercht. & J. Presl Rubiaceae Arecaceae Plants Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Opioid Receptor Bacterial Fungal
Hodgkinsine is an opioid receptor agonist and *NMDA* receptor antagonist, which has analgesic and anti-injurial effects. In addition, Hodgkinsine has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities .

HY-P1293

Conantokin G	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	iGluR
Conantokin G, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G has neuroprotective properties .

HY-14608AR

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Animals Amino acids Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Apoptosis Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite
L-Glutamic acid (monosodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid (monosodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt can be used in the study of neurological diseases .

HY-N12180

Hodgkinsine B	Alkaloids Arecaceae Bercht. & J. Presl Rubiaceae Arecaceae Plants Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Opioid Receptor Bacterial Fungal
Hodgkinsine B is an opioid receptor agonist and *NMDA* receptor antagonist, which has analgesic and anti-injurial effects. In addition, Hodgkinsine B has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities .

HY-P1293A

Conantokin G TFA	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	iGluR
Conantokin G TFA, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G TFA inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G TFA has neuroprotective properties .

HY-N5159

Ampullosporin A	Structural Classification Microorganisms Antibiotics Other Antibiotics Source Classification	iGluR
Ampullosporin A is a peptaibol-type polypeptide that can be isolated from the fungus Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053, exhibiting neuroleptic-like activity. Ampullosporin A can inhibit hyperactivity induced by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (HY-15084B) and ameliorate social behavior abnormalities caused by subchronic drug treatment. Ampullosporin A alters the activity of glutamate receptors without affecting dopamine D1 and D2 receptors .

HY-107512R

Kynurenic acid sodium (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Quinoline Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite CXCR GPR35 Reference Standards
Kynurenic acid (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kynurenic acid (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kynurenic acid sodium, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid sodium is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.

HY-116330AR

Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Standard) Hyperforin DCHA (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Guttiferae Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards TRP Channel Calcium Channel
Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (Hyperforin DCHA) is a transient receptor canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels activator. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates Ca ²⁺ levels by activating Ca ²⁺-conducting non-selective canonical TRPC6 channels. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt also shows diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes. Hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt modulates γδ T cells to secret IL-17α, improves Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis-like mice model .

HY-12882AR

Ifenprodil tartrate (Standard) NP-120 tartrate (Standard); RC-61-91 tartrate (Standard)	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Crassulaceae Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Plants Source Classification	iGluR Potassium Channel Reference Standards
Ifenprodil (tartrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ifenprodil (tartrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ifenprodil tartrate is a typical noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Ifenprodil tartrate exerts high affinity at NR1A/NR2B receptors (IC50=0.34 μM) over 400-fold than at NR1A/NR2A receptors (IC50=146 μM) . Ifenprodil tartrate inhibits GIRK (Kir3), reduces inward currents through the basal GIRK activity. Ifenprodil tartrate has the potential to be a cerebral vasodilator .

HY-100808R

D-Serine (Standard) (R)-Serine (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
D-Serine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Serine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2].

HY-N7513R

Homovanillyl alcohol (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols other families Phenols Plants Source Classification	TNF Receptor Reference Standards Drug Metabolite
Orphenadrine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Orphenadrine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Orphenadrine hydrochloride is an orally active and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (crosses the blood-brain barrier) with a Ki of 6.0 μM. Orphenadrine hydrochloride relieves stiffness, pain and discomfort due to muscle strains, sprains or other injuries. Orphenadrine hydrochloride is also used to relieve tremors associated with parkinson's disease. Orphenadrine citrate has good neuroprotective properties, can be used in studies of neurodegenerative diseases .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0504S

Creatinine-d3

5 Publications Verification

Creatinine-d₃ is a deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-100806S

Kynurenic acid-d5 1 Publications Verification
Kynurenic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting **NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor**. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8 .

HY-14608S5

L-Glutamic acid-13C5 1 Publications Verification
L-Glutamic acid- ¹³C₅ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-Y0966S8

Glycine-d5
Glycine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-14608S7

L-Glutamic acid-d5
L-Glutamic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-100807S

Quinolinic acid-d3 2 Publications Verification
Quinolinic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA *receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis*.

HY-14608S8

L-Glutamic acid-d3
L-Glutamic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-14608S3

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N
L-Glutamic acid- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-B0504S2

Creatinine-d5

Creatinine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-Y0966S3

Glycine-13C2
Glycine- ¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S1

Glycine-d2
Glycine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S

Glycine-15N
Glycine- ¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors .

HY-101037S1

Sarcosine-d3
Sarcosine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Sarcosine. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-Y0966S6

Glycine-13C2,15N
Glycine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-14608S

L-Glutamic acid-13C
L-Glutamic acid- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-N0368S

Linalool-d3 1 Publications Verification
Linalool-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Linalool . Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity .Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome .

HY-B0504S1

Creatinine-13C

Creatinine- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-Y0966S10

Glycine-d3
Glycine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S2

Glycine-2-13C
Glycine-2- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S4

Glycine-1-13C
Glycine-1- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-100807S2

Quinolinic acid-13C4,15N

Quinolinic acid-13C4, 15N is an isotopic labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.

HY-14608S2

L-Glutamic acid-15N
L-Glutamic acid- ¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals .

HY-14608S1

L-Glutamic acid-1-13C
L-Glutamic acid-1- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-141921S

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium-d6

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt-d₆ (DHEA sulfate sodium salt-d₆; Prasterone sulfate sodium salt-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (HY-B0765). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium salt is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .

HY-B0365AS

Memantine-d6 hydrochloride
Memantine-d₆ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Memantine hydrochloride. Memantine (hydrochloride) (D-145 (hydrochloride)) is a moderate affinity, uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibit CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 with K_is of 0.51 nM and 94.9 μM, respectively .

HY-Y0966S7

Glycine-2-13C,15N
Glycine-2- ¹³C, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-14608S6

L-Glutamic acid-5-13C
L-Glutamic acid-5- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-W654331

Quinolinic acid-13C3, 15N
Quinolinic acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N (2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid- ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction .

HY-100808S

D-Serine-d3

D-Serine-d₃ ((R)-Serine-d₃) is a deuterium labeled D-Serine (HY-100808). D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-101037S

Sarcosine-15N
Sarcosine- ¹⁵N is the ¹⁵N-labeled Sarcosine. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-100807S1

Quinolinic acid-13C7

Quinolinic acid- ¹³C₇ is the ¹³C labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.

HY-B0405S

Bupivacaine-d9
Bupivacaine-d₉9 is a deuterium labeled Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is a NMDA receptor inhibitor.Bupivacaine can block sodium, L-calcium, and potassium channels.Bupivacaine potently blocks SCN5A channels with the IC₅₀ of 69.5 μM. Bupivacaine can be used for the research of chronic pain .

HY-14608S4

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5
L-Glutamic acid- ¹³C₅, ¹⁵N,d₅ is the deuterium, ¹³C-, and 15-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

HY-152052S

Linalool-d5

Linalool-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Linalool (HY-N0368). Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities .

HY-113416AS

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-d6 sodium dihydrate

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate-d₆ sodium dihydrate is the deuterium labeled Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate; Prasterone sulfate) sodium dihydrate is a neurosteroid and the main secretion product of the adrenal gland. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate has both non-competitive antagonist activity of GABA_A receptor and agonist activity of σ₁ receptor. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate can partially penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibit GABA_A receptor-mediated chloride influx, enhance NMDA receptor activity through σ₁ receptors, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-glucocorticoid and antidepressant effects, and increase convulsive sensitivity. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate participates in neuroprotection, neurite growth regulation and catecholamine secretion regulation, and can be used in the study of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium dihydrate may also be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease mortality, and its concentration is independently and negatively correlated with mortality .

HY-B0504S5

Creatinine-15N

Creatinine- ¹⁵N (NSC13123- ¹⁵N) is the ¹⁵N-labeled Creatinine (HY-B0504). Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure .

HY-G0021S1

N-Desmethylclozapine-d8 hydrochloride

N-Desmethylclozapine-d₈ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is a major active metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic agent Clozapine. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is a potent, allosteric and partial M1 receptors agonist (EC₅₀=115 nM) and is able to potentiate hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents through M1 receptor activation. N-Desmethylclozapine hydrochloride is also a δ-opioid agonist .

HY-14608S10

L-Glutamic acid-13C2
L-Glutamic acid- ¹³C₂ is the ¹³C labeled L-Glutamic acid . L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals .

HY-W748519

Sarcosine-13C3

Sarcosine- ¹³C₃ (N-Methylglycine- ¹³C₃; Sarcosin- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Sarcosine (HY-101037). Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia .

HY-G0021S

N-Desmethylclozapine-d8

N-Desmethylclozapine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled N-Desmethylclozapine. N-Desmethylclozapine is a major active metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic agent Clozapine. N-Desmethylclozapine is a potent, allosteric and partial M1 receptors agonist (EC₅₀=115 nM) and is able to potentiate hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents through M1 receptor activation. N-Desmethylclozapine is also a δ-opioid agonist .

HY-N0368S1

Linalool-13C3

Linalool- ¹³C₃ is ¹³C labeled Linalool (HY-N0368). Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities .

HY-90003S

Tianeptine-d12

Tianeptine-d₁₂ is a deuterated analog of Tianeptine (HY-90003).Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant. Tianeptine is a moderate-intensity agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), and to a lesser extent, is an agonist of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). Tianeptine is a glutamate modulator that can enhance AMPA receptor and antagonize NMDA receptor. Tianeptine increases sensitivity of the α1 adrenergic receptor, which only manifests in chronic treatment. Tianeptine exerts neuroprotective effects under stress/inflammation-induced conditions, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Tianeptine inhibits MMP-9 by suppressing the PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathway. Tianeptine can be used to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, but does not cause sedative effects.

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-B1270S

Isoxsuprine-d6 hydrochloride
Isoxsuprine-d₆ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Isoxsuprine hydrochloride. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with Kis of 13.65 μΜ and 3.48 μΜ for myometrial and placcntal beta-adrenergic receptor, respectively. Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is also a NMDA receptor antagonist.

HY-B0369AS

Orphenadrine-d3 citrate
Orphenadrine-d₃ (citrate) is the deuterium labeled Orphenadrine citrate. Orphenadrine citrate is a NMDA receptor antagonist with Ki of 6.0 +/- 0.7 μM, HERG potassium channel blocker.

HY-124463S1

Epiallopregnanolone-d5
Epiallopregnanolone-d₅ (5α,3β-THDOC-d₅) is deuterium labeled Epiallopregnanolone. Epiallopregnanolone (5α,3β-THDOC), a 3β-hydroxy neurosteroid, an antagonist at GABAA receptors and a **NMDA receptor** enhancer .

HY-B1176S

Equilin-d4
Equilin-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Equilin. Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is an important member of the large group of oestrogenic substances and is chemically related to menformon (oestrone). Equilin increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism .

HY-Y0966S9

Glycine-15N,d2
Glycine- ¹⁵N,d₂ is the deuterium and ¹⁵N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S5

Glycine-1-13C,15N
Glycine-1- ¹³C, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

HY-Y0966S11

Glycine-13C2,15N,d2
Glycine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N,d₂ is the deuterium, ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Glycine . Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-Y0966

Glycine 10+ Cited Publications		Fillers
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine inhibits the membrane aggregation of NINJ1 and prevents plasma membrane rupture during cell death. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis .

HY-185388

Bupivacaine liposome Liposomal bupivacaine		Liposome
Bupivacaine liposome is a liposome-encapsulated form of Bupivacaine (HY-B0405). Bupivacaine is an NMDA receptor inhibitor. During the action potential, Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the generation and conduction of nerve impulses induced by painful stimuli. Bupivacaine liposome reduces the release rate of Bupivacaine, thus achieving a long-lasting pain relief effect.

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