Search Result

Results for "

mitochondrial oxidative

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Mitochondrial Metabolism (76) Mitophagy (9) Oxidative Phosphorylation (26) 5-HT Receptor (5) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (1) Acyltransferase (2) Adiponectin Receptor (1) Adrenergic Receptor (2) Akt (25) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) (1) Aldose Reductase (2) AMPK (28) Amyloid-β (5) Angiotensin Receptor (1) Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (122) Arp2/3 Complex (1) Atg8/LC3 (6) Autophagy (61) Bacterial (17) Bcl-2 Family (15) Beclin1 (3) Biochemical Assay Reagents (7) c-Met/HGFR (1) c-Myc (2) Calcium Channel (2) CaMK (1) Cannabinoid Receptor (1) Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (5) Caspase (23) CCR (1) CDK (5) Cholinesterase (ChE) (3) ClpP (1) COX (6) Cytochrome P450 (4) DGK (1) Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (1) Disulfidptosis (1) DNA Methyltransferase (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (14) Dopamine Receptor (2) Dopamine β-hydroxylase (2) Drug Derivative (1) Drug Intermediate (2) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (3) Dynamin (1) Endogenous Metabolite (49) Enterovirus (1) Environmental Pollutants (15) Epoxide Hydrolase (1) ERK (13) Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) (2) Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) (2) Fc Receptor (FcR) (2) Ferroptosis (14) Fluorescent Dye (2) FOXO (1) Fungal (24) GLP Receptor (11) GLUT (2) Glutathione Peroxidase (5) Glycosidase (1) Heme Oxygenase (HO) (2) Herbicide (3) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (3) HIV (3) HSP (2) HSV (2) IGF-1R (1) Imidazoline Receptor (2) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (3) Insecticide (3) Insulin Receptor (8) Interleukin Related (7) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (32) JAK (2) JNK (10) Keap1-Nrf2 (8) Lactate Dehydrogenase (3) Lipoxygenase (1) MAP3K (5) MAP4K (1) MDM-2/p53 (3) MEK (3) Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (MTHFD) (1) Microtubule/Tubulin (3) Mixed Lineage Kinase (2) MMP (13) MNK (1) Monoamine Oxidase (3) mTOR (20) Na+/K+ ATPase (3) Necroptosis (7) Neprilysin (1) Neuropeptide Y Receptor (2) NF-κB (18) NO Synthase (7) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (3) Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A (1) OAT (2) P2X Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (20) p62 (6) Parasite (10) PARP (3) PD-1/PD-L1 (1) PDHK (1) PDK-1 (1) PERK (1) PGC-1α (1) Phosphatase (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1) Phytohormone (2) PI3K (16) PINK1/Parkin (3) PKC (3) Potassium Channel (2) PPAR (8) Proteasome (2) PTEN (2) Pyroptosis (1) Quinone Reductase (2) RANKL/RANK (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (87) Reference Standards (42) RIP kinase (2) ROS Kinase (6) SARS-CoV (1) SHMT (1) Sirtuin (7) SOD (9) Src (1) STAT (8) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) (2) Succinate Dehydrogenase (4) Tau Protein (2) TGF-beta/Smad (3) TNF Receptor (6) Topoisomerase (1) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1) TrxR (3) TSPO (1) Tyrosine Hydroxylase (2) UGT (3) VDAC (1) VEGFR (1) α-synuclein (10)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (124) Cardiovascular Disease (47) Endocrinology (10) Infection (49) Inflammation/Immunology (87) Metabolic Disease (115) Neurological Disease (109)
Oligonucleotides:	Pegylated Lipids (1) Cationic Lipids (2)

307

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

GMP Molecules

Targets Recommended: Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Mitophagy

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-100116A

Mitoquinone mesylate 150+ Cited Publications MitoQ mesylate; MitoQ10 mesylate	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Mitoquinone mesylate is a TPP-based, *mitochondrially* targeted antioxidant in order to protect against oxidative damage .

HY-B0399

L-Carnitine 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-112037

IACS-010759 25+ Cited Publications IACS-10759	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
IACS-010759 is an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .

HY-110284

BAM 15 10+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
BAM 15 is a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler. BAM 15 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler .

HY-D0885

Phosphocreatine 3 Publications Verification Creatine phosphate; Creatinephosphoric acid	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase	Metabolic Disease
Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-110282

S3QEL-2	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC₅₀=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation .

HY-D0885B

Phosphocreatine disodium 3 Publications Verification Disodium creatine phosphate	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase	Metabolic Disease
Phosphocreatine (disodium) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-N6626

Pyraclostrobin 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Bcl-2 Family Fungal Autophagy mTOR Beclin1 AMPK	Infection Metabolic Disease
Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin can induce oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy through the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Pyraclostrobin can be used to control crop diseases .

HY-134427

Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium 2 Publications Verification Palmitoyl CoA lithium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system and is involved in β-oxidation. Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium can also be used as a substrate for sphingosine biosynthesis .

HY-125623

MitoPerOx 3 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Others
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

HY-175747

PF-07293893	AMPK	Cardiovascular Disease
PF-07293893 is an AMPKγ3 activator. PF-07293893 increases glycogen content, improves lipid oxidation, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes vascular repair. PF-07293893 is applicable to research related to heart failure .

HY-B0863

Glyphosate 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Necroptosis Apoptosis Autophagy	Neurological Disease
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-N7056

4'-Hydroxychalcone 3 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteasome	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone isolated from licorice root, with hepatoprotective activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation via proteasome inhibition. 4'-Hydroxychalcone induces a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles and causes deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria .

HY-B0926A

Sodium diatrizoate Diatrizoic acid sodium salt; Sodium amidotrizoate	Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Sodium diatrizoate (Diatrizoic acid sodium salt) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Sodium diatrizoate induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium .

HY-B0926

Diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate; Amidotrizoic acid	Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Diatrizoic acid (Diatrizoate) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Diatrizoic acid induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium .

HY-107855

DL-Mevalonolactone 1 Publications Verification (±)-Mevalonolactone; Mevalolactone	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy . DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling ^[2][4].

HY-B2246

L-Carnitine hydrochloride 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-12406

VLX600 2 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Cancer
VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). VLX600 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces a strong shift to glycolysis. VLX600 displays selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cell and induces autophagy. Anticancer activity .

HY-44307

84-B10	Ferroptosis	Cancer
84-B10 is a 3-phenylglutaric acid derivative. 84-B10 inhibits cisplatin (HY-17394) induced tubular ferroptosis. 84-B10 attenuates cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. 84-B10 ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) .

HY-N1487

Oleanonic acid 2 Publications Verification 3-Oxooleanolic acid	HIV Autophagy Ferroptosis Amyloid-β	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Oleanonic acid (3-Oxooleanolic acid) is an orally available triterpene that has anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. In vitro, oleanonic acid can improve oxidative stress, autophagy defects, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Amyloid-β, and in vivo, it can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy in rats .

HY-121222

alpha-Bisabolol	PI3K Apoptosis	Cancer
alpha-Bisabolol, an orally active sesquiterpene alcohol, induces cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. alpha-Bisabolol exerts a protective action against Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of NFκB activation. alpha-Bisabolol exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic and anticancer activities .

HY-N0617

Sanggenon C 2 Publications Verification	Phosphatase ERK NF-κB Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities .

HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid	Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-134832

Mito-LND 3 Publications Verification Mito-Lonidamine	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy	Cancer
Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells .

HY-W105518

L-Carnitine tartrate Maximum Cited Publications 20 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-126015

P053 1 Publications Verification	Acyltransferase	Metabolic Disease
P053 is a potent, non-competitive and selective ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) inhibitor wirh an IC₅₀ of 0.5 μM. P053 acts as an endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in muscle. Whole-body adiposity regulator .

HY-112037A

IACS-010759 hydrochloride 25+ Cited Publications IACS-10759 hydrochloride	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .

HY-Y1366

Hydroxyacetone	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Arp2/3 Complex Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Hydroxyacetone is a toxic compound. Hydroxyacetone can be isolated from e-cigarette aerosols. Hydroxyacetone reduces the activity of cellular Mitochondrial reductase (with an IC₅₀ of 5.53 mg/mL for mitochondrial reductase in BEAS-2B cells) and increases ROS levels. Hydroxyacetone induces mitochondrial stress and oxidative damage. Hydroxyacetone induces destabilization of F-actin. At high concentrations, Hydroxyacetone promotes cell rounding and Apoptotic body formation. Hydroxyacetone exerts toxic effects on cells including airway epithelial cells and possesses respiratory toxicity potential .\n

HY-172942

SP11	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Dynamin	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
SP11 is a mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 9.4 μM. SP11 binds only to activated Fis1 by engaging Cys41. SP11 preserves mitochondrial integrity and function during oxidative stress, inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial fragmentation, and Drp1 mitochondrial translocation. SP11 can be used for the research of parkinson’s disease .

HY-W762011

BDE 47	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) JNK Oxidative Phosphorylation	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
BDE 47 targets mitochondria, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces apoptosis in embryonic cell. BDE 47 induces the generation of ROS, and activates the JNK signaling pathway. BDE 47 exhibits embryonic developmental toxicity in zebrafish .

HY-119725

Tetradifon	Environmental Pollutants Insecticide	Infection
Tetradifon is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide and an inhibitor of the mitochondrial oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP), which can be used to control a variety of mites. Tetradifon inhibits energy-related activities such as ADP-stimulated respiration, DNP and Mg ²⁺-stimulated ATPase, with an IC₅₀ of 4.5-27 nmoL/mg mitochondrial protein. Tetradifon exerts oligomycin-like activity by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation process, inducing oxidative stress and interfering with bone metabolism. Tetradifon is currently mainly used in the research of mitochondrial function regulation, bone remodeling mechanism and nephrotoxicity of environmental pollutants .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning .

HY-113285

Ureidopropionic acid 3-Ureidopropionic acid	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Ureidopropionic acid (3-Ureidopropionic acid) is a selective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .

HY-DY1073

MitoPerOx (solution)	Fluorescent Dye	Others
MitoPerOx (solution) is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state) , and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction) . Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 2 mM

HY-158162

SIRT3 activator 1 1 Publications Verification	Sirtuin	Cardiovascular Disease
SIRT3 activator 1 (Compound 5v) is a SIRT3 activator. SIRT3 activator 1 selectively elevates SIRT3 expression, leading to the upregulation of SOD2 and OPA1 expression, effectively preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, mitigating oxidative stress, and preserving cardiomyocyte viability. SIRT3 activator 1 can be used for research of cardiovascular diseases .

HY-136355

Picoxystrobin	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Fungal SOD	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity .

HY-D0885D

Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate 3 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase	Metabolic Disease
Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-177204

DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW	Ferroptosis Apoptosis Glutathione Peroxidase	Cardiovascular Disease
DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a polypeptide targeting tenascin-X (Tenascin-X) that can be conjugated with liposomes and exosomes. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW specifically binds to Tenascin-X on the surface of cardiomyocytes, mediates receptor-dependent uptake of nanocarriers, enhances targeted drug delivery of cargo to cardiomyocytes, and increases drug accumulation in cardiac tissue. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW protects cardiomyocytes treated with LPS, alleviates oxidative stress, repairs mitochondrial function, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis, and downregulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the same time. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW improves cardiac injury and pathological morphology in mice with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, restores GPX4 expression, and promotes the internalization of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes, making it suitable for related research on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions .

HY-134377

Bocidelpar ASP0367; MA-0211	PPAR	Metabolic Disease
Bocidelpar (ASP0367; MA-0211) is a selective, orally active PPARδ modulator. Bocidelpar activates the PPARδ downstream signaling pathway, upregulates the expression of target genes such as ABCA1 and ACAA2. Bocidelpar then promotes *fatty acid oxidation* (FAO)** and mitochondrial biogenesis, and improves mitochondrial dysfunction. Bocidelpar can improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function in muscle cells. Bocidelpar is mainly used in the study of mitochondrial dysfunction diseases such as primary mitochondrial myopathy (PMM) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) .

HY-115899

Malonyl CoA Malonyl coenzyme A	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
Malonyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .

HY-139577

Ninerafaxstat IMB-1018972; IMB-101	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 binds to mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 improves mitochondrial metabolism by increasing respiration and biogenesis, reducing ROS, and decreasing mtDNA oxidation. SHLP2 also regulated energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease .

HY-153591

ROS-IN-1	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
ROS-IN-1 is a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor. ROS-IN-1 can reduce oxidative stress or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production .

HY-155554

SCAL-255	Mitochondrial Metabolism Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP	Cancer
SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits oxygen consumption rate (OCR), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 can be used in the research of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), etc .

HY-129297

CMPF	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
CMPF can be found in trace constituent of urine and blood. CMPF is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes. CMPF can act on the β cell and induces impaired mitochondrial function. CMPF decreases glucose-induced ATP accumulation, and induces oxidative stress. CMPF reverses hepatic lipid accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice .

HY-114520

TT01001	Monoamine Oxidase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
TT01001 is a selective and orally active mitoNEET agonist and a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 8.84 μM). TT01001 does not activate PPARγ but interacts with MitoNEET. TT01001 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by preventing mitoNEET-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. TT01001 improves type II diabetes and ameliorates mitochondrial function of mice. TT01001 can used for the studies of type II diabetes and neurological disorders .

HY-136394

Diafenthiuron 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Mitochondrial Metabolism Oxidative Phosphorylation Parasite	Others
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea compound commonly used a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide. Diafenthiuron disturbs the insect respiratory system by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis .

HY-W012550

D-Carnitine	Parasite	Infection
D-Carnitine is an orally available isomer of the essential nutrient L-carnitine that promotes long-chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. D-Carnitine has antiparasitic activity .

HY-155063

TRAP1-IN-1	HSP Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
TRAP1-IN-1 (compound 35) is a potent and selective inhibitor of TRAP1，a mitochondrial isoform of Hsp90. TRAP1-IN-1 has >250-fold TRAP1 selectivity over Grp94，and disrupts TRAP1 tetramer stability，induces TRAP1 client protein degradation. TRAP1-IN-1 also inhibits mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation OXPHOS，disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential，and enhances glycolysis metabolism .

HY-D0885C

Phosphocreatine dipotassium Creatine phosphate dipotassium; Creatinephosphoric acid dipotassium	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase	Metabolic Disease
Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L089

Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library

1,122 compounds

Mitochondria plays an important role in many vital processes in cells, including energy production, fatty-acid oxidation and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, calcium signaling, permeability transition, apoptosis and heat production. At present, it is recognized that many diseases are associated with impaired mitochondrial function, such as increased accumulation of ROS and decreased OXPHOS and ATP production. Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, etc. Some small molecule drugs or biologics can act on mitochondria through various pathways, including ETC inhibition, OXPHOS uncoupling, mitochondrial Ca²⁺ modulation, and control of oxidative stress via decrease or increase of mitochondrial ROS accumulation.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 1,122 mitochondria-targeted compound that mainly targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism, ATP Synthase, Mitophagy, Reactive Oxygen Species, etc. MCE Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library is a useful tool for mitochondria-targeted drug discovery and related research.

HY-L227

Amino Acid Metabolite Compound Library

200 compounds

Amino acids are the fundamental components that sustain life activities, playing roles in ATP generation, promoting nucleotide synthesis, and maintaining cellular redox balance. Moreover, dysregulation of amino acid consumption is a significant potential regulatory mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity in immune cells. The normal functioning of immune cells relies on amino acid metabolic pathways to obtain energy and materials, and upon activation, they reprogram their metabolism to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Additionally, metabolic disorders of specific amino acids (such as branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, and arginine) can exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby promoting myocardial fibrosis and cardiac cell damage. Therefore, conducting research related to amino acid metabolism holds promise for discovering potential drugs for diseases related to cancer, immunity, and metabolism.

MCE can provide 200 kinds of metabolites of amino acid metabolic pathways, which can be used for drug screening in various diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, metabolic diseases, mitochondrial-targeted diseases

HY-L085

Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library

2,113 compounds

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Motor features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability are common traits of PD. To date, there is no treatment to stop or at least slow down the progression of the disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD is still elusive, however, a large body of evidence suggests a prominent role of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.

MCE offers a unique collection of 2,113 compounds with anti- Parkinson’s Disease activities or targeting the unique targets of PD. MCE Anti- Parkinson's Disease Compound Library is a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of PD and discovering new drugs for PD.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-125623

MitoPerOx

3 Publications Verification

Fluorescent Dyes

MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

HY-DY1073

MitoPerOx (solution)

Fluorescent Dyes

MitoPerOx (solution) is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state) , and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction) .
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 2 mM

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine

(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine

Fluorescent Dyes

L-Carnitine (GMP) is L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. L-Carnitine, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-119976

Boscalid

1 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-W251428

Phosphatidylglycerols (egg) sodium salt

Egg PG

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Phosphatidylglycerols (PG) is a selective inhibitor targeting the TLR4 accessory protein CD14/MD-2 complex, inhibiting LPS or virus (such as RSV)-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways through competitive binding. Phosphatidylglycerols directly bind to viral particles to block infection, inhibit COX-2 expression to reduce the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8), and improve oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial membrane phospholipid remodeling. Phosphatidylglycerols can be taken orally or by inhalation and can be used in the study of chronic inflammatory diseases (such as atherosclerosis) and respiratory viral infections (such as RSV) .

HY-134427

Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium 2 Publications Verification Palmitoyl CoA lithium	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium is an acyl-CoA thioester that can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system and is involved in β-oxidation. Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium can also be used as a substrate for sphingosine biosynthesis .

HY-W105518

L-Carnitine tartrate

Maximum Cited Publications

20 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-177204

DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW

Biochemical Assay Reagents

DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a polypeptide targeting tenascin-X (Tenascin-X) that can be conjugated with liposomes and exosomes. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW specifically binds to Tenascin-X on the surface of cardiomyocytes, mediates receptor-dependent uptake of nanocarriers, enhances targeted drug delivery of cargo to cardiomyocytes, and increases drug accumulation in cardiac tissue. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW protects cardiomyocytes treated with LPS, alleviates oxidative stress, repairs mitochondrial function, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis, and downregulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the same time. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW improves cardiac injury and pathological morphology in mice with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, restores GPX4 expression, and promotes the internalization of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes, making it suitable for related research on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions .

HY-W012550

D-Carnitine	Biochemical Assay Reagents
D-Carnitine is an orally available isomer of the essential nutrient L-carnitine that promotes long-chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. D-Carnitine has antiparasitic activity .

HY-137782

Palmitoleoyl-CoA	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Palmitoleoyl-CoA can be activated and transported into the mitochondria for metabolism, specifically for β-oxidation. Palmitoleoyl-CoA induces the cardiac mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Palmitoleoyl-CoA regulates metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK β1-isoforms .

HY-W012550R

D-Carnitine (Standard)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
D-Carnitine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Carnitine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Carnitine is an orally available isomer of the essential nutrient L-carnitine that promotes long-chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. D-Carnitine has antiparasitic activity .

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine

(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-W105518R

L-Carnitine tartrate (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

L-Carnitine (tartrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnitine (tartrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnitine tartrate is a highly polar, small zwitterion. L-Carnitine tartrate is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine tartrate functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine tartrate is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine tartrate can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism ^{[3] ^.}

HY-119976R

Boscalid (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-114118

Semaglutide Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118B

Semaglutide acetate Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide acetate is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide acetate promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide acetate also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide acetate has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide acetate can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118A

Semaglutide TFA Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P2048

MOTS-c (human) 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis GLUT AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P0119

Lixisenatide 2 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Akt MEK Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis .

HY-114118CP

Semaglutide (crude)	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide (crude) is the crude form of Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances Autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning .

HY-P1723

Spexin 2 Publications Verification Neuropeptide Q	Neuropeptide Y Receptor Apoptosis Ferroptosis Autophagy	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 binds to mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 improves mitochondrial metabolism by increasing respiration and biogenesis, reducing ROS, and decreasing mtDNA oxidation. SHLP2 also regulated energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease .

HY-P2048A

MOTS-c(human) acetate 1 Publications Verification	AMPK GLUT	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
MOTS-c (human) acetate is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) acetate inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) acetate has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders .

HY-P0119A

Lixisenatide acetate 2 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Akt MEK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis MMP	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Lixisenatide acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide acetate inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide acetate can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide acetate can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis .

HY-P1723A

Spexin TFA Neuropeptide Q TFA	Neuropeptide Y Receptor Apoptosis Ferroptosis Autophagy	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Spexin (Neuropeptide Q) TFA is a selective agonist of galanin receptors GAL2 and GAL3, and is a conserved peptide that functions as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor. Spexin TFA can function through both central and peripheral actions. Spexin TFA upregulates Beclin 1 to inhibit ferroptosis induced by excessive autophagy, reduces the uptake of long-chain fatty acids by adipocytes, and regulates energy metabolism by increasing lipid oxidation (e.g., reducing the respiratory exchange ratio in rodents). Spexin TFA improves cardiac function in the Doxorubicin hydrochloride (HY-15142)-induced cardiotoxicity model, protects mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Spexin TFA can be used to study obesity and its related metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardioprotection), and side effects of tumor chemotherapy .

HY-P0119S

Lixisenatide (Leu-13C6,15N) TFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Akt MEK Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Lixisenatide (Leu- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Lixisenatide (HY-P0119). Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis .

HY-P11638

Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 is a mitochondria-targeted iron chelator linked to a mitochondria-homing SS-peptide. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 protects human primary skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet A-induced oxidative damage to mitochondrial membranes, ATP depletion, and necrotic cell death. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both healthy and Friedreich's ataxia skin fibroblasts. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 can be used for the research of Friedreich's ataxia .

HY-P11638A

Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate is a mitochondria-targeted iron chelator linked to a mitochondria-homing SS-peptide. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate protects human primary skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet A-induced oxidative damage to mitochondrial membranes, ATP depletion, and necrotic cell death. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both healthy and Friedreich's ataxia skin fibroblasts. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate can be used for the research of Friedreich's ataxia .

HY-114118C

Semaglutide sodium	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide sodium is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide sodium promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide sodium also regulates *mitochondrial* function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide sodium has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide sodium can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0399

L-Carnitine 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Neurological Disease Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-N0148

Rutin Maximum Cited Publications 30 Publications Verification Rutoside; Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside	Flavonols Classification of Application Fields Plants Flavonoids other families Leguminosae Sunscreen Phenols Polyphenols Cosmetic Research Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Amyloid-β Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress .

HY-D0885

Phosphocreatine 3 Publications Verification Creatine phosphate; Creatinephosphoric acid	Animals Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase
Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-B1142

Lipoamide 5+ Cited Publications (±)-α-Lipoamide; DL-Lipoamide; DL-6,8-Thioctamide	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NO Synthase
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway .

HY-N0502

Mogroside V 5 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Cucurbitaceae Metabolic Disease Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang Plants Disease Research Fields Sweeteners Source Classification Food Research	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Mogroside V is a the major active constituent of a traditional Chinese medicine Siraitiae Fructus. Mogroside V reduces the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhances mitochondrial function. Mogroside V has anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Mogroside V can be used for diabetic diseases research .

HY-N0148A

Rutin hydrate Maximum Cited Publications 30 Publications Verification Rutoside hydrate; Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside hydrate	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Amyloid-β Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Rutin (Rutoside) hydrate is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin hydrate can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin hydrate attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress .

HY-N10574

Queuine 1 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bacterial
Queuine is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-D0885B

Phosphocreatine disodium 3 Publications Verification Disodium creatine phosphate	Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase
Phosphocreatine (disodium) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-N0535

(+)-Magnoflorine chloride 1 Publications Verification Magnoflorine chloride; α-Magnoflorine chloride; Thalictrine chloride	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Aristolochiaceae Infection Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids other families Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) chloride is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride promotes Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine chloride upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride	Alkaloids Structural Classification Other Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-126358

Acetylcarnitine	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Acetylcarnitine is a CNS-penetrant endogenous metabolite. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetylcarnitine attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Acetylcarnitine can be used for fatigue-associated diseases research. Acetylcarnitine can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma .

HY-Z0478

(-)-Limonene 1 Publications Verification (S)-(-)-Limonene	Cardiovascular Disease Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Rutaceae Plants Citrus Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Antibiotic CaMK
(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-)-Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca ²⁺) and Ca ²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-)-Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture .

HY-W013507

(rac)-Methyl jasmonate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Glutathione Peroxidase Phytohormone Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NF-κB Apoptosis
(rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities .

HY-113218

Acetyl-L-carnitine 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-N1441

Afzelin 5+ Cited Publications Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside	Flavonols Flavonoids Saururaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism PTEN Autophagy Bacterial
Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin .

HY-113166

Dodecanoylcarnitine 1 Publications Verification (-)-Lauroylcarnitine	Structural Classification Immune System Disorder Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dodecanoylcarnitine ((-)-Lauroylcarnitine) is a medium long-chain acylcarnitine, an intermediate product in key energy metabolic pathways of fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acids catabolism. The abnormal decrease in the Dodecanoylcarnitine levels indicats that mitochondrial fuel metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation is significantly disturbed. Changes in plasma concentrations of Dodecanoylcarnitine are not only associated with type II diabetes, but also with pre-diabetes status. Dodecanoylcarnitine is present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I/II deficiency, and is also associated with celiac disease. Dodecanoylcarnitine deomonstrates high sensitivities and specificities in predicting asthma. Combined model of Decanoylcarnitine (HY-113069), Dodecanoylcarnitine, PC (16:0/0:0), and Asp Arg Pro can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome .

HY-128483

Fusaric acid	Infection Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	TGF-beta/Smad PI3K NF-κB Akt Apoptosis Dopamine β-hydroxylase mTOR Adrenergic Receptor
Fusaric acid is an orally active multi-pathway inhibitor with the activity of inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fusaric acid can chelate divalent metal cations, damage mitochondrial membrane structure, and activate apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, -8, and -9. Fusaric acid also regulates Bax/Bcl-2 protein, inhibits fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β₁/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and reduces collagen deposition. Fusaric acid is also a dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, which reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the brain, heart, spleen, and adrenal glands. Fusaric acid can play a role in myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac hypertrophy in heart disease, and can also be used in the study of esophageal cancer and liver cancer .

HY-N7056

4'-Hydroxychalcone 3 Publications Verification	Chalcones Monophenols Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Phenols Plants Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteasome
4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone isolated from licorice root, with hepatoprotective activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation via proteasome inhibition. 4'-Hydroxychalcone induces a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles and causes deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria .

HY-107855

DL-Mevalonolactone 1 Publications Verification (±)-Mevalonolactone; Mevalolactone	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy . DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling ^[2][4].

HY-B2246

L-Carnitine hydrochloride 15+ Cited Publications (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine hydrochloride	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-W010201

Citronellol 2 Publications Verification (±)-Citronellol; (±)-β-Citronellol	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Marine natural products Plants Geraniaceae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ERK Atg8/LC3 TNF Receptor Apoptosis PI3K p62
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

HY-N12060

Ginkgo biloba extract	Structural Classification Natural Products Ginkgoaceae Plants Ginkgo biloba Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK
Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

HY-N0334

(+)-Magnoflorine Magnoflorine; α-Magnoflorine; Thalictrine	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Coptis chinensis Franch. Ranunculaceae Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-N0735

Phellodendrine chloride 2 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Autophagy Apoptosis AMPK mTOR STAT Interleukin Related PKC p38 MAPK NF-κB COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PI3K Akt MMP
Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

HY-N1487

Oleanonic acid 2 Publications Verification 3-Oxooleanolic acid	Triterpenes other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	HIV Autophagy Ferroptosis Amyloid-β
Oleanonic acid (3-Oxooleanolic acid) is an orally available triterpene that has anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. In vitro, oleanonic acid can improve oxidative stress, autophagy defects, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Amyloid-β, and in vivo, it can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy in rats .

HY-121222

alpha-Bisabolol	other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	PI3K Apoptosis
alpha-Bisabolol, an orally active sesquiterpene alcohol, induces cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. alpha-Bisabolol exerts a protective action against Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of NFκB activation. alpha-Bisabolol exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic and anticancer activities .

HY-N0617

Sanggenon C 2 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Moraceae Flavanonols Flavonoids Phenols Polyphenols Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Morus alba Linn. Source Classification	Phosphatase ERK NF-κB Apoptosis
Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities .

HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-N3383

Ligustroside Ligstroside	Monophenols Iridoids Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Oleaceae Terpenoids Phenols Plants Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Ligustroside (Ligstroside), a secoiridoid derivative, has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Ligustroside significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages .

HY-N0859

Schisanhenol Schizanhenol; Gomisin-K3	Structural Classification Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Lignans Phenols Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	UGT Cholinesterase (ChE) Tau Protein SOD Sirtuin
Schisanhenol (Schizanhenol), a lignan, is an orally active antioxidant. Schisanhenol reduces AChE activity, increases SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, and decreases phosphorylated Tau (Ser 396) levels. Schisanhenol increases SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and inhibits UGT2B7 activitY. Schisanhenol attenuates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Schisanhenol inhibits LDL oxidation, brain mitochondrial and membrane peroxidative damage, and brain mitochondrial swelling and disintegration. Schisanhenol can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, brain ischemia, and age-related brain deterioration .

HY-113201

Tetradecanoylcarnitine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Tetradecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain saturated fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism. Tetradecanoylcarnitine serves as a biomarker for very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and MPTP (HY-15608)-induced Parkinson's disease. Tetradecanoylcarnitine exhibits a characteristic significant elevation in plasma levels in patients with sarcopenia, including those complicated with hypertension, and this elevation is closely associated with an increased risk of death. Tetradecanoylcarnitine is widely used in research on the pathological mechanisms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and sarcopenia .

HY-N0148R

Rutin (Standard) Rutoside (Standard); Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (Standard)	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Source Classification	Reference Standards Amyloid-β Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Rutin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rutin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress .

HY-N0334A

(+)-Magnoflorine iodide 1 Publications Verification Magnoflorine iodide; α-Magnoflorine iodide; Thalictrine iodide	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Magnoliaceae Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Magnolia Liliflora Desr. Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) iodide is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-N0762

Isobavachin 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 UGT p38 MAPK NF-κB NO Synthase COX Fc Receptor (FcR) RANKL/RANK Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy
Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2 activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-121362

Evernic Acid	Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Endogenous Metabolite TrxR
Evernic Acid is an orally active thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor and antiproliferative agent. Evernic Acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. Evernic Acid blocks the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing downstream inflammatory mediators. Evernic Acid acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and neuroprotective agent, protects neurons from cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, reduces astrocyte activation, and ameliorates dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. Evernic Acid inhibits enoyl reductases FabI and FabZ of Plasmodium falciparum. Evernic Acid downregulates the expression of lasB and rhlA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and exerts antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Evernic Acid is applicable to research related to breast cancer, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections and fungal infections .

HY-113256

Linoleyl carnitine	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Endogenous Metabolite
Linoleyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine and metabolite. Linoleyl carnitine in the liver is negatively correlated with pantothenic acid and citric acid in serum. Linoleyl carnitine accumulates in mitochondrial CPT II deficiency .

HY-Y1366

Hydroxyacetone	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Arp2/3 Complex Apoptosis
Hydroxyacetone is a toxic compound. Hydroxyacetone can be isolated from e-cigarette aerosols. Hydroxyacetone reduces the activity of cellular Mitochondrial reductase (with an IC₅₀ of 5.53 mg/mL for mitochondrial reductase in BEAS-2B cells) and increases ROS levels. Hydroxyacetone induces mitochondrial stress and oxidative damage. Hydroxyacetone induces destabilization of F-actin. At high concentrations, Hydroxyacetone promotes cell rounding and Apoptotic body formation. Hydroxyacetone exerts toxic effects on cells including airway epithelial cells and possesses respiratory toxicity potential .\n

HY-P3003

Cereulide	Microorganisms Source Classification	Potassium Channel Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism
Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning .

HY-113285

Ureidopropionic acid 3-Ureidopropionic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Ureidopropionic acid (3-Ureidopropionic acid) is a selective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V inhibitor. Ureidopropionic acid induces the production of reactive oxygen species, delayed elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, secondary energy-dependent excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in neurons. Ureidopropionic acid promotes neuropathological changes by impairing mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity pathways. Ureidopropionic acid can be used in studies related to 3-ureidopropionase deficiency and severe propionic aciduria .

HY-N7719

Oosporein	Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Benzene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Fungal Parasite Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase HSV
Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity .

HY-N9182

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate Physalien	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Solanaceae Plants Lycium chinense Miller Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Adiponectin Receptor P2X Receptor Autophagy
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a wolfberry-derived carotenoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate directly interact with p2X7 receptor (K_d=81.2 nM) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1; K_d=533 nM) in a positive dose-dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial autophagy functions suppressed by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate can be used in the research of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) .

HY-B0927

Hydrastine (-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Ranunculaceae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields	Tyrosine Hydroxylase Dopamine Receptor OAT
Hydrastine ((-)-β-Hydrastine; (1R,9S)-β-Hydrastine) is a selective competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), inhibiting dopamine biosynthesis (IC₅₀=20.7 μM, PC12 cells). Hydrastine also inhibits the organic cation transporter OCT1 (IC₅₀=6.6 μM). Hydrastine may cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction rather than oxidative stress damage, and can aggravate cell apoptosis when combined with L-DOPA. Hydrastine can be used to study Parkinson's disease-related dopaminergic neuronal damage .

HY-N1677

2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone	Infection Quinones other families Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Benzene Quinones Plants Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Akt mTOR Bacterial Fungal AMPK
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a 1,4-benzoquinone derivative. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone promotes phosphorylation of AKT, S6K, mTOR, 4E-BP1, and AMPK, and attenuates mTORC1 activity as part of the AKT/mTOR pathway. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone stimulates myoblast differentiation, increases myotube size, elevates MHC protein expression, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and DNA content, and increases skeletal muscle weights, fiber size, grip strength, and treadmill performance. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimutagenic effects, inhibits adipogenic transcription factors, nitric oxide production, skin tumor development, Magnaporthe oryzae growth, spore germination, appressorium formation, and growth of select bacterial species, induces H₂O₂ generation and rice defense gene expression, and reduces rice blast lesion formation. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone can be used for the research of obesity, skin tumorigenesis, rice blast disease, and food-borne illness .

HY-D0885D

Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate 3 Publications Verification	Animals Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite MAP3K Akt Mitochondrial Metabolism ERK Apoptosis ROS Kinase
Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) Phosphocreatine (disodium hydrate) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. .

HY-115899

Malonyl CoA Malonyl coenzyme A	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Malonyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .

HY-114977

Avenanthramide A	Structural Classification Avena sativa Linn. Gramineae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Avenanthramide A is an orally active phytoalexin that targets the RNA helicase DDX3 with a K_D of 8.8 μM. Avenanthramide A induces mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and triggers apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production. Avenanthramide A can be used in research on colorectal cancer and atherosclerosis .

HY-I0501

2'-Aminoacetophenone o-aminoacetophenone	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Atg8/LC3 p62 Autophagy
2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle .

HY-N8210

Homoeriodictyol	Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Flavonones Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Autophagy Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Keap1-Nrf2 MMP Caspase PARP MDM-2/p53
Homoeriodictyol is an orally active, bitter-tasting flavanone that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Homoeriodictyol enhances synaptic-related protein expression through NCOA4-mediated ferritin autophagy. Homoeriodictyol improves memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Homoeriodictyol protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Homoeriodictyol enhances ROS activity and induces apoptosis, exhibiting anticancer effects. Homoeriodictyol inhibits the survival and migration of androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro. Homoeriodictyol exerts antinociceptive activity in mice in vivo .

HY-N2282

Zingiberen newsaponin Zingiberensis newsaponin	Cardiovascular Disease Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Dioscorea Zingiberensis C.H.Wright Plants Disease Research Fields Dioscoreaceae Source Classification	Aldose Reductase JAK STAT Autophagy Apoptosis NF-κB SOD Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Zingiberen Newsaponin (Zingiberensis newsaponin) is an orally active type of steroid saponin compound. Zingiberen Newsaponin exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effects by inhibiting autophagy and the AKR1C1/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Zingiberen Newsaponin activates oxidative stress (upregulates ROS and MDA) and mitochondrial pathways, promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Zingiberen Newsaponin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by decreasing the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB. Zingiberen Newsaponin can enhance the activity of SOD, eliminate free radicals and protect nerve cells. Zingiberen Newsaponin induces platelet aggregation .

HY-N0427

Phellodendrine	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Phenols Polyphenols Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Akt NF-κB AMPK mTOR PKC STAT Interleukin Related p38 MAPK COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy PI3K MMP
Phellodendrine is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-114118S3

Semaglutide-13C6,15N TFA

Semaglutide- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Semaglutide TFA (HY-114118A). Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-B0762S

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA

Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8

Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-B2246S

L-Carnitine-d9 chloride

1 Publications Verification

L-Carnitine-d₉ (chloride)e is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine chloride. L-Carnitine chloride, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine chloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine chloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine chloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-W747676

Glyphosate-13C

Glyphosate- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled Glyphosate (HY-B0863). Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-P3003S

Cereulide-13C6

Cereulide- ¹³C₆ is a deuterated form of Cereulide. Cereulide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable emetic toxin. Cereulide acts as a potassium ionophore that inserts into membranes, forms complexes with K ⁺, and transports K ⁺ from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix. Cereulide disrupts the electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, ROS accumulation, and ultimately triggering apoptosis and autophagy. Cereulide exhibits multi-organ toxicity and can be used for research on emetic food poisoning.

HY-B0762S1

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-Y1322S

Triphenyl phosphate-d15

Triphenyl phosphate-d₁₅ is the deuterium labeled Triphenyl phosphate. Triphenyl phosphate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable aryl organophosphate flame retardant and endocrine disruptor. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts mitochondrial dynamic balance through oxidative stress, induces excessive mitophagy and apoptosis, and ultimately leads to myocardial fibrosis. In the brain, Triphenyl phosphate activates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by disrupting the gut microbiota, alters tryptophan metabolism and elevates neurotoxins, thereby inducing anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In the skeletal and reproductive systems, Triphenyl phosphate inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces germ cell apoptosis by suppressing the MAPK/ERK pathway and activating the JNK signal, respectively. In adipose and placental tissues, Triphenyl phosphate promotes lipid accumulation by activating the PI3K/AKT-PPARγ axis, and disrupts placental metabolism via the MAOA/ROS/NF-κB cascade, impairing neurodevelopment of offspring.

HY-B0399S2

L-Carnitine-13C3

L-Carnitine- ¹³C₃ ((R)-Carnitine- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C--labeled L-Carnitine (HY-B0399). L-Carnitine ((R)-Carnitine), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-136355S

Picoxystrobin-d3
Picoxystrobin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Picoxystrobin (HY-136355). Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity .

HY-113410S

3-Methylglutaric acid-d4

3-Methylglutaric acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-B1914S

Tebufenpyrad-d3
Tebufenpyrad-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Tebufenpyrad (HY-B1914). Tebufenpyrad can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Tebufenpyrad induces dose-dependent cell death on N27 cells, with an EC₅₀ value of 3.98 μM .

HY-119976S

Boscalid-d4

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-B0926S

Diatrizoic acid-d6
Diatrizoic acid-d₆ (Diatrizoate-d₆; Amidotrizoic acid-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Diatrizoic acid (HY-B0926). Diatrizoic acid (Diatrizoate) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Diatrizoic acid induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium .

HY-W765177

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-114977S

Avenanthramide A-d4

Avenanthramide A-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Avenanthramide A (HY-114977). Avenanthramide A is an orally active phytoalexin that targets the RNA helicase DDX3 with a K_D of 8.8 μM. Avenanthramide A induces mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and triggers apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production. Avenanthramide A can be used in research on colorectal cancer and atherosclerosis .

HY-124410S

Mitoquinol-d15

Mitoquinol-d₁₅ is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol (HY-124410). Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs .

HY-W758421

Diquat-d8 dibromide

Diquat-d₈ dibromide is a deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds .

HY-W010201S

Citronellol-d6

Citronellol-d₆ is deuterated labeled Citronellol (HY-W010201). Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis ^.

HY-B0863S5

Glyphosate-13C,15N-1

Glyphosate- ¹³C, ¹⁵N-1 is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Glyphosate (HY-B0863). Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-P0119S

Lixisenatide (Leu-13C6,15N) TFA

Lixisenatide (Leu- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Lixisenatide (HY-P0119). Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis .

HY-107855S2

DL-Mevalonolactone-13C

DL-Mevalonolactone- ¹³C ((±)-Mevalonolactone- ¹³C) is the ¹³C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.

HY-107855S4

DL-Mevalonolactone-13C2

DL-Mevalonolactone- ¹³C₂ ((±)-Mevalonolactone- ¹³C₂) is the ¹³C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy . DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling ^[2][4].

HY-W752587

DL-Mevalonolactone-d4

DL-Mevalonolactone-d₄ ( (±)-Mevalonolactone-d₄) is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy . DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling .

HY-W754236

(R)-Carnitine Hydrochloride-13C3

(R)-Carnitine Hydrochloride- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B2246). L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-122984S1

Diquat-d12 dibromide 1

Diquat-d₁₂ dibromide 1 is the deuterium labeled Diquat dibromide (HY-122984). Diquat dibromide is a comprehensive herbicide. Diquat dibromide increases the production of ROS and triggers mitochondrial Autophagy. Diquat dibromide generates free radicals such as superoxide anions through redox cycles, which induce oxidative stress. Diquat dibromide is cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic. Diquat dibromide is used in cotton, soybean, and other crops to combat noxious weeds .

HY-W010201S1

Citronellol-d3

Citronellol-d₃ ( (±)-Citronelloll-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Citronellol (HY-W010201). Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride		Cationic Lipids
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-113166

Dodecanoylcarnitine 1 Publications Verification (-)-Lauroylcarnitine		Cationic Lipids
Dodecanoylcarnitine ((-)-Lauroylcarnitine) is a medium long-chain acylcarnitine, an intermediate product in key energy metabolic pathways of fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acids catabolism. The abnormal decrease in the Dodecanoylcarnitine levels indicats that mitochondrial fuel metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation is significantly disturbed. Changes in plasma concentrations of Dodecanoylcarnitine are not only associated with type II diabetes, but also with pre-diabetes status. Dodecanoylcarnitine is present in fatty acid oxidation disorders such as long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I/II deficiency, and is also associated with celiac disease. Dodecanoylcarnitine deomonstrates high sensitivities and specificities in predicting asthma. Combined model of Decanoylcarnitine (HY-113069), Dodecanoylcarnitine, PC (16:0/0:0), and Asp Arg Pro can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome .

HY-177204

DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW		Pegylated Lipids
DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a polypeptide targeting tenascin-X (Tenascin-X) that can be conjugated with liposomes and exosomes. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW specifically binds to Tenascin-X on the surface of cardiomyocytes, mediates receptor-dependent uptake of nanocarriers, enhances targeted drug delivery of cargo to cardiomyocytes, and increases drug accumulation in cardiac tissue. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW protects cardiomyocytes treated with LPS, alleviates oxidative stress, repairs mitochondrial function, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis, and downregulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the same time. DSPE-PEG2000-WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW improves cardiac injury and pathological morphology in mice with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, restores GPX4 expression, and promotes the internalization of cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes, making it suitable for related research on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions .

Targets Recommended: Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Mitophagy

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0399G

L-Carnitine (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-Carnitine (GMP) is L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. L-Carnitine, a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

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