Cancer Stem Cells

Trimebutine is a multi-target inhibitor and opioid receptor agonist with antimuscarinic activity. Trimebutine inhibits L-type Ca²⁺ channels and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK_Ca channels), thereby inhibiting extracellular calcium influx and potassium ion efflux. Trimebutine also targets Toll-like receptors, inhibits Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signals, and inhibits LPS-induced IRAK1 activation, as well as ERK1/2, JNK and NF-κB activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Trimebutine also induces tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT/ERK pathway. Trimebutine also inhibits excessive contraction of smooth muscle and can be used in the study of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

ZW4864 (free base) is an orally active and selective β catenin/B-Cell lymphoma 9 protein protein interaction (β catenin/BCL9 PPI) inhibitor. ZW4864 (free base) inhibits β catenin/BCL9 PPI with a K_i value of 0.76 μM and an IC₅₀ value of 0.87 μM.

Alpelisib (BYL-719) hydrochloride is an orally active PI3Kα-selective inhibitor that blocks the conversion of PIP2 to PIP3, thereby inhibiting pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, Notch and JAK-STAT. Alpelisib hydrochloride also induces apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest and senescence; it significantly inhibits the proliferation, self-renewal, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, reduces cancer stem cell populations and decreases the expression of stem cell markers. Alpelisib hydrochloride not only enhances the sensitivity to Eribulin (HY-13442) and exerts a synergistic effect with Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), but may also induce drug resistance by upregulating the SGK3/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Alpelisib hydrochloride can be applied to research related to breast cancer, gastric cancer and lipomas associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.

Tizaterkib (AZD0364) is a potent and selective ERK2 inhibitor extracted from patent WO2017080979A1, compound example 18, has an IC₅₀ of 0.6 nM.

iHSP110-33 is an inhibitor for heat shock protein 110 (HSP110). iHSP110-33 exhibits antitumor efficacy agaisnt large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. iHSP110-33 shows a synergistic effect with Selinexor (HY-17536), inhibits the STAT6 phosphorylation, and enhances its antitumor activity..

DTP3 TFA is a potent and selective GADD45β/MKK7 inhibitor. DTP3 TFA targets an essential, cancer-selective cell-survival module downstream of the NF-κB pathway.

Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is an orally active compound with anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. Fluorofenidone downregulates the expression of ACSL4, upregulates GPX4 expression and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate inflammation and fibrosis. Fluorofenidone ameliorates cholestasis and fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic Erk/-Egr-1 signaling and Tgfβ1/Smad pathway in mice. Fluorofenidone demonstrates protective effects against chronic lung injury in mice. Fluorofenidone can be used for the study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (PIF) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Zotiraciclib (TG02; SB1317) is an orally active JAK2/FLT3/CDK2 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 13 nM, 73 nM and 56 nM, respectively. Zotiraciclib inhibits cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth and the activity of CYP2D6. Zotiraciclib exhibits high plasma protein binding rate, Caco-2 permeability and tissue distribution capacity, as well as metabolic stability in human and canine liver microsomes. Zotiraciclib achieves tumor growth inhibition in nude mouse models of colon cancer and lymphoma xenografts. Zotiraciclib can be used for research related to colon cancer, B-cell lymphoma, advanced leukemia, acute leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Burixafor (TG-0054) hydrobromide is a potent CXCR4 antagonist with a pIC₅₀ of 7.4. Burixafor hydrobromide inhibits the binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4, antagonizes CXCL12-induced recruitment of Gαᵢ and β-arrestin2, and blocks the downstream Gαᵢ-mediated inhibitory effect on cAMP signal transduction. Burixafor hydrobromide mobilizes CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood. Burixafor hydrobromide can be used for research on autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Lazertinib (YH25448; GNS-1480) mesylate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as well as an ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor and a TRPA1 activator. Lazertinib mesylate exhibits IC₅₀ values of 0.4 mM and 0.2 mM against human ABCB1 and ABCG2, respectively. By inhibiting mutant EGFR signaling, EGFR phosphorylation and the downstream ERK/AKT pathway, as well as upregulating surface expression of EGFR/MET, Lazertinib mesylate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, spontaneous calcium responses, hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and TRPA1-dependent pain-like behaviors. Lazertinib mesylate competitively binds to the substrate-binding sites of ABCB1/ABCG2, stimulates their ATPase activity without altering their expression or plasma membrane localization, thereby enhancing ADCC activity, acting as a chemosensitizer, and reversing ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. It exerts antitumor activity as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. Lazertinib mesylate is applicable to research related to non-small cell lung cancer, multidrug-resistant cancers, and paresthesia.

Tepoditamab (MCLA-117) is a full-length human IgG1 bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds to CLEC12A of myeloid cells and CD3 of cytotoxic T cells. Among others, CLEC12A is a myeloid differentiation antigen. Tepoditamab kills AML leukaemia mother cells and AML leukaemia stem cells, induces T cell-mediated proliferative lysis of AML cells. Tepoditamab induces upto 30-fold T-cell expansion. Tepoditamab results in moderate to strong cytokine (IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα) and IFNγ release in human whole blood and PBMC, respectively. Tepoditamab can be used in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) research.

NRX-1532 is a small molecule enhancer of β-catenin:β-TrCP interaction.

Trabedersen (AP 12009) is an orally active synthetic antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide that selectively targets human TGFβ2 mRNA. Trabedersen blocks TGFβ2 protein production, enters the nucleus without a transfection vector, and exerts dose-dependent antitumor effects. By reversing TGFβ2-induced immunosuppression and enhancing immune cytotoxicity, Trabedersen exhibits significant antiproliferative, antimigratory, and antimetastatic activities, with favorable safety profiles. Trabedersen is widely used in research related to various solid tumors, including anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, colorectal tumor, and melanoma.

Tinlorafenib (PF-07284890) is the orally active inhibitor for BRAF and CRAF with IC₅₀s of 5.8 nM and 4.1 nM. Tinlorafenib (Compound 10) inhibits V600E mutated BRAF and V600K mutanted BRAF with IC₅₀s of 4.25 nM and 2.7 nM. Tinlorafenib can cross the blood brain barrier. Tinlorafenib demonstrates CNS penetration and can be used in the research of BRAF-associated malignant and benign tumors of the CNS as well as extracranial malignancies.

Fimosudil (ROCK2-IN-6) hydrochloride (Comp A) is a selective ROCK2 inhibitor, can be used for ROCK mediated diseases, autoimmune diseases and inflammation research.

PKG inhibitor peptide is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), with a K_i of 86 μM.

MT-125 free base is a specific and well-tolerated inhibitor of non-muscle myosin IIA (K_i,NMIIA = 2.7 μM) and IIB (EC₅₀ = 1.7 μM). MT-125 free base can pass through the blood-brain barrier. MT-125 free base induces ferroptosis and DNA damage by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumor cells. MT-125 free base can enhance the PDGFR signaling pathway. MT-125 free base can be used for research on glioblastoma.

Deltonin, a steroidal saponin, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, has antitumor activity; Deltonin inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT activation.

JK184 is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 30 nM in mammalian cells.

Coptisine Sulfate is an orally active and brain-penetrant alkaloid found in Coptis chinensis. Coptisine Sulfate is a reversible, uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a K_i of 5.8 μM and an IC₅₀ of 6.3 μM. Coptisine Sulfate suppresses neuroinflammation, reduces Aβ plaque burden and shows neuroprotective activity. Coptisine Sulfate shows anti-inflammation activity by blocking NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits cancer cells proliferation, induces DNA damage, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Coptisine Sulfate inhibits Rho/ROCK pathway activation, reduces arrhythmia, limits cardiac injury marker release, reduces infarct size, and preserves cardiac function in rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models. Coptisine Sulfate downregulates HMGCR and upregulates LDLR and CYP7A1 to modulate cholesterol metabolism, reduces abnormal serum lipid levels, and promotes fecal bile acid excretion. Coptisine Sulfate be used for the research of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease.