Raleukin
Based on 54 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Raleukin (AMG-719) is a recombinant, nonglycosylated human interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist. Raleukin significantly reduces neutrophil accumulation in blood vessels and brain infarct volume as well as improves motor coordination performance in ischemic stroke mice model. Anakinra can be used to study chronic inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular recurrence post-myocardial infarction.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: ≥99.4%
- CAS No.: 143090-92-0
- Formula: C759H1186N208O232S10
- Molecular Weight:17.3 kDa
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Raleukin
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 24;10(1):417. [Abstract]
- Circulation. 2021 Sep 14;144(11):893-908. [Abstract]
- Nat Nanotechnol. 2024 Mar;19(3):387-398. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2024 Jan 2;36(1):90-102.e7. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2026 Jun;27(6):1130-1144. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Jul 16. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2025 Apr 7. [Abstract]
- Nat Aging. 2025 Aug;5(8):1568-1588. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Apr 20;17(1):4724. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 22;15(1):9101. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 31;14(1):4600. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Mar;13(14):e12532. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun 25:e03722. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb 4:e2412574. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025 Jan 21;44(1):20. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadw1553. [Abstract]
- Int J Oral Sci. 2025 May 26;17(1):41. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Sep 14;21(1):223. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Jun 11;15(6):407. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2017 Nov 16;8(11):e3170. [Abstract]
- Small Methods. 2023 Jun;7(6):e2201300. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Apr:354:151400. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jun 17;23(1):660. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 May:161:114560. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2026 Apr 1:394:127741. [Abstract]
- J Natl Cancer Inst. 2024 Dec 11:djae329. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2023 Aug 10;9(1):293. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Apr 24;44(5):115631. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2022 Jan 25;38(4):110284. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 May 28;81(1):240. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2022 Dec 8;7(23):e157285. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2022 Aug 5;13:963582. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Aug 17:116496. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jan 12:147:114016. [Abstract]
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022 Jul 8;63(8):15. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Jul;61(7):4289-4303. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Oct 14;28(11):113758. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Neurosci. 2024 Sep 18;15(18):3298-3310. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2021 Nov:87:110141. [Abstract]
- J Immunol. 2022 Aug 15;209(4):783-795. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2023 Jun:281:109730. [Abstract]
- Exp Eye Res. 2023 Feb:227:109391. [Abstract]
- J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2025 Apr;18(2):221-236. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Nov 19:790:152908. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Dec 23:2025.12.20.694725. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 04.
- University of Minnesota. 2024 April.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Jan 31.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Dec 7.
- SSRN. 2023 Oct 11.
- SSRN. 2023 May 1.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Mar 23.
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In Vivo Imaging
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In Vivo Imaging
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RT-PCR
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Flow Cytometry
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IF
Biological Activity
Human
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IL-1 |
Raleukin (AMG-719) enhances tumor growth inhibition in mice receiving peptide vaccination and β-(1-3),(1-6)-D-glucan[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Unconjugated
The product can be reconstituted/diluted with sterile PBS or saline.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 143090-92-0
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Appearance Liquid
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Molecular Weight 17.3 kDa
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Formula C759H1186N208O232S10
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
[Raleukin]
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Synonyms
Kineret; Anakinra
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Formulation
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications (54)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Lipocalin-2 drives brain metastatic progression through reciprocal tumor-microenvironment interactions in lung cancer. [Abstract]2025 Dec 24;10(1):417. PMID: 41436606
Raleukin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 24;10(1):417. [Abstract]
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) on days 0, 5, and 10 posttreatment in BM-bearing mice. The treatment groups included vehicle, Raleukin (Anakinra) (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, daily), SH4-54 (10 mg/kg every 3 days), and anakinra + SH4-54.
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Circulation
Interleukin-1α Is a Central Regulator of Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesion in Myocardial Infarction and in Chronic Kidney Disease. [Abstract]2021 Sep 14;144(11):893-908. PMID: 34192892
Raleukin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Circulation. 2021 Sep 14;144(11):893-908. [Abstract]
Adhesion of DiI-labeled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with TNF-α (18 hours), LPS (18 hours), LPS plus OA (18 hours for LPS priming, 4 hours), or LPS plus oxalate (18 hours for LPS priming, 4 hours) to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) as determined by fluorescence microscopy (n=3 per group) in the presence of an anti-IL-1α blocking antibody (1 µg/mL) incubated with PBMCs or an anti-IL-1R1 blocking antibody (Raleukin, 500 ng/mL) incubated with HAECs (10 µg/mL) or an isotype control.
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Nat Nanotechnol
2024 Mar;19(3):387-398. PMID: 38052943
Raleukin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Nanotechnol. 2024 Mar;19(3):387-398. [Abstract]
Effect of IL-1 receptor blockage (IL-1RA, Raleukin) (50 mg/kg, daily) on the lineage shifts of haematopoietic progenitor cells due to administration of OMVs: schematic illustration of the experimental schedule and grouping information (c); frequency of LSKs in Lin-cells, ST-HSCs and MPPs in LSKs as determined by flow cytometry.
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Cell Metab
2024 Jan 2;36(1):90-102.e7. PMID: 38171340 -
Nat Immunol
A glycan-based adjuvant expands the breadth and duration of protection of mRNA-based vaccines. [Abstract]2026 Jun;27(6):1130-1144. PMID: 42174265 -
Cancer Commun (Lond)
Targeting SPHK1 in macrophages remodels the tumor microenvironment and enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 16. PMID: 40665874
Raleukin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Jul 16. [Abstract]
Representative images and quantification of liver lesions in BALB/c mice intrasplenically injected with CT26 following AAV-SPHK1 or Anakinra (Raleukin) (500 µg; intraperitoneal injection on days 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16) treatment.
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Cell Mol Immunol
The intrinsic expression of NLRP3 in Th17 cells promotes their protumor activity and conversion into Tregs. [Abstract]2025 Apr 7. PMID: 40195474
Raleukin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Immunol. 2025 Apr 7. [Abstract]
Ifnγ relative expression (n=3) in Th17 cells differentiated from CD4 Nlrp3-/- mice and their littermate (Lit) controls treated with CASPASE-1 inhibitor (ZYVAD), CASPASE-8 inhibitor (ZIETD), inflammasome inhibitor (MCC950), or Anakinra (Anak) (Raleukin) (300 nM).
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Nat Aging
2025 Aug;5(8):1568-1588. PMID: 40646305 -
Nat Commun
Chemotherapy-induced activation of caspase-1 and IL-1α release by cancer cells remotely skews myelopoiesis to drive pro tumorigenic systemic neutrophil-dominant inflammation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 20;17(1):4724. PMID: 42009646 -
Nat Commun
IL-1β-induced epithelial cell and fibroblast transdifferentiation promotes neutrophil recruitment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. [Abstract]2024 Oct 22;15(1):9101. PMID: 39438439 -
Nat Commun
Schwann cells regulate tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment. [Abstract]2023 Jul 31;14(1):4600. PMID: 37524695 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
NAD+-Dependent Enzyme SIRT3 Limits Intestinal Epithelial Cell Functions Through NAD+ Synthesis Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]2026 Mar;13(14):e12532. PMID: 41487042 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Neutrophil Mobilization Triggers Microglial Functional Change to Exacerbate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2025 Jun 25:e03722. PMID: 40557450 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Radiotherapy-Associated Cellular Senescence and EMT Alterations Contribute to Distinct Disease Relapse Patterns in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Feb 4:e2412574. PMID: 39903771 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
TREM2 promotes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jan 21;44(1):20. PMID: 39838454 -
Sci Adv
Transition of cellular senescence to pyroptosis mediates recurrence of small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadw1553. PMID: 40644541 -
Int J Oral Sci
Osteomodulin modulates the inflammatory responses via the interleukin-1 receptor 1/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in dental pulpitis. [Abstract]2025 May 26;17(1):41. PMID: 40414936 -
J Neuroinflammation
Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cochlear macrophages protects against hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media. [Abstract]2024 Sep 14;21(1):223. PMID: 39277762 -
Cell Death Dis
ER-mitochondria association negatively affects wound healing by regulating NLRP3 activation. [Abstract]2024 Jun 11;15(6):407. PMID: 38862500 -
Cell Death Dis
Ly6G+ neutrophil-derived miR-223 inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in mitochondrial DAMP-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]2017 Nov 16;8(11):e3170. PMID: 29144508 -
Small Methods
Electrical Sympathetic Neuromodulation Protects Bone Marrow Niche and Drives Hematopoietic Regeneration during Chemotherapy. [Abstract]2023 Jun;7(6):e2201300. PMID: 36843214 -
Cell Commun Signal
2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. PMID: 40217343 -
Int J Biol Macromol
The repairing effects and mechanism of selenium-modified Bletilla striata polysaccharides on UVB-damaged skin: Based on animal experiments and biochemical analyses. [Abstract]2026 Apr:354:151400. PMID: 41825665 -
Cancer Immunol Res
NET-Triggered NLRP3 Activation and IL18 Release Drive Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. [Abstract]2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. PMID: 36255412 -
J Transl Med
Interleukin-1β mediates a tumor-supporting environment prompted by IGF1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). [Abstract]2025 Jun 17;23(1):660. PMID: 40528195 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Inhibition of autophagy in macrophage promotes IL-1β-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inflammasome accumulation and self-recruitment. [Abstract]2023 May:161:114560. PMID: 36940618 -
Environ Pollut
Trichloroethylene induces cardiomyocyte senescence through an AhR-ROS-IL-1 axis and amplified by Wnt/β-catenin suppression. [Abstract]2026 Apr 1:394:127741. PMID: 41643984 -
J Natl Cancer Inst
Impact of radiotherapy dose, fractionation and immunotherapeutic partner in a mouse model of HR+ mammary carcinogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Dec 11:djae329. PMID: 39661487 -
Cell Death Discov
Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and Interleukin-1 receptor prevent SARS-CoV-2 mediated kidney injury. [Abstract]2023 Aug 10;9(1):293. PMID: 37563112 -
Cell Rep
Myeloid-lineage-specific membrane protein LRRC25 suppresses immunity in solid tumor and is a potential cancer immunotherapy checkpoint target. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24;44(5):115631. PMID: 40279244 -
Cell Rep
Macrophages activated by hepatitis B virus have distinct metabolic profiles and suppress the virus via IL-1β to downregulate PPARα and FOXO3. [Abstract]2022 Jan 25;38(4):110284. PMID: 35081341 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Disruption of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by dysregulated claudin-8 and claudin-4: uncovered mechanisms in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. [Abstract]2024 May 28;81(1):240. PMID: 38806818 -
JCI Insight
Macrophage secretory IL-1β promotes docetaxel resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma via SOD2/CAT-ICAM1 signaling. [Abstract]2022 Dec 8;7(23):e157285. PMID: 36264639 -
Front Immunol
Inhibition of IL1R1 or CASP4 attenuates spinal cord injury through ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. [Abstract]2022 Aug 5;13:963582. PMID: 35990672 -
Biochem Pharmacol
NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the development of the pro-fibrotic phenotype of lung fibroblasts. [Abstract]2024 Aug 17:116496. PMID: 39159876 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Inhibition of NETs prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by attenuating IL-18-IFN-γ-Cx43 axis induced cardiac conduction abnormalities. [Abstract]2025 Jan 12:147:114016. PMID: 39805175 -
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
The NLRP3 Activation in Infiltrating Macrophages Contributes to Corneal Fibrosis by Inducing TGF-β1 Expression in the Corneal Epithelium. [Abstract]2022 Jul 8;63(8):15. PMID: 35838447 -
Mol Neurobiol
Conditional Knockout of IL-1R1 in Endothelial Cells Attenuates Seizures and Neurodegeneration via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation Mediated by Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 Signaling in Status Epilepticus Model. [Abstract]2024 Jul;61(7):4289-4303. PMID: 38087170 -
iScience
Interleukin-38 is a negative regulator of trained immunity-A retrospective multi-omics study. [Abstract]2025 Oct 14;28(11):113758. PMID: 41280669 -
ACS Chem Neurosci
Repurposing Anakinra for Alzheimer's Disease: The In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Anakinra on LPS- and AC-Induced Neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2024 Sep 18;15(18):3298-3310. PMID: 39213521 -
Cell Signal
Interleukin-18 accelerates cardiac inflammation and dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion injury by transcriptional activation of CXCL16. [Abstract]2021 Nov:87:110141. PMID: 34487815 -
J Immunol
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Neutrophil as Orchestrator during β-Glucan-Induced Trained Immunity in a Teleost Fish. [Abstract]2022 Aug 15;209(4):783-795. PMID: 35896333 -
Vet Microbiol
PRRSV-induced inflammation in pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) contributes to endothelial barrier function injury. [Abstract]2023 Jun:281:109730. PMID: 37068404 -
Exp Eye Res
2023 Feb:227:109391. PMID: 36696946 -
J Cardiovasc Transl Res
Bufalin Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Macrophage Pyroptosis via P62 Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Apr;18(2):221-236. PMID: 39733202 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2025 Nov 19:790:152908. PMID: 41187432 -
bioRxiv
Vitreous Inflammation as an Early Indicator of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Following Acute Optic Nerve Injury in Mice. [Abstract]2025 Dec 23:2025.12.20.694725. PMID: 41497584 -
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Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (261 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Inhibitory Antibodies User Guide (603 KB)
References
[1]. Cvetkovic RS, et al. Anakinra. BioDrugs. 2002;16(4):303-11; discussion 313-4. [Content Brief]
[2]. Huang X, et al. Microglial IL-1RA ameliorates brain injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting astrocytic CXCL1-mediated neutrophil recruitment and microvessel occlusion. Glia. 2023 Jul;71(7):1607-1625. [Content Brief]
[3]. McCall M, et al. Anakinra potentiates the protective effects of etanercept in transplantation of marginal mass human islets in immunodeficient mice. Am J Transplant. 2012 Feb;12(2):322-9. [Content Brief]
[4]. Harnack U, et al. IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra enhances tumour growth inhibition in mice receiving peptide vaccination and beta-(1-3),(1-6)-D-glucan. Anticancer Res. 2010 Oct;30(10):3959-65. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)