CD19

CD19 is a B cell coreceptor expressed from early pre-B cell stages through mature B cells but lost upon plasma cell differentiation. Together with CD21, CD81, and CD225, it forms a signalosome that lowers the threshold for B cell receptor signaling by recruiting PI3K. As the most broadly expressed marker of the B lineage, CD19 is the leading target for CAR-T therapies such as tisagenlecleucel in B cell leukemias and lymphomas. Patients lacking functional CD19 show markedly impaired antibody responses, underscoring its central role in humoral immunity. Structurally, its extracellular region carries two C2-type Ig-like domains that help organize B cell receptor microclusters.