Propanil (Standard)

[1]. Sheil JM, et al. Propanil exposure induces delayed but sustained abrogation of cell-mediated immunity through direct interference with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effectors. Environmental health perspectives. 2006 Jul;114(7):1059-64.

[2]. Corsini E, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of the herbicide propanil on cytokine production in humans: In vivo and in vitro exposure. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2007 Jul 15;222(2):202-10.

[3]. McMillan DC, et al. Propanil-induced methemoglobinemia and hemoglobin binding in the rat. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 1990 Sep 15;105(3):503-7.

[4]. Salazar KD, et al. Evidence for a novel endocrine disruptor: the pesticide propanil requires the ovaries and steroid synthesis to enhance humoral immunity. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2006 Sep;93(1):62-74.

[5]. Xie YC, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of the herbicide propanil on murine macrophage interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 1997 Jul;145(1):184-91.

[6]. Zhao W, et al. Propanil affects transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 expression in activated EL-4 cells. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 1999 Jan 15;154(2):153-9.

[7]. Hong T, et al. Propanil impairs organ development in zebrafish by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Journal of hazardous materials. 2024 Dec 05;480:136364.

[8]. Blyler G, et al. Selective myelotoxicity of propanil. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 1994 May;22(4):505-10.

[9]. Otuechere CA, et al. Pterocarpus mildbraedii (Harms) extract resolves propanil-induced hepatic injury via repression of inflammatory stress responses in Wistar rats. Journal of food biochemistry. 2020 Dec;44(12):e13506.