Colitis

Dextran sulfate, high sulfate (MW 5000) is a type of dextran sulfate with a high degree of sulfation. Dextran sulfate sodium can be used to induce ulcerative colitis models, and the greater the total number of sulfur atoms, the stronger the induced toxic effect. Dextran sulfate has certain antibacterial activity, and can form the ionic cross-linking core of nanoparticles together with chitosan, serving as a highly efficient dressing material to accelerate wound healing.

SM19712 free acid is an orally active, selective endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor. SM19712 free acid inhibits conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1. SM19712 free acid attenuates colonic angiogenesis, tissue injury, inflammation, without altering colon shortening or myeloperoxidase levels in mice. SM19712 free acid can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease (colitis), ischemic acute renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

CAY10397 is a selective and orally active 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitor. CAY10397 can inhibit 15-PGDH-dependent endogenous metabolite production. CAY10397 blocks the selenium-dependent protective in inflammation. CAY10397 can be used for the research of colitis.

BD-AcAc2 (R,S-1,3-Butanediol acetoacetate diester) is an orally active, CNS-penetrant antiepileptic agent. BD-AcAc2 inhibits NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1/3, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and enhances autophagy. BD-AcAc2 exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels, and alleviates oxidative stress. BD-AcAc2 mitigates chronic colitis, counteracts Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced pathology, protects against central nervous system oxygen toxicity and acute lung injury, and exhibits anti-seizure efficacy. BD-AcAc2 can be used for the research of colitis, sarcopenia, acute lung injury, seizure, and obesity.

Sodium acetate trihydrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard (Sodium acetate trihydrate (Pharmaceutical primary standard, USP)) is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Sodium acetate trihydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Sodium acetate trihydrate exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Sodium acetate trihydrate regulates energy metabolism. Sodium acetate trihydrate has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Sodium acetate trihydrate induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain.

Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 (Standard) (Bioban-C, meets analytical specification of E282 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 (HY-B1580A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 is a calcium salt of Propionic acid with oral activity, which can be hydrolyzed into propionate and calcium ions. Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 elevates intracellular ROS levels in tumor cells, depletes GSH, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby induces tumor cell apoptosis. In mouse colitis models, Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 modulates inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, calprotectin, and Pglyrp3, ameliorating intestinal inflammation and metabolic disorders. In ruminants, Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 serves as a gluconeogenic precursor, regulating rumen fermentation and microbial diversity; in high-fat diet rats, it alters gut microbiota composition and affects blood biochemical parameters. Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 is commonly used as a food and feed additive, and is also used in research related to hypocalcemia, dyslipidemia, colitis, and lung cancer.

NPC-18915 free base is a neutrophil activation inhibitor. NPC-18915 free base inhibits CD11b/CD18-mediated neutrophil adhesion. NPC-18915 free base induces shedding of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface, thereby reducing endothelial cell adhesion. NPC-18915 free base inhibits calcium ionophore-induced LTB₄ synthesis in neutrophils. NPC-18915 free base reduces the severity of TNBS-induced acute and recurrent colitis in rat experiments. NPC-18915 free base can be used in studies related to colitis.

Pseudoginsenoside RT4 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be isolated from Panax pseudoginseng subsp. Himalaicus, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv, and Panax quinquefolius L. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, elevates the level of IL-10, improves the histopathological features of colon tissue, maintains the ultrastructure of colonic epithelium, protects the integrity of cell monolayers, increases the expression of tight junction proteins, raises the total content of short-chain fatty acids, corrects intestinal flora disorder, reduces the disease activity index score, restores colon length, and decreases the spleen index. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 exhibits hepatoprotective effects. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be used in studies related to ulcerative colitis.

C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) (C14-A-iE-LAN-G) is a NOD1 agonist and immunomodulator. C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) promotes IL-10 production in cells. C14-Ala-D-Glu-(γ-meso)-LAN-Gly (OH) is applicable to research related to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis.

CEL383 is a human monoclonal antibody targeting TREM1. CEL383 blocks the TREM1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating inflammation and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators. CEL383 can be used in research related to inflammatory bowel disease.

Plumericin is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial agent. Plumericin reduces Apoptosis, promotes Nrf-2 and inhibits NF-κB and AhR activation, blocks STAT3 signaling. Plumericin inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Plumericin can be used for the research of chronic kidney disease, vascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, peritonitis, and tuberculosis.

4A-MPLA ammonium is an orally active TLR4 agonist. 4A-MPLA ammonium induces TLR4 endocytosis dependent on Cdc42 and galectin-3, triggering TRIF-mediated signaling and sustained IFN-β production. 4A-MPLA ammonium promotes lipid droplet formation, upregulates interferon-stimulated genes and type I IFN signaling genes, downregulates lysosome/phagosome function genes, and modulates tolerogenic dendritic cell function. 4A-MPLA ammonium can be used for the research of colitis.

Maresin 2-d₅ is the d₅-labeled Maresin 2 (HY-119684). Maresin 2 is an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator. Maresin 2 drives intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating the focal cell-matrix adhesion signaling pathway in primary human intestinal epithelial cells, thereby promoting mucosal wound repair. Maresin 2 alleviates nociceptive and anxiety-like behaviors in rats with type 1 diabetes by inhibiting IL-1β in the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex. Maresin 2 attenuates allergic airway inflammation in mice by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Th2-type immune responses, and oxidative stress. Maresin 2 inhibits inflammatory and neuropathic trigeminal neuralgia and reduces neuronal activation in the trigeminal ganglion. Maresin 2 promotes inflammation resolution and mucosal repair after DSS-induced colitis or biopsy-induced colonic mucosal injury.