Gramicidin S
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic that selectively targets bacterial cell membranes and has anticancer activity. Gramicidin S also exerts antibacterial activity by destroying membrane integrity and interfering with membrane protein function. Gramicidin S inserts into the phospholipid bilayer through hydrophobic amino acid residues, specifically binds to negatively charged membrane lipids and disrupts membrane structure, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell wall synthesis, and ultimately causing bacterial death. Gramicidin S also inhibits ion channels, with IC50s of 41 μM, 24 μM, and 3 μM for Na+/K+-ATPase, tobacco leaf plasma membrane Mg2+/K+-ATPase, and rat heart plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, respectively.
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- Reinheit: 99.89%
- CAS. Nr.: 113-73-5
- Formel: C60H92N12O10
- Molecular Weight:1141.45
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Speicherung:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biologische Aktivität
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Chemical Information
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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- Reinheit & Dokumentation
- Verweise
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Gramicidin S
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Biologische Aktivität
Beschreibung
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| Erythrocyte | EC50 |
11.7 μM
Compound: GS
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Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 4 hrs by twofold dilution assay
Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as hemolysis after 4 hrs by twofold dilution assay
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[PMID: 19674904] |
| Erythrocyte | ED50 |
5 μM
Compound: GS
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Hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes
Hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes
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10.1039/C1MD00081K |
In Vitro
In the membrane protein localization experiment, Gramicidin S (1 μM; 10 min) causes the localization disorder of the peripheral membrane proteins MinD, DivIVA and PlsX of Bacillus subtilis, among which PlsX completely lost its membrane binding ability[1].
In the cell viability experiment, Gramicidin S (1 μM; 30 min) significantly reduces the viability of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, causing about 70% cell death by destroying the cell membrane integrity and inducing lipid phase separation[1].
Gramicidin S has nematicidal activity with IC50=0.08 μM (Bursaphelenchus lignicolus) and inhibits Escherichia coli with IC50=3.5 μM[1].
Gramicidin S (1 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL; 9 h) can induce fluid lipid domains independently of the MreB cytoskeleton, leading to the delocalization of peripheral membrane proteins (such as MurG involved in cell wall synthesis)[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Escherichia coli
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Concentration:1 μM
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Incubation Time:30 min
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Result:Significantly reduced cell viability, with a 70% decrease in viable cell count compared to the control group.
Disrupted the bacterial membrane by inserting hydrophobic residues into the phospholipid bilayer, inducing lipid phase separation and fluid membrane microdomain formation, which ultimately led to membrane permeability loss and cell death.
In Vivo
Gramicidin S (20-50 μg/mouse/day; intraperitoneal injection; daily; 16 days) shows a 60% tumor inhibition rate in BALB/c mice subcutaneously implanted with Meth A fibrosarcoma at the high dose (50 μg/mouse/day) after 16 days, while low-dose treatment exhibits weaker inhibition[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Female ICR mice (8 weeks old,) subcutaneously implanted with Sarcoma 180 (S180)[3]
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Dosage:0 (control), 20 μg/mouse/day, 200 μg/mouse/day (dissolved in ethanol and diluted with Dulbecco's PBS)
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection daily for 21 days starting from day 1 after tumor inoculation
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Result:On day 21, the high-dose group (200 μg/mouse/day) showed a 60% tumor growth inhibition rate, with a slight increase in body weight, similar to the control group.
No significant difference in survival rate was observed among groups, with 6/8 mice surviving in both the high-dose and control groups.
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 113-73-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 1141.45
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Formel C60H92N12O10
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
Gramicidin soviet
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Sequence
cyclo(Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro)2
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Sequence Shortening
cyclo(VOLDFP)2
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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ACS Synth Biol
Combinatorial Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Libraries Using the SEAM-Combi-OGAB Method. [Abstract]2025 Feb 21;14(2):520-530. PMID: 39907600
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (87.61 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (289 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Mogi T, et al. Gramicidin S and polymyxins: the revival of cationic cyclic peptide antibiotics. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Dec;66(23):3821-6. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wenzel M, et al. The Multifaceted Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Pioneering Peptide Antibiotics Tyrocidine and Gramicidin S. mBio. 2018 Oct 9;9(5):e00802-18. [Content Brief]
[3]. Okamoto K, et al. Inhibitory effect of gramicidin S on the growth of murine tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncology. 1984;41(1):43-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 0.8761 mL | 4.3804 mL | 8.7608 mL | 21.9020 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1752 mL | 0.8761 mL | 1.7522 mL | 4.3804 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0876 mL | 0.4380 mL | 0.8761 mL | 2.1902 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0584 mL | 0.2920 mL | 0.5841 mL | 1.4601 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0438 mL | 0.2190 mL | 0.4380 mL | 1.0951 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0350 mL | 0.1752 mL | 0.3504 mL | 0.8761 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0292 mL | 0.1460 mL | 0.2920 mL | 0.7301 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0219 mL | 0.1095 mL | 0.2190 mL | 0.5475 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0175 mL | 0.0876 mL | 0.1752 mL | 0.4380 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0146 mL | 0.0730 mL | 0.1460 mL | 0.3650 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0110 mL | 0.0548 mL | 0.1095 mL | 0.2738 mL |
Gramicidin S Related Classifications
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