Deuterium (²H, D)

L-Cysteine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

p-Cresol sulfate-d₇ (potassium) is the deuterium labeled p-Cresyl sulfate potassium. p-Methylphenyl potassium sulfate is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin[1][2].

Glycocholic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Glycocholic acid (HY-N1423). Glycocholic acid is a bile acid derivative. Glycocholic acid downregulates MDR1, Bcl-2, MRP1, MRP2 and FXR, upregulates Bax, p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, TGR5 and S1PR2. Glycocholic acid inhibits multidrug resistance and efflux pumps, induces mitochondrial apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. Glycocholic acid modulates related bile acid receptor signaling. Glycocholic acid suppresses growth and conjugation of Enterobacteriaceae and increases their antibiotic susceptibility. Glycocholic acid can be used for the research of colon adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid is the main neuronal metabolite of dopamine.

3-Indoleacetic acid-d₇ (Indole-3-acetic acid-d₇) is the deuterated-labeled 3-Indoleacetic acid (HY-18569). 3-Indoleacetic acid is is an IAA hormone and growth regulator that can promote plant nutritional growth through processes such as cell expansion, differentiation, morphogenesis, and organogenesis.

Serotonin-d₄ (5-Hydroxytryptamine-d₄) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Serotonin (hydrochloride) (HY-B1473). Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) hydrochloride is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the CNS and an endogenous 5-HT receptor agonist. Serotonin hydrochloride is also a catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with a K_i of 44 μM.

Ppicolinic-3,4,5,6-d₄ acid is the deuterium labeled Ppicolinic acid.

Hypoxanthine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.

L-Alanine-d₃ is the deuterium labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

Benzyl alcohol-d₁ is the deuterium labeled Benzyl alcohol.

L-Citrulline-d₇ is the deuterium labeled L-Citrulline. L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate, or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.

DEHP-d₄ is the deuterium labeled DEHP. DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is an endogenous metabolite.

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Indole-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Indole. Indole is an endogenous metabolite.

Voriconazole-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Voriconazole. Voriconazole (UK-109496) is a second-generation, broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Voriconazole exerts its antifungal activity by inhibition of 14-α-lanosterol demethylation, which is mediated by fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Eribulin-d₃ (mesylate) is a deuterium labeled Eribulin mesylate. Eribulin mesylate is a microtubule targeting agent that is used for the research of cancer.

SAH-d₄ is the deuterium labeled SAH. SAH (S-Adenosylhomocysteine) is an amino acid derivative and a modulartor in several metabolic pathways. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine. SAH is an inhibitor for METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer complex (METTL3-14) with an IC₅₀ of 0.9 μM.

Glutaric acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Glutaric acid. Glutaric acid is an intermediate during the catabolic pathways of lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid affects pericyte contractility and migration. Glutaric acid is an indicator of glutaric aciduria type I.

Corticosterone-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Corticosterone. Corticosterone is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.

L-Lysine-d₄ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled L-Lysine. L-lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.