CD2

CD2 (LFA-2, sheep red blood cell receptor) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on 90-95% of mature T cells, thymocytes and NK cells. CD2 mediates antigen-independent adhesion between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting or target cells by binding its primary ligand CD58 (LFA-3) on antigen-presenting cells and epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells, and additionally interacts with CD48 and CD59. Its cytoplasmic tail associates with LCK, CD2AP and the actin cytoskeleton, transmitting co-stimulatory signals that lower the antigen receptor threshold for activation, amplifying TCR-triggered calcium influx, IL-2 production and proliferation, and organizing immunological synapse architecture. CD2 engagement also stimulates NK-cell cytotoxicity. During thymic development, CD2 participates in thymocyte selection. CD2-targeting antibodies have historical diagnostic use (sheep erythrocyte rosetting), and alefacept (LFA-3-Ig fusion) targeting the CD2-CD58 axis was approved for psoriasis; CD2 is exploited as a CAR-T co-stimulatory domain and target for GvHD immunomodulation.