Protoporphyrin IX
Based on 22 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Protoporphyrin IX is a final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which acts as a radiation sensitizer enhancing ROS generation even in a hypoxic state and inducing DNA damage. Protoporphyrin IX also acts as a photo sensitizer undergoing photobleaching that occurs through direct degradation by light irradiation. Protoporphyrin IX is formed and accumulated following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (HY-W000450) administration in the tumor cells of rats. Protoporphyrin IX causes selective improvement of basal cell carcinoma when activated red fluorescence of a peak wavelength at 405 nm. Protoporphyrin IX is promising for research of sonodynamic and photodynamic agents for a wide range of cancers, such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma.
연구목적의 판매만을 진행합니다. 환자를 대상으로 한 판매는 하지 않습니다.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 553-12-8
- 화학식: C34H34N4O4
- 분자량:562.66
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보관:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Protoporphyrin IX
More- Sci Bull. 2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2026 Jan 14;34(1):35-51.e9. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Jan 14;19(1):837-851. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Jun 21;22(1):358. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2021 Apr 20;19(1):112. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2024 Aug 20:374:230-241. [Abstract]
- Nano Today. 2021, 101212.
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Aug:170:105701. [Abstract]
- Genome Biol. 2022 Dec 15;23(1):259. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jul 20:134020. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceutics. 2024 Aug 27;16(9):1130. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2026 May:172:111209. [Abstract]
- Aquaculture. 2025 Sep 17;612:743212.
- Anal Bioanal Chem. 2023 Feb;415(4):603-613. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2023 Aug 5;9(8):e18861. [Abstract]
- Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2025 Feb 12;27(1):46. [Abstract]
- Photochem Photobiol. 2024 Nov-Dec;100(6):1636-1646. [Abstract]
- Chinese J Anal Chem. 2022: 100219.
- SSRN. 2025 Feb 4.
- Universidad Del Pais Vasco. 2023 Jun 23.
- bioRxiv. 2020 May.
- Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2015 Jul;27(7):568-73. [Abstract]
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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IF
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IF
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RT-PCR
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Others
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bel-7402 | IC50 |
309.6 nM
Compound: PPIX
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Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 5 hrs followed by compound washout and subsequent 3 mW/cm2 UVA irradiation for 20 mins measured 48 hrs post irradiation by CCK8 assay
Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 5 hrs followed by compound washout and subsequent 3 mW/cm2 UVA irradiation for 20 mins measured 48 hrs post irradiation by CCK8 assay
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[PMID: 30925340] |
Aminolevulinic acid (HY-W000450) (40 mg/kg, p.o., a single dose) produces full-thickness Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in the five superficial, nodular and morpheaform basal cell carcinoma[3].
Protoporphyrin IX (3.6 nmol/g tissue) tissue can cause necrosis in normal rat colonic mucosa on exposure to light[4].
Protoporphyrin IX (6.6 nmol/g tumor) delays tumor growth after irradiation of a tumor in rats[4].
Protoporphyrin IX (0-25 μM, 2 h) rapidly results in increased nuclear G4 levels in Hela cells[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Basal cell carcinoma
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Concentration:
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Incubation Time:4-6 h
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Result:Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence was greater at the periphery of large tumor lobules than in the center and smaller lobules fluoresced uniformly in nodular tumors.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 553-12-8
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Appearance Solid
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분자량 562.66
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화학식 C34H34N4O4
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Color Brown to black
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SMILES
O=C(O)CCC1=C2/C=C3C(CCC(O)=O)=C(C)C(/C=C(N/4)/C(C)=C(C=C)C4=C\C5=N/C(C(C=C)=C5C)=C\C(N2)=C1C)=N/3
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Synonyms
PPIX
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (22)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Sci Bull
Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in a mouse model expressing human ACE2. [Abstract]2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. PMID: 33318880
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Bull. 2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. [Abstract]
Protoporphyrin IX (for 49 h) and Verteporfin, displayed a complete suppression of viral CPE at 1.25 µmol/L and 0.31 µmol/L, respectively. Viral N protein expression in infected Vero E6 cells was assessed by immunofluorescence.
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Bull. 2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. [Abstract]
Antiviral effect and cell cytotoxicity of Protoporphyrin IX (0-320 μmol/L, 49 h) and verteporfin. The viral RNA production in the supernatant of infected Vero E6 cells was quantified with qRT-PCR.
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Bull. 2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. [Abstract]
Schematic presentation of treatment timing of Protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin. Briefly, Vero E6 cells were treated with Protoporphyrin IX, verteporfin or the solvent DMSO before viral infection, during viral entry and after viral entry. A total of 8 treatment groups (I–VIII) for each compound were set up.
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Bull. 2021 May 15;66(9):925-936. [Abstract]
Blocking effect on ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated cell–cell fusion by Protoporphyrin IX (2.5 μmol/L, pre-treatment for one hour) and verteporfin. The inhibitory value of protoporphyrin IX or verteporfin-treated group was presented relative to that of the DMSO-treated group which was set as 100%, respectively.
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Cell Host Microbe
Rothia mucilaginosa membrane vesicles stabilize labile iron to alleviate UVB-induced ferroptosis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 14;34(1):35-51.e9. PMID: 41500222 -
ACS Nano
Chimeric Peptide-Engineered Polyprodrug Enhances Cytotoxic T Cell Response by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Upregulating Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I. [Abstract]2025 Jan 14;19(1):837-851. PMID: 39731541 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Sonodynamic and sonomechanical effect on cellular stemness and extracellular physicochemical environment to potentiate chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Jun 21;22(1):358. PMID: 38907270
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Jun 21;22(1):358. [Abstract]
UV-vis spectra of TPZ, Protoporphyrin IX, PP@PLGA, TP@PLGA and PTP@PLGA.
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J Nanobiotechnology
Autophagy blockade synergistically enhances nanosonosensitizer-enabled sonodynamic cancer nanotherapeutics. [Abstract]2021 Apr 20;19(1):112. PMID: 33879173 -
J Control Release
Chimeric peptide-engineered immunostimulant for endoplasmic reticulum targeted photodynamic immunotherapy against metastatic tumor. [Abstract]2024 Aug 20:374:230-241. PMID: 39151829 -
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Pharmacol Res
Dihydroartemisinin overcomes the resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2021 Aug:170:105701. PMID: 34087353 -
Genome Biol
G-quadruplexes sense natural porphyrin metabolites for regulation of gene transcription and chromatin landscapes. [Abstract]2022 Dec 15;23(1):259. PMID: 36522639
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Genome Biol. 2022 Dec 15;23(1):259. [Abstract]
Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX; 0, 5, 15, 25 µM; 2 h) rapidly results in increased nuclear G4 levels in HeLa cells. Immunostaining of G4 using BG4-EGFP (green). The nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue).
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Int J Biol Macromol
Protoporphyrin IX metabolism mediated via translocator protein (CgTspO) involved in orange shell coloration of pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). [Abstract]2024 Jul 20:134020. PMID: 39038584 -
Pharmaceutics
Carrier-Free Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Carcinoma via Reversal of Hypoxia and Oxidative Resistance. [Abstract]2024 Aug 27;16(9):1130. PMID: 39339168 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Dietary 5-aminolevulinic acid induces strain-specific effects on shell color and innate immunity in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) through divergent porphyrin metabolism. [Abstract]2026 May:172:111209. PMID: 41690531 -
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Anal Bioanal Chem
Highly sensitive and quick in ovo sexing of domestic chicken eggs by two-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy. [Abstract]2023 Feb;415(4):603-613. PMID: 36462048 -
Heliyon
Square wave voltammetry based electrochemical determination of affinity of cholesterol triethylene glycol modified DNA-aptamers for protoporphyrin IX. [Abstract]2023 Aug 5;9(8):e18861. PMID: 37609428 -
Mar Biotechnol (NY)
CgPPOX and CgFECH Mediate Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation Predominantly in the Outer Mantle Fold of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. [Abstract]2025 Feb 12;27(1):46. PMID: 39937285 -
Photochem Photobiol
Enhancing PDT efficacy in NMIBC: Efflux inhibitor mediated improvement of PpIX levels and efficacy of the combination of PpIX-PDT and SO-cleavable prodrugs. [Abstract]2024 Nov-Dec;100(6):1636-1646. PMID: 38866726 -
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Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue
[Research on the effect of protection against ventilator-induced lung injury via regulation of caveolin-1/heme oxygenase-1 signaling]. [Abstract]2015 Jul;27(7):568-73. PMID: 26138418
Protoporphyrin IX purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2015 Jul;27(7):568-73. [Abstract]
To determine whether the inhibition of caveolin-1 tyrosine residues 14 ( Cav-1-Y14 ) phosphorylation with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( PP2 ) will upregulate heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) activity to protect against ventilation induced lung injury in vivo of an animal model. The group D1 or D2 receive high tidal volume ventilation for 1 hour or 2 hour respectively, but they are given PP2 1 hour before high tidal volume ventilation. The groups E1 and E2 also receive high tidal volume ventilat
용액&용해도
DMSO : 4.55 mg/mL (8.09 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
순도&문서
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Data Sheet (284 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[2]. Myrzakhmetov B, et al. Photophysical Properties of Protoporphyrin IX, Pyropheophorbide-a and Photofrin® in Different Conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;14(2):138. [Content Brief]
[3]. Tope WD, et al. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence induced in basal cell carcinoma by oral delta-aminolevulinic acid[J]. Photochem Photobiol. 1998 Feb;67(2):249-55. [Content Brief]
[4]. van den Boogert J, et al. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in tissues: pharmacokinetics after oral or intravenous administration[J]. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998 Jun 15;44(1):29-38. [Content Brief]
[5]. Li C, et al. G-quadruplexes sense natural porphyrin metabolites for regulation of gene transcription and chromatin landscapes. Genome Biol. 2022 Dec 15;23(1):259. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.7773 mL | 8.8864 mL | 17.7727 mL | 44.4318 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3555 mL | 1.7773 mL | 3.5545 mL | 8.8864 mL |