Mergetpa

Sprague-Dawley (male, 24-30 days old, 50-75 g at study initiation, insulin resistance induced via 9 weeks of ad libitum 10% D-glucose drinking solution)^[2]

1 mg/kg

s.c.; twice daily; 7 days

Normalized two-fold elevated blood glucose levels in glucose-fed rats to values not significantly different from control rats.
Halved four-fold elevated plasma insulin levels in glucose-fed rats (reduction did not reach statistical significance).
Markedly reduced (P < 0.05) elevated HOMA index of insulin resistance in glucose-fed rats, though not to full control levels.
Induced significant body weight loss (18 g, P < 0.05) in glucose-fed rats, reversing their previously increased body weight gain, but did not affect body weight gain in control rats.
Did not alter elevated plasma leptin levels or systolic blood pressure in glucose-fed rats.
Normalized elevated basal superoxide anion production in the aorta of glucose-fed rats to control levels.
Significantly reduced (P < 0.05) enhanced nitrotyrosine expression in the renal cortex and aorta of glucose-fed rats to levels not significantly different from control rats.
Restored significantly enhanced B1R protein and mRNA expression in the renal cortex, thoracic aorta, and liver of glucose-fed rats to control levels.
Completely blocked (P < 0.05) enhanced CPM protein expression in the renal cortex, thoracic aorta, and liver of glucose-fed rats.
Abolished significantly enhanced iNOS protein expression in the renal cortex, thoracic aorta, and liver of glucose-fed rats.
Fully blocked (P < 0.05) enhanced IL-1β protein and mRNA expression in the renal cortex, thoracic aorta, and liver of glucose-fed rats.
Did not significantly affect blood glucose, plasma insulin, HOMA index, superoxide anion production, B1R expression, CPM expression, or iNOS expression in control rats; significantly reduced nitrotyrosine expression in control aorta (but not renal cortex) and increased IL-1β protein expression in control renal cortex.