Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Hypusine dihydrochloride is a natural amino acid found only in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A). Hypusine is formed by the transfer of the butylamine portion from spermidine to the ϵ-amino group of a specific lysine residue of eIF-5A precursor and by the hydroxylation at carbon 2 of the incoming 4-aminobutyl moiety.

Eicosanoyl-CoA is a reduction metabolite of (E)-2,3 eicosanoyl-CoA.

11-trans Leukotriene D4 (11-trans LTD4) is a C-11 double bond isomer of LTD4. LTD4 undergoes slow temperature-dependent isomerization to 11-trans LTD4 during storage. 11-trans LTD4 retains about 10-25 % of the potency for contraction of guinea pig ileum, trachea and parenchyma compared to LTD4. It exhibits an ED50 ranging between 12-60 nM for contraction of guinea pig trachea.

18-Carboxy dinor Leukotriene B4 (18-carboxy dinor LTB4) is a β-oxidation metabolite of LTB4. In the liver, LTB4 is rapidly metabolized to 20-carboxy LTB4, which then undergoes β-oxidation to 18-carboxy dinor LTB4.

11(S)-HEDE is isolated by the chromatographic resolution of 11(S)-HEDE. There are no reports of biological activity associated with 11(S)-HEDE in the literature.

11(R)-HEDE is produced from 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid by COX in a lipoxygenase-type reaction.1 Spectrophotometric measurement of the conjugated diene absorbance of 11(R)-HEDE is occasionally used to quantify COX activity.

tetranor-12(R)-HETE is a metabolite of 12(R)-HETE formed via β-oxidation.

Leukotriene B5 (LTB5) is a leukotriene with diverse biological activities. It is a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid formed through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. LTB5 increases contraction of bullfrog lung strips ex vivo in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, LTB5 (100 nM) reduces tumor volume in mice injected with Tm1 murine melanoma cells. LTB5 also elicits chemokinesis and lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) 20- to 30-fold less, and induces platelet aggregation 8-fold less, potently than LTB4.

(S)-Mevalonic acid is the isomer of Mevalonic acid (HY-113071). Mevalonic acid ((S)-DCIT) is a precursor substance of the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for cell growth and proliferation. Mevalonic acid is effective in inhibiting Simvastatin (HY-17502)-induced decrease in C2C12 cell viability in vitro. Mevalonic acid can be used in studies of myopathy and heart failure.

Arachidonoyl CoA triammonium is used as a substrate in the synthesis of Arachidonoyl amino acids. Arachidonoyl CoA triammonium directly interacts with FadR to inhibit binding at its DNA targets.

2-Hydroxystearoyl-CoA is a metabolite of octadecanoic acid. 2-Hydroxystearoyl-CoA may play an important role in the development of HCC in diabetes patients.

Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) triammonium is a primer for the fatty acid elongation system in Mycobacterium smegmat.

Leukotriene B4 dimethyl amide, an immunomodulator, stimulates contraction of isolated guinea pig lung entities. Leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)) also stimulates human neutrophil migration, and LTB(4) antagonists may have anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory pathophysiology.

Jalapinolic acid (11-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid; 11-Hydroxypalmitic acid) is a hydroxyhexadecanoic acid.

11-trans-Leukotriene C4 is trans-Leukotriene C4 (LTC4). LTC4 is an important inflammatory mediator and regulator of allergic responses.

12-epi-LTB4 is an agonist for BLT1 and BLT2. 12-epi LTB4 exhibits a partial agonistic activity against mBLT1 and mBLT2, and induces phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in primary mouse keratinocytes.

Leukotriene B4 ethanolamide (LTB4 ethanolamide) is an antagonist and a partial agonist for Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLTR1). Leukotriene B4 ethanolamide ameliorates the tumor progression, which is only asscociated with inflammation.

N-Acetyl-Leukotriene E4 (N-Acetyl-LTE4) is a metabolite of Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) (HY-113465), which is detected in bile and urine. N-Acetyl-Leukotriene E4 produces a vasoconstriction in the mesenteric vessels which led to reduction of blood flow to the gut.

12-Oxo-leukotriene B4 (12-Oxo-LTB4) is an intermediate in the lipoxygenase-catalyzed path of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590) metabolism. 12-Oxo-leukotriene B4 is crucial in Leukotriene B4 metabolism and is involved in inflammation reactions. 12-Oxo-leukotriene B4 stimulates calcium levels in human neutrophils with an EC₅₀ of 33 nM. 12-Oxo-leukotriene B4 induces migration of neutrophils with EC₅₀ of 170 nM.

Leukotriene B3 is a LTA hydrolase metabolite of LTA3 in the leukotriene biosynthesis pathway. Leukotriene B3 has proinflammatory activity.