FCCP
Based on 117 publication(s) in Google Scholar
FCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.69%
- CAS No.: 370-86-5
- Formula: C10H5F3N4O
- Molecular Weight:254.17
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) FCCP
More- Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8055):765-775. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2023 Sep;621(7977):188-195. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 May 5;38(5):963-980.e12. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2022 Sep 6;34(9):1325-1341.e6. [Abstract]
- Nat Cancer. 2022 Aug;3(8):945-960. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2026 Jan;8(1):177-195. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Apr 3;32(4):547-563.e7. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2021 Dec 2;28(12):2076-2089.e7. [Abstract]
- Nat Microbiol. 2025 Oct;10(10):2521-2536. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2026 May 27. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2026 Apr;28(4):707-724. [Abstract]
- Natl Sci Rev. 2021 Feb 10;8(7):nwab024. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2023 Dec 15;83(24):4063-4079. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 30;16(1):6996. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 May 13;13(1):2673. [Abstract]
- J Am Chem Soc. 2023 Oct 18;145(41):22433-22441. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2025 Oct 7. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Mar 15:1-22. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Dec 26:1-18. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Apr 3. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Mar;21(3):548-564. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jan;21(1):102-119. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Jul;13(39):e20095. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Mar 18:e22690. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun;12(21):e2415556. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Jan 2:S2090-1232(24)00623-4. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2025 Aug 16:326:123635. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2025 May 5:322:123391. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Aug 12;23(1):562. [Abstract]
- Cell Discov. 2026 May 26;12(1):37. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 May 23;11(21):eadv0558. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Nov 1:295:119841. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Dec 27:79:103471. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2022 Sep 24;57:102492. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2021 Jul:43:101994. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2020 Nov 1;38:101771. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2025 Nov 14.
- EBioMedicine. 2025 Sep:119:105914. [Abstract]
- Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Jul;1(7):649-664. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 6;12(9):837. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Apr 2;22(1):210. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2024 May 17:S1534-5807(24)00296-X. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2026 Apr 8. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Jun 11. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2025 Oct 13. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2023 Apr 3;11(4):515-529. [Abstract]
- NPJ Precis Oncol. 2026 Apr 16. [Abstract]
- Basic Res Cardiol. 2021 Dec 16;116(1):65. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug;182(16):3923-3951. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2023 Sep 7;21(1):605. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2023 Mar 25;21(1):218. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Jun:162:114571. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun:150:113067. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2024 Oct;43(44):3215-3226. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2021 Apr 27;19(4):e3001197. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2026 Mar;25(3):e70419. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Jul 2;11(1):299. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Mar 1;11(1):82. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 18;44(12):116577. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Feb 20;44(3):115340. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Apr 23;43(4):114088. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Jun 6;42(6):112617. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Jan 31;42(1):112011. [Abstract]
- Elife. 2021 May 4:10:e64480. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Oct 22. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2025 Aug 29. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2025 Feb 3;82(1):69. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2023 Nov 6;24(11):e56958. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Apr:198:114948. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Oct 28:315:116664. [Abstract]
- Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 Oct 25:17:3205-3218. [Abstract]
- Cancer Gene Ther. 2022 Mar;29(3-4):383-395. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 29;25(19):10514. [Abstract]
- RSC Adv. 2026 Apr 8;16(21):18745-18756. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2026 Mar 15;40(5):e71621. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2023 Jul;37(7):e23045. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Dec 8;27(1):108690. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Aug 7;26(9):107558. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2026 May 27:113207. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 25;15(1):32878. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 6;14(1):13063. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Nov 25;99(11):e0157625. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Biochem. 2026 May 21. [Abstract]
- Brain Res Bull. 2024 Aug 10:111043. [Abstract]
- Cell Cycle. 2024 Feb;23(4):435-447. [Abstract]
- Life Metab. 2022 Jun 24;1(1):81-93. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2025 Apr 4:159610. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2024 Mar;1869(2):159428. [Abstract]
- Biomed Opt Express. 2021 Jun 23;12(7):4363-4379. [Abstract]
- Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2025 May 22;30(5):38078. [Abstract]
- J Leukoc Biol. 2025 Apr 11:qiaf042. [Abstract]
- J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2026 Mar 18. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Lett. 2024 Sep 14:S0378-4274(24)02031-9. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Lett. 2024 Apr:394:76-91. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2025 Oct:309:110695. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2024 Dec 24:149424. [Abstract]
- Fish Physiol Biochem. 2026 Apr 10;52(2):58. [Abstract]
- Prostate. 2025 Oct 1. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2025 Oct 4;1869(12):130864. [Abstract]
- Cryobiology. 2025 Aug 11:120:105287. [Abstract]
- FASEB Bioadv. 2024 Sep 9;6(11):555-564. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 May 26.
- SSRN. 2025 Nov 26.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 7.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 13.
- University of Kentucky. 2025.
- bioRxiv. 2025 May 21.
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 16.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Apr 5;2022:8192552. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 18;2022:2513837. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20220016148A1.
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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IF
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T47D | IC50 |
0.31 μM
Compound: FCCP
|
Inhibition of 1, 10-phenanthroline-induced HIF1 activation in human T47D cells by HRE3-TK-luciferase reporter gene assay
Inhibition of 1, 10-phenanthroline-induced HIF1 activation in human T47D cells by HRE3-TK-luciferase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 20929261] |
| T47D | IC50 |
0.51 μM
Compound: FCCP
|
Inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF1 activation in human T47D cells by HRE3-TK-luciferase reporter gene assay
Inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF1 activation in human T47D cells by HRE3-TK-luciferase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 20929261] |
FCCP (5 μM) results in a concentration-dependent decrease in Aβ and APPsβ production in K695sw cells. FCCP inhibits processing of wild-type APP. FCCP does not alter cellular ATP levels at any of the concentrations measured. The effects of FCCP on APP catabolism are independent of secondary effects on oxidative phosphorylation or the result of reduced cell viability in K695sw cells. FCCP (5 μM or 500 nM), baf A1, and NH4Cl induce changes in Tf-Tx and Tf-F cellular fluorescence in K695 cells[1].
FCCP (200 nM) protects and enhances the follicle integrity in cat ovarian tissue during short-term in vitro culture. But FCCP does not appear to exert a beneficial or detrimental effect during ovarian tissue cryopreservation[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 370-86-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 254.17
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Formula C10H5F3N4O
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
N#C/C(C#N)=N/NC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1
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Synonyms
Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (117)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Mar;639(8055):765-775. PMID: 39939778
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8055):765-775. [Abstract]
OCR of neuroendocrine (n=4) and non-neuroendocrine (n=2) SCLC cell lines after FCCP (1.5 μM, 40 min) treatment (n=6 technical replicates for each cell line).
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Nature
2023 Sep;621(7977):188-195. PMID: 37648854 -
Cell Metab
Psoriasis modulates inflammatory bowel disease risk and intestinal epithelium lipid metabolism via IL-1β-producing macrophages. [Abstract]2026 May 5;38(5):963-980.e12. PMID: 41856104 -
Cell Metab
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter engages UCP1 to form a thermoporter that promotes thermogenesis. [Abstract]2022 Sep 6;34(9):1325-1341.e6. PMID: 35977541 -
Nat Cancer
Cancer-associated fibroblasts employ NUFIP1-dependent autophagy to secrete nucleosides and support pancreatic tumor growth. [Abstract]2022 Aug;3(8):945-960. PMID: 35982178 -
Nat Metab
IL-21 mediates crosstalk between T cells and NK cells during the remission of type 1 diabetes. [Abstract]2026 Jan;8(1):177-195. PMID: 41566069 -
Cell Stem Cell
Enhanced viability and functional maturity of iPSC-derived islet organoids by collagen-VI-enriched ECM scaffolds. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3;32(4):547-563.e7. PMID: 39999846 -
Cell Stem Cell
RARG variant predictive of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity identifies a cardioprotective therapy. [Abstract]2021 Dec 2;28(12):2076-2089.e7. PMID: 34525346 -
Nat Microbiol
Oxaloacetate sensing promotes innate immune antiviral defence against influenza virus infection. [Abstract]2025 Oct;10(10):2521-2536. PMID: 40983701 -
Nat Cell Biol
2026 May 27. PMID: 42203926 -
Nat Cell Biol
An extracellular vesicle-mediated mitochondrial transfer network critical for testosterone synthesis. [Abstract]2026 Apr;28(4):707-724. PMID: 41760931 -
Natl Sci Rev
SNX14 deficiency-induced defective axonal mitochondrial transport in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar ataxia and can be reversed by valproate. [Abstract]2021 Feb 10;8(7):nwab024. PMID: 34691693 -
Cancer Res
Fructose-induced mTORC1 Activation Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Inhibition of Autophagy. [Abstract]2023 Dec 15;83(24):4063-4079. PMID: 37738413
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Res. 2023 Dec 15;83(24):4063-4079. [Abstract]
Viability of Glut5-overexpressing and control cells cultured for 24 hours under different conditions in the presence of Rotenone or FCCP (10 μmol/L).
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Nat Commun
DHRS13 suppresses differentiation and mitophagy in glioma via retinoic acid and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. [Abstract]2025 Jul 30;16(1):6996. PMID: 40739132
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 30;16(1):6996. [Abstract]
The mitophagy index of shRNA- or non-transduced 528NS and HOG-GSCs treated for 3 days with or without MitoTEMPOL (100 nM) on day 4 after shRNA transduction. FCCP (30 μM) and RA were used as positive controls.
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Nat Commun
2022 Jun 17;13(1):3486. PMID: 35710796 -
Nat Commun
Mechanical instability generated by Myosin 19 contributes to mitochondria cristae architecture and OXPHOS. [Abstract]2022 May 13;13(1):2673. PMID: 35562374
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 May 13;13(1):2673. [Abstract]
Flow cytometry analysis of WT and Myo19 KO cells stained with 100 nM TMRM for 20 min. 5 μM FCCP treatment for 10 min was used as positive.
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J Am Chem Soc
2023 Oct 18;145(41):22433-22441. PMID: 37812815 -
Cell Death Differ
PDK4-driven lactate accumulation facilitates LPCAT2 lactylation to exacerbate sepsis-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]2025 Oct 7. PMID: 41057687 -
Bone Res
2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. PMID: 39198395
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence staining to show the CTSK expression level in osteoclasts that were treated with oligomycin A (10 nmol/L), rotenone (100 nmol/L), FCCP (1 μmol/L), 2DG (1 μmol/L) or 3BrPA (1 μmol/L) for 6 h (scale bar, 100 µm).
FCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]
Immunoblots of the pre-proenzyme and active CTSK levels in osteoclasts treated with 2DG (1 μmol/L), FCCP (1 μmol/L), rotenone (100 nmol/L) or 3-BrPA (1 μmol/L) for 10 h. The MMP-9 and CTSB expression levels were also detected. DMSO-treated osteoclasts were used as controls.
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Autophagy
Impaired mitophagy contributes to osteogenesis and mineralization disorders in fibrous dysplasia. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15:1-22. PMID: 41803635 -
Autophagy
ATG9A-PLA2G6 axis reprograms phospholipid metabolism to drive metabolic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Dec 26:1-18. PMID: 41358570 -
Autophagy
Mitophagy-mediated S1P facilitates muscle adaptive responses to endurance exercise through SPHK1-S1PR1/S1PR2 in slow-twitch myofibers. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3. PMID: 40181214 -
Autophagy
Copper aggravated synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury by downregulating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]2025 Mar;21(3):548-564. PMID: 39415457 -
Autophagy
Bunyavirus SFTSV nucleoprotein exploits TUFM-mediated mitophagy to impair antiviral innate immunity. [Abstract]2025 Jan;21(1):102-119. PMID: 39189526 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2026 Jul;13(39):e20095. PMID: 41972457 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Cars2-Mediated Cysteine Catabolism Drives Brown Fat Development and Thermogenesis Through Persulfidating EBF2. [Abstract]2026 Mar 18:e22690. PMID: 41849685 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
In Vivo Reprogramming of Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Chronic Tissue Injury Through Metabolic Engineering. [Abstract]2025 Jun;12(21):e2415556. PMID: 40162496 -
J Adv Res
Parkin modulates the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 signalling. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2:S2090-1232(24)00623-4. PMID: 39755271 -
Biomaterials
Nanoquadruplex-driven hydrogen therapy: NIR-controlled release for targeted cancer ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 16:326:123635. PMID: 40865186 -
Biomaterials
Radiation-triggerable bioreactors enable bioenergetic reprograming of cancer stem cell plasticity via targeted arginine metabolism disruption for augmented radio-immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 May 5:322:123391. PMID: 40344881 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Radiocleavable rare-earth nanoactivators targeting over-expressed folate receptors induce mitochondrial dysfunction and remodel immune suppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12;23(1):562. PMID: 40797208 -
Cell Discov
WAT-to-BAT communication facilitates the sustained activation of BAT thermogenesis during cold exposure. [Abstract]2026 May 26;12(1):37. PMID: 42191682 -
Sci Adv
Sphingolipid synthesis in tumor-associated macrophages confers immunotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 May 23;11(21):eadv0558. PMID: 40397754 -
Carbohydr Polym
Aloe gel glucomannan induced colon cancer cell death via mitochondrial damage-driven PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway. [Abstract]2022 Nov 1:295:119841. PMID: 35989033 -
Redox Biol
Cardiomyocyte-specific Piezo1 deficiency mitigates ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]2024 Dec 27:79:103471. PMID: 39740362 -
Redox Biol
RNA binding protein IGF2BP1 meditates oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell dysfunction by regulating MDM2 mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner. [Abstract]2022 Sep 24;57:102492. PMID: 36182806 -
Redox Biol
Hypoxic acclimation improves cardiac redox homeostasis and protects heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation. [Abstract]2021 Jul:43:101994. PMID: 33964586 -
Redox Biol
2020 Nov 1;38:101771. PMID: 33189984 -
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EBioMedicine
A strategy to re-sensitise drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria to oxazolidinone-class antibiotics. [Abstract]2025 Sep:119:105914. PMID: 40912150 -
Nat Cardiovasc Res
2022 Jul;1(7):649-664. PMID: 36034743 -
Cell Death Dis
Mitochondrial dysfunction induces radioresistance in colorectal cancer by activating [Ca2+]m-PDP1-PDH-histone acetylation retrograde signaling. [Abstract]2021 Sep 6;12(9):837. PMID: 34489398 -
Cell Commun Signal
Mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis induced by CARD9 ablation prevents MDSCs-dependent antifungal immunity. [Abstract]2024 Apr 2;22(1):210. PMID: 38566195 -
Dev Cell
2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. PMID: 40280135 -
Dev Cell
2024 May 17:S1534-5807(24)00296-X. PMID: 38776924 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Alkalization of the intracellular pH reprograms TNF-α signaling from inflammatory NF-κB activation to tumoricidal RIP kinase-dependent necroptosis in cancer cells. [Abstract]2026 Apr 8. PMID: 41951772 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
YOD1 mediates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling by deubiquitinating PKM2 and reducing PKM2 tetramerization in cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11. PMID: 40500343 -
EMBO Mol Med
Glycine decarboxylase advances IgA nephropathy by boosting mesangial cell proliferation through the pyrimidine pathway. [Abstract]2025 Oct 13. PMID: 41083822 -
Cancer Immunol Res
Herpes virus entry mediator costimulation signaling enhances CAR-T cell efficacy against solid tumors through metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]2023 Apr 3;11(4):515-529. PMID: 36689620 -
NPJ Precis Oncol
Mitochondrial translocation of MDM2 and TFAM reprograms metabolism in treatment-refractory cancers. [Abstract]2026 Apr 16. PMID: 41991605 -
Basic Res Cardiol
Protective effect of HINT2 on mitochondrial function via repressing MCU complex activation attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2021 Dec 16;116(1):65. PMID: 34914018 -
Br J Pharmacol
A mitochondria-targeting and G-quadruplex structure-binding ligand inducing calcium overload and ferroptosis in human cancer cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug;182(16):3923-3951. PMID: 40344208 -
J Transl Med
ESRRG-PKM2 axis reprograms metabolism to suppress esophageal squamous carcinoma progression and enhance anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy. [Abstract]2023 Sep 7;21(1):605. PMID: 37679788 -
J Transl Med
Mitochondrial ROS driven by NOX4 upregulation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival after incomplete radiofrequency ablation by inducing of mitophagy via Nrf2/PINK1. [Abstract]2023 Mar 25;21(1):218. PMID: 36964576 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Near-infrared fluorophore IR-61 improves the quality of oocytes in aged mice via mitochondrial protection. [Abstract]2023 Jun:162:114571. PMID: 36989715 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Glycolysis aggravates methotrexate toxicity by fueling RFC1-controlled intestinal absorption in rheumatic rats. [Abstract]2022 Jun:150:113067. PMID: 35658235 -
Oncogene
The tumor suppressor Parkin exerts anticancer effects through regulating mitochondrial GAPDH activity. [Abstract]2024 Oct;43(44):3215-3226. PMID: 39285229 -
PLoS Biol
HMGCR inhibition stabilizes the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 to support the growth of renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2021 Apr 27;19(4):e3001197. PMID: 33905408 -
Aging Cell
Silencing of the Metabolic Gene HKDC1 Is Associated With Aging and Neurodegeneration in Mice and Humans. [Abstract]2026 Mar;25(3):e70419. PMID: 41736382 -
Cell Death Discov
DNMBP-AS1/hsa-miR-30a-5p/PGC1α axis suppresses tumor progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting PKM2-mediated Warburg effect and enhance anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2;11(1):299. PMID: 40603870 -
Cell Death Discov
NDUFB7 mutations cause brain neuronal defects, lactic acidosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in humans and zebrafish. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1;11(1):82. PMID: 40025060 -
Cell Rep
A generalized strategy to kill leukemic cells by targeting the regulatory systems governing mitochondrial membrane potential. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. PMID: 41166305 -
Cell Rep
Blocking glycogen synthase 1 in white adipose tissue alleviates hypermetabolism following severe burn injury through inhibition of JAK2 by UDPG. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18;44(12):116577. PMID: 41259203 -
Cell Rep
Restraint of inflammasome-driven cytokine responses through the mRNA stability protein TTP. [Abstract]2025 Feb 20;44(3):115340. PMID: 39982821 -
Cell Rep
IFNα-induced BST2+ tumor-associated macrophages facilitate immunosuppression and tumor growth in pancreatic cancer by ERK-CXCL7 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Apr 23;43(4):114088. PMID: 38602878 -
Cell Rep
Resolvin D1 reprograms energy metabolism to promote microglia to phagocytize neutrophils after ischemic stroke. [Abstract]2023 Jun 6;42(6):112617. PMID: 37285269 -
Cell Rep
Bile acids target mitofusin 2 to differentially regulate innate immunity in physiological versus cholestatic conditions. [Abstract]2023 Jan 31;42(1):112011. PMID: 36656708 -
Elife
2021 May 4:10:e64480. PMID: 33942716 -
J Agric Food Chem
Profiling Class-Wide Bioactivities of Flavonoids While Minimizing Compound-Specific Effects Using an Equimolar Mixture Strategy. [Abstract]2025 Oct 22. PMID: 41126446 -
EMBO Rep
Peri-mitochondrial actin filaments inhibit Parkin assembly by disrupting ER-mitochondria contacts. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29. PMID: 40883511 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Dnajc5b contributes to male fertility by maintaining the mitochondrial functions and autophagic homeostasis during spermiogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3;82(1):69. PMID: 39899042 -
J Agric Food Chem
Elevated PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy and Boosted Mitochondrial Function Mediate Protection of HepG2 Cells from Excess Palmitic Acid by Hesperetin. [Abstract]2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. PMID: 38809522 -
EMBO Rep
Defective branched-chain amino acid catabolism in dorsal root ganglia contributes to mechanical pain. [Abstract]2023 Nov 6;24(11):e56958. PMID: 37721527 -
Biochem Pharmacol
The new mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 induces ROS production for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]2022 Apr:198:114948. PMID: 35192847 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Unveiling hepatotoxicity distinction of coumarin-related compounds from glycosides to aglycones in Fructus Psoraleae by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and high content analysis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 28:315:116664. PMID: 37253395 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Activation of the AMPK/SIRT3 Pathway. [Abstract]2023 Oct 25:17:3205-3218. PMID: 37908314 -
Cancer Gene Ther
Fatty acid β-oxidation promotes breast cancer stemness and metastasis via the miRNA-328-3p-CPT1A pathway. [Abstract]2022 Mar;29(3-4):383-395. PMID: 34045663 -
Int J Mol Sci
The SIRT5-Mediated Upregulation of C/EBPβ Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning by Enhancing UCP1 Signaling. [Abstract]2024 Sep 29;25(19):10514. PMID: 39408844 -
RSC Adv
2026 Apr 8;16(21):18745-18756. PMID: 41959546 -
FASEB J
GDF15-Treated iPSC-MSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Fibrosis Post-Myocardial Infarction via Repression of the MFAP4/ERK/Drp1 Axis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15;40(5):e71621. PMID: 41739295 -
FASEB J
Near-infrared fluorophore IR-61 delays postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes through suppressing oxidative stress mediated by mitochondrial protection. [Abstract]2023 Jul;37(7):e23045. PMID: 37342892 -
FASEB J
Butyrate drives the acetylation of histone H3K9 to activate steroidogenesis through PPARγ and PGC1α pathways in ovarian granulosa cells. [Abstract]2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. PMID: 33433947 -
iScience
Prenatal hormone stress triggers embryonic cardiac hypertrophy outcome by ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitochondrial mitofusin 2. [Abstract]2023 Dec 8;27(1):108690. PMID: 38235340 -
iScience
LINC00116-encoded microprotein mitoregulin regulates fatty acid metabolism at the mitochondrial outer membrane. [Abstract]2023 Aug 7;26(9):107558. PMID: 37664623 -
J Biol Chem
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (393.44 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : ≥ 33.3 mg/mL (131.01 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (9.84 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (9.84 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
K695sw cells are maintained and exposed to vehicle or various concentrations of FCCP as mentioned above with the exception that cells are plated at a density of 20,000 cells per well in 96-well plates. Twenty-four hours after plating, cells are exposed to various treatments in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with sodium pyruvate (1 mM). At the same time as drug exposures, YO-PRO (4 μM) is added to each well, and its uptake is quantified every 30 min for 1 day at 37°C using a Cytofluor 2350 fluorometric plate reader. As a positive control, all wells are exposed to 0.1% Triton X-100 at the end of the experiment[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (420 KB)
- English - EN (420 KB)
- Français - FR (420 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (420 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (420 KB)
- Español - ES (420 KB)
- Swedish - SV (420 KB)
- Italian - IT (420 KB)
- Korean - KR (420 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (420 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Connop BP et al.Novel effects of FCCP [carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone] on amyloid precursor protein processing. J Neurochem. 1999 Apr;72(4):1457-65. [Content Brief]
[2]. Tanpradit N, et al. Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) pre-exposure ensures follicle integrity during in vitro culture of ovarian tissue but not during cryopreservation in the domestic cat model. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016 Dec;33(12):1621-1631. Epub 2016 Sep 17. [Content Brief]
[3]. Kondapalli C, et al. PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65. Open Biol. 2012 May;2(5):120080. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.9344 mL | 19.6719 mL | 39.3437 mL | 98.3594 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7869 mL | 3.9344 mL | 7.8687 mL | 19.6719 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3934 mL | 1.9672 mL | 3.9344 mL | 9.8359 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2623 mL | 1.3115 mL | 2.6229 mL | 6.5573 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1967 mL | 0.9836 mL | 1.9672 mL | 4.9180 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1574 mL | 0.7869 mL | 1.5737 mL | 3.9344 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1311 mL | 0.6557 mL | 1.3115 mL | 3.2786 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0984 mL | 0.4918 mL | 0.9836 mL | 2.4590 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0787 mL | 0.3934 mL | 0.7869 mL | 1.9672 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0656 mL | 0.3279 mL | 0.6557 mL | 1.6393 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0492 mL | 0.2459 mL | 0.4918 mL | 1.2295 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0393 mL | 0.1967 mL | 0.3934 mL | 0.9836 mL |