2. GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Apoptosis Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB
  3. 5-HT Receptor iGluR Caspase Interleukin Related TNF Receptor SOD NF-κB
  4. Parishin C

Parishin C is a brain-penetrant major bioactive component found in Gastrodia elata Blume. Parishin C is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist with an EC50 of 34 nM. Parishin C has antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. Parishin C protects against Aβ-induced long-term potentiation damage and NMDA receptor current impairment. Parishin C reduces oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, caspase activity, brain water content, and cerebral infarct volume; increases antioxidant enzyme activity and BDNF levels; improves nerve function and histopathological brain damage. Parishin C attenuates phencyclidine-induced immobility time increases, sociability deficits, and visual recognition memory impairment. Parishin C can be used for the research of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia-like psychosis.

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Parishin C

Parishin C Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 174972-80-6

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Other Forms of Parishin C:

Parishin C Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Parishin C is a brain-penetrant major bioactive component found in Gastrodia elata Blume. Parishin C is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist with an EC50 of 34 nM. Parishin C has antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. Parishin C protects against Aβ-induced long-term potentiation damage and NMDA receptor current impairment. Parishin C reduces oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, caspase activity, brain water content, and cerebral infarct volume; increases antioxidant enzyme activity and BDNF levels; improves nerve function and histopathological brain damage. Parishin C attenuates phencyclidine-induced immobility time increases, sociability deficits, and visual recognition memory impairment. Parishin C can be used for the research of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia-like psychosis[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target[1]

IL-6

 

IL-1β

 

Caspase 3

 

Caspase 9

 

NMDA Receptor

 

In Vitro

Parishin C (10 μM; 0-28 min) does not alter AMPAR and NMDAR currents in primary cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons[2].
Parishin C (10 μM) does not alter voltage-dependent sodium, potassium, or calcium currents in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons[2].
Parishin C (10 μM; 0-20 min) prevents soluble Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced NMDAR current impairment in primary cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons[2].
Parishin C (10-10-10-5 M) displays high binding affinity for 5-HT1A receptors in isolated rat hippocampal membranes, with a Ki of 1.54 nM[3].
Parishin C (10-10-10-5 M) acts as a 5-HT1A receptor full agonist in isolated rat hippocampal membranes, stimulating [35S]GTPγS binding by 78.4% with an EC50 of 34 nM[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Parishin C Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Parishin C (25-100 mg/kg/day; i.p.; daily; 21 days) exerts dose-dependent neuroprotective effects against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemic stroke in rats, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and cerebral injury[1].
Parishin C (20 mg/kg; i.p.; two consecutive days or 10 μM; i.c.v.; 10 minutes before Aβ1-42 injection) significantly ameliorates soluble Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced LTP impairment in male Wistar rats[2].
Parishin C (20 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) does not alter baseline synaptic transmission or LTP induction in healthy male Wistar rats[2].
Parishin C (25-100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 26 days) dose-dependently attenuates phencyclidine-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits in male C57BL/6J mice via activation of 5-HT1A receptors[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Wistar (male, 8-10 weeks old, 200-220 g, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model)[1]
Dosage: 25 mg/kg/day; 50 mg/kg/day; 100 mg/kg/day
Administration: i.p.; daily; 21 days
Result: Significantly reduced neurological deficit scores in a dose-dependent manner compared to the MCAO-only group.
Significantly reduced brain water conten.
Reduced neuronal necrobiosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.
Significantly increased brain tissue activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
Significantly reduced brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
Significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of SOD1, CAT, and GSH-Px.
Significantly reduced brain tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).
Significantly reduced brain tissue activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.
Significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume.
Animal Model: Wistar (male, 240-260 g, Alzheimer's disease model induced by i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers)[2]
Dosage: 20 mg/kg (i.p. group); 10 μmol/L (i.c.v. group)
Administration: i.p.; two consecutive days; 10 μM; i.c.v.; 10 minutes before Aβ1-42 injection
Result: Ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced LTP impairment significantly, resulting in a population spike amplitude of 179% of baseline (compared to the Aβ1-42 group's 149%, P < 0.05, n=5).
Protected against Aβ1-42-induced LTP reduction significantly, resulting in a population spike amplitude of 210% of baseline (compared to the Aβ1-42 group's 149%, P < 0.05, n=5).
Animal Model: Phencyclidine-induced schizophrenia-like C57BL/6J (male, 25 g)[3]
Dosage: 25, 50, 100 mg/kg
Administration: i.p.; daily; 26 days
Result: Attenuated PCP-induced increases in immobility time in the forced swimming test in a dose-dependent manner.
Attenuated phencyclidine (PCP)-induced sociability deficits in the social interaction test in a dose-dependent manner.
Attenuated PCP-impaired visual recognition memory in the novel object recognition test in a dose-dependent manner.
Showed all behavioral effects significantly inhibited by co-administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 (HY-10349) at 100 mg/kg.
Molecular Weight

728.65

Formula

C32H40O19
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]1CO)OC2=CC=C(COC(CC(C(O)=O)(O)CC(OCC3=CC=C(O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O)O[C@@H]4CO)C=C3)=O)=O)C=C2
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (137.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (137.24 mM)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.3724 mL 6.8620 mL 13.7240 mL
5 mM 0.2745 mL 1.3724 mL 2.7448 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

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Concentration (final)

C2

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Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.43 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.43 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.24%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (246 KB) HNMR (192 KB) RP-HPLC (423 KB) MS (841 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 1.3724 mL 6.8620 mL 13.7240 mL 34.3100 mL
5 mM 0.2745 mL 1.3724 mL 2.7448 mL 6.8620 mL
10 mM 0.1372 mL 0.6862 mL 1.3724 mL 3.4310 mL
15 mM 0.0915 mL 0.4575 mL 0.9149 mL 2.2873 mL
20 mM 0.0686 mL 0.3431 mL 0.6862 mL 1.7155 mL
25 mM 0.0549 mL 0.2745 mL 0.5490 mL 1.3724 mL
30 mM 0.0457 mL 0.2287 mL 0.4575 mL 1.1437 mL
40 mM 0.0343 mL 0.1716 mL 0.3431 mL 0.8578 mL
50 mM 0.0274 mL 0.1372 mL 0.2745 mL 0.6862 mL
60 mM 0.0229 mL 0.1144 mL 0.2287 mL 0.5718 mL
80 mM 0.0172 mL 0.0858 mL 0.1716 mL 0.4289 mL
100 mM 0.0137 mL 0.0686 mL 0.1372 mL 0.3431 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Parishin C Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Parishin C174972-80-65-HT ReceptoriGluRCaspaseInterleukin RelatedTNF ReceptorSODNF-κBSerotonin Receptor5-hydroxytryptamine ReceptorIonotropic glutamate receptorsILTumor Necrosis Factor ReceptorTNFRSuperoxide DismutaseNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBschizophrenia-like psychosisBDNFrat hippocampal pyramidal neuronsischemic strokeGastrodia elataNMDA receptor5-HT1A receptorAlzheimer's diseaseAβ-induced long-term potentiation damageblood-brain barrierInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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