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Results for "

Electron transport chain

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (14) ATP Synthase (5) Autophagy (3) Bacterial (6) Calcium Channel (2) Caspase (1) ClpP (1) Cytochrome P450 (2) Endogenous Metabolite (9) Environmental Pollutants (8) ERK (1) Ferroptosis (4) Fungal (3) GABA Receptor (2) Glycosidase (2) Herbicide (2) Insecticide (6) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) MEK (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (26) Na+/K+ ATPase (2) NO Synthase (2) Oxidative Phosphorylation (4) Parasite (7) PARP (1) Photosystem II (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (13) Reference Standards (10) Succinate Dehydrogenase (1) Virus Protease (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (19) Cardiovascular Disease (5) Endocrinology (3) Infection (23) Inflammation/Immunology (6) Metabolic Disease (13) Neurological Disease (8)

By Targets:

Antibiotic (2)

Apoptosis (14)

ATP Synthase (5)

Autophagy (3)

Bacterial (6)

Calcium Channel (2)

Caspase (1)

ClpP (1)

Cytochrome P450 (2)

Endogenous Metabolite (9)

Environmental Pollutants (8)

ERK (1)

Ferroptosis (4)

Fungal (3)

GABA Receptor (2)

Glycosidase (2)

Herbicide (2)

Insecticide (6)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4)

Keap1-Nrf2 (2)

MEK (1)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (26)

Na+/K+ ATPase (2)

NO Synthase (2)

Oxidative Phosphorylation (4)

Parasite (7)

PARP (1)

Photosystem II (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (13)

Reference Standards (10)

Succinate Dehydrogenase (1)

Virus Protease (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (19)

Cardiovascular Disease (5)

Endocrinology (3)

Infection (23)

Inflammation/Immunology (6)

Metabolic Disease (13)

Neurological Disease (8)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Targets Recommended: FATP Branched Chain Amino Acid Transaminase (BCAT) ELOVL

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Neurological Disease
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic	Infection Cancer
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-136406

Bongkrekic acid 1 Publications Verification	ATP Synthase	Infection Cancer
Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans . Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic	Infection
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-Y0488A

Formic acid ammonium 2 Publications Verification Ammonium formate	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel NO Synthase Bacterial ATP Synthase	Metabolic Disease
Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed .

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Glycosidase	Metabolic Disease
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders .

HY-N12257

Antimycin A2 2 Publications Verification	Cytochrome P450 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Infection Cancer
Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains .

HY-N0354

Anthraquinone 3 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Virus Protease	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation and agrochemicals, existing in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Anthraquinone has biological activities: anticancer, antiinflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant. Anthraquinone also plays an important role in the primary metabolism of plants by acting on the electron transport chain through the inhibition of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Anthraquinone can intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II (topo II) enzyme, resulting in cell death via Apoptosis .

HY-113355

NADH	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-126222A

MitoTam iodide, hydriodide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d9 CoQ10-d₉; Ubiquinone-10-d₉	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-119687

Bifenazate	Environmental Pollutants GABA Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism Insecticide Na+/K+ ATPase	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-B1756R

Rotenone (Standard)	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-125283

IM176OUT05 2-Me-Phen hydrochloride; 2-Me-Phenformin hydrochloride	Mitochondrial Metabolism Oxidative Phosphorylation	Metabolic Disease
IM176OUT05 (2-Me-Phen hydrochloride), a biguanide, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor. IM176OUT0 inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity with an IC₅₀ of 3.2 μM. IM176OUT05 activates stem cell metabolism, promotes hair regrowth and increases stemness induction and maintenance during the pluripotent stem cell generation process .

HY-N0111S

Coenzyme Q10-d6 CoQ10-d₆; Ubiquinone-10-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-158421

MS-L6	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MS-L6 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can acts as electron transport chain complexes I (ETC-I) combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect .

HY-N0111R

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) CoQ10 (Standard); Ubiquinone-10 (Standard); Ubidecarenone (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-B1848

Hexaflumuron	Environmental Pollutants Insecticide	Others
Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits chitin synthesis during insect molting .

HY-W014684

Lilial	Environmental Pollutants Keap1-Nrf2 Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Endocrinology
Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-126222

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative , is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells .

HY-B1853

Simetryn	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis ERK Herbicide MEK	Cardiovascular Disease
Simetryn is a triazine herbicide that exerts teratogenicity. Simetryn inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer in the chloroplast photosystem II and activates the MEK/Erk signaling pathway. Simetryn triggers vascular and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish and tadpoles, suppresses proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces malformations. Simetryn serves as a tool to establish a zebrafish model for studying arteriovenous malformations and related pathogenesis. Simetryn controls paddy weeds and can be used for research on developmental and vascular disorders .

HY-120338

RYL-552	Mitochondrial Metabolism Parasite	Infection
RYL-552, a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, is a P. falciparum NADH dehydrogenase 2 (PfNDH2)** inhibtor .

HY-162066

DNDI-6174	Parasite	Infection
DNDI-6174 is an orally active Leishmania cytochrome b (Qi site of cytochrome bc1 complex/complex III) inhibitor. DNDI-6174 binds to the Qi site of Leishmania cytochrome b, inhibits cytochrome bc1 complex activity in the parasite's electron transport chain across promastigote and axenic amastigote stages. DNDI-6174 reduces parasite burden in rodent models, inhibits growth of various Leishmania species, drug-resistant clinical isolates, and Trypanosoma cruzi, with marginal activity against Trypanosoma brucei. DNDI-6174 can be used for the research of visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis .

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-121242

Buthidazole VEL-5026	Photosystem II	Others
Buthidazole is a selective herbicide for weed control in corn. Buthidazole inhibits photosynthetic electron transport at two distinct sites in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The major site of inhibition was on the reducing side of photosystem II. Another site of electron transport inhibition is on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Buthidazole inhibits corn photosynthesis and prevents starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts and some ultrastructural disruption of mesophyl chloroplasts of corn plants .

HY-178749

MS6076	ClpP Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Caspase PARP	Cancer
MS6076 is a mitochondrial protease ClpP agonist. MS6076 specifically activates the ClpP protease in the mitochondrial matrix, significantly disrupting mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) function by accelerating the degradation of unfolded proteins. MS6076 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines. MS6076 induces cell apoptosis, increasing cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. MS6076 can be used for the research of breast cancer .

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28 1 Publications Verification	Isotope-Labeled Compounds ATP Synthase	Cancer
Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-W014684R

Lilial (Standard)	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism	Endocrinology
Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks .

HY-126222B

(E/Z)-MitoTam iodide, hydriodide MitoTax iodide, hydriodide	Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
(E/Z)-MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide) (MitoTam (iodide, hydriodide)) is the E/Z mixture of MitoTam iodide, hydriodide. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-174393

Gamhepathiopine	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Gamhepathiopine is a thienopyrimidinone compound. Gamhepathiopine exerts antimalarial effects by targeting the Q_o site of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b and inhibiting the activity of complex III in the electron transport chain .

HY-B1849R

Hexazinone (Standard)	Reference Standards Environmental Pollutants Herbicide	Others
Hexazinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexazinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexazinone is a triazinone herbicide with high mobility and persistence in soil. Hexazinone is mainly degraded by soil microorganisms, and its degradation and mineralization processes are significantly affected by soil texture (faster in clay loam) and application method (mixed application can improve its bioavailability and mineralization rate). Hexazinone exhibits mild to moderate acute oral toxicity and has significant eye irritation .

HY-B1756S

Rotenone-d3	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Neurological Disease Cancer
Rotenone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-121248

Hydramethylnon AC217300	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Hydramethylnon (AC217300) is an amidinohydrazone insecticide. Hydramethylnon's mechanism of action is through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting the electron transport chain at the cytochrome b-c1 complex. Hydramethylnon can be used to eliminate red imported fire ants, cockroaches, and other insects .

HY-170369

SHO1122147	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
SHO1122147 (Compound 7m) affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, exhibits mitochondrial uncoupling activity (EC₅₀=3.6 μM), and increases the oxygen consumption rate (OCR=69%) and promotes cellular respiration. SHO1122147 is orally active, and can be used in reaearch of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) .

HY-130055R

HQNO (Standard)	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
HQNO (Standard) is the analytical standard of HQNO. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III[1]. HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species[2].

HY-178033

Antileishmanial agent-35	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
Antileishmanial agent-35 (Compound 6) is an antileishmanial agent with an IC₅₀ of 0.29μM for promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Antileishmanial agent-35 significantly decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and further increases the production of ROS by a blockage in the electron transport chain, where ubiquinone intervenes. Antileishmanial agent-35 can be used for cutaneous leishmaniases research .

HY-162515

8-OAc	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
8-OAc is a potent and selective mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I inhibitor. 8-OAc exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines .

HY-119984

DNP-INT	Cytochrome P450	Others
DNP-INT is a potent photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) inhibitor. DNP-INT competently inhibits the oxidation of plastid quinoline by binding to the Q0 site of Cyt-b6f (Kd=1.4 nM), thereby inhibiting electron transfer in plants .

HY-B1848R

Hexaflumuron (Standard)	Reference Standards Insecticide	Others
Hexaflumuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexaflumuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits chitin synthesis during insect molting .

HY-149998

Antimycobacterial agent-5	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Infection
Antimycobacterial agent-5 (compound 27) is an imidazopyridine amide targeting mycobacterial electron transport chain (ETC) airway CIII₂CIV₂ supercomplexes. The IC₅₀ value of Antimycobacterial agent-5 against Mycobacterium smegmatisCIII₂CIV₂ is 441 nM .

HY-W725476

Bifenazate-d5	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
Bifenazate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bifenazate (HY-119687). Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-119687R

Bifenazate (Standard)	Reference Standards GABA Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism Na+/K+ ATPase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Insecticide	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
Bifenazate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bifenazate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-176246

Antitubercular agent-52	Bacterial	Infection
Antitubercular agent-52 (Compound 7k) is an antitubercular agent targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Antitubercular agent-52 selectively inhibits the cytochrome bcc (cyt-bcc) electron transport chain of Mtb and also acts on cytochrome bd (cyt-bd). Antitubercular agent-52 blocks electron transfer and ATP production by interfering with the key energy metabolism pathway of Mtb. Antitubercular agent-52 is promising for research of tuberculosis .

HY-N1839

3-Hydroxybakuchiol	Apoptosis Glycosidase	Cancer
3-Hydroxybakuchiol can be isolated from Otholobium mexicanum J. W. Grimes. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol has antitumor activity, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol also has moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC₅₀: 345 μM) .

HY-19877

GSK932121	Parasite	Infection
GSK932121 is an antimalarial drug with activity that inhibits the electron transport chain of P. falciparum. GSK932121 acts selectively on this pathogen at the level of cytochrome bc1 (complex III). The synthesis method of GSK932121 is highly efficient, and the final structure can be obtained in only 5 steps. The synthesis of GSK932121 can be prepared atK_ilog scale to support clinical studies .

HY-N12887

Mycothiazole	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others Cancer
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC₅₀ is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .

HY-125283A

IM176OUT05 free base 2-Me-Phen; 2-Me-Phenformin	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
IM176OUT05 free base (2-Me-Phen), a biguanide, is a mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitor. IM176OUT0 free base inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity with an IC₅₀ of 3.2 μM. IM176OUT05 free base activates stem cell metabolism, promotes hair regrowth and increases stemness induction and maintenance during the pluripotent stem cell generation process .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P11475

DD-S067	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection
DD-S067 is an antibacterial peptide. DD-S067 exhibits multiple antibacterial mechanisms, including disrupting both the outer and inner bacterial membranes, and inducing ROS that trigger lipid peroxidation. DD-S067 inhibits the electron transport chain. DD-S067 demonstrates potent antibacterial activity, achieving a GM value of 4.1 μM against 27 MDR bacteria. DD-S067 exhibits significant protective effects in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Cancer Agricultural Research	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Quinones Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Cardiovascular Disease Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-Y0488A

Formic acid ammonium 2 Publications Verification Ammonium formate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel NO Synthase Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed .

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Polysaccharides other families Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Glycosidase
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders .

HY-N12257

Antimycin A2 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains .

HY-N0354

Anthraquinone 3 Publications Verification	Seeds of Cassia tora Linn. Quinones Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Anthraquinones Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Virus Protease
Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation and agrochemicals, existing in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Anthraquinone has biological activities: anticancer, antiinflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant. Anthraquinone also plays an important role in the primary metabolism of plants by acting on the electron transport chain through the inhibition of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Anthraquinone can intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II (topo II) enzyme, resulting in cell death via Apoptosis .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-B1756R

Rotenone (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Apoptosis
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N0111R

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) CoQ10 (Standard); Ubiquinone-10 (Standard); Ubidecarenone (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-130055R

HQNO (Standard)	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO (Standard) is the analytical standard of HQNO. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III[1]. HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species[2].

HY-N1839

3-Hydroxybakuchiol	Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification Otholobium mexicanum (L.f.) J.W.Grimes	Apoptosis Glycosidase
3-Hydroxybakuchiol can be isolated from Otholobium mexicanum J. W. Grimes. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol has antitumor activity, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol also has moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC₅₀: 345 μM) .

HY-N12887

Mycothiazole	Natural Products Marine natural products Sponge Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC₅₀ is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .

HY-Y0488AR

Formic acid ammonium (Standard) Ammonium formate (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards NO Synthase Calcium Channel Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Formic acid ammonium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d9
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-N0111S

Coenzyme Q10-d6
Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28

1 Publications Verification

Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-B1756S

Rotenone-d3
Rotenone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-W725476

Bifenazate-d5
Bifenazate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bifenazate (HY-119687). Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

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