Flavor Compound Standards

L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.

Quercetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.

L-Arginine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Arginine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline. L-Arginine is a potent vasodilator, and can be used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis.

Pyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyruvic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyruvic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Citric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citric acid (HY-N1428). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a precursor of pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli.

Spermine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects.

L-Phenylalanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Phenylalanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.

Stearic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Stearic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Stearic acid is a long-chain dietary saturated fatty acid that can significantly reduce visceral fat by inducing apoptosis of preadipocytes. Stearic acid can be used in the study of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Taurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes.

L-Cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

p-Coumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of p-Coumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. p-Coumaric acid (trans-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid) is an isomer of cinnamic acid with oral activity. p-Coumaric acid inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. p-Coumaric acid has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities.

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (α-Ketoisocaproic acid), an abnormal metabolite, is both a neurotoxin and a metabotoxin.

Fumaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fumaric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Indole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indole is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound which widely distributed in the natural environment and can be produced by a variety of bacteria. Indole regulates various aspects of bacterial physiology, including spore formation, plasmid stability, resistance to drugs, biofilm formation, and virulence as an intercellular signal molecule.

Protocatechuic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Protocatechuic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.

Andrographolide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Andrographolide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Andrographolide is a NF-κB inhibitor, which inhibits NF-κB activation through covalent modification of a cysteine residue on p50 in endothelial cells without affecting IκBα degradation or p50/p65 nuclear translocation. Andrographolide has antiviral effects.

Thymol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thymol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects.

Tyrosol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tyrosol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tyrosol is a derivative of phenethyl alcohol. Tyrosol attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines from cultured astrocytes and NF-κB activation. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Benzoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol existing naturally in many plants and is a common additive to food, drinks, cosmetics and other products. It acts as preservatives through inhibiting both bacteria and fungi.