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  4. Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid  (Synonyms: Acetylformic acid)

Cat. No.: HY-Y0781 Purity: 99.21%
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Pyruvic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 127-17-3

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid or liquid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 16 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Pyruvic acid:

Pyruvic acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Pyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 May 29.  [Abstract]

    Measurements of lipid peroxidation and cell death in HuCCT‐1‐WT or PCK1S90A HuCCT‐1 after 36 h of indicated treatments (10 mmol/L glucose; 10 mmol/L Pyruvic acid sodium; 10 mmol/L Nala), followed by exposure to 10 µmol/L RSL3 for an additional 36 h.

    Pyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Aug 13;73(32):20385-20395.  [Abstract]

    EDU analysis to assess the proliferation ability of goat EECs under Pyruvic acid sodium (PA: 100 μg/mL) with or without OMA1 plasmid.

    Pyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Aug 13;73(32):20385-20395.  [Abstract]

    Effect of OMA1 overexpression on cell proliferation and mitochondrial structure and function in goat endometrial epithelial cells under Pyruvic acid sodium (100 μg/mL; 48 h) treatment. Western blot analysis of the expression levels of OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2.

    Pyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicology. 2025 Oct 13:519:154309.  [Abstract]

    Renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with DMSO, 3 mM Pyruvic acid sodium, and 25 μM lovastatin (with or without 3 mM Pyruvic acid sodium) for 48 hours. ROS generation of the microarray epithelial cells was assessed by DCFH-DA staining.

    Pyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicology. 2025 Oct 13:519:154309.  [Abstract]

    Renal tubular epithelial cells were treated with DMSO, 3 mM Pyruvic acid sodium, and 25 μM lovastatin (with or without 3 mM Pyruvic acid sodium) for 48 hours. Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells on the chip was measured using the LDH assay.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Pyruvic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

    IC50 & Target

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    Pyruvic acid (0.1-1 mM, 24 h) inhibits mitochondrial damage, exhibits antioxidant and protective effects against Cu2+, Zn2+ or H2O2 induced neurotoxicity in GT1-7 and N-2A cells[2][3].
    Pyruvic acid (1-5 mM, 48 h) promotes the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Pyruvic acid Related Antibodies

    Cell Viability Assay[2]

    Cell Line: N-2A cell
    Concentration: 0.1-1 mM
    Incubation Time: 24 h
    Result: Maintained cell viability.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    88.06

    Formula

    C3H4O3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    <11°C Solid,>12°C Liquid

    Color

    Colorless to light yellow

    SMILES

    CC(C(O)=O)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, stored under nitrogen

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (1135.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 100 mg/mL (1135.59 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 11.3559 mL 56.7795 mL 113.5589 mL
    5 mM 2.2712 mL 11.3559 mL 22.7118 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (28.39 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (28.39 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.21%

    SDS (477 KB)

    COA (248 KB) HNMR (126 KB) GC (215 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / H2O 1 mM 11.3559 mL 56.7795 mL 113.5589 mL 283.8974 mL
    5 mM 2.2712 mL 11.3559 mL 22.7118 mL 56.7795 mL
    10 mM 1.1356 mL 5.6779 mL 11.3559 mL 28.3897 mL
    15 mM 0.7571 mL 3.7853 mL 7.5706 mL 18.9265 mL
    20 mM 0.5678 mL 2.8390 mL 5.6779 mL 14.1949 mL
    25 mM 0.4542 mL 2.2712 mL 4.5424 mL 11.3559 mL
    30 mM 0.3785 mL 1.8926 mL 3.7853 mL 9.4632 mL
    40 mM 0.2839 mL 1.4195 mL 2.8390 mL 7.0974 mL
    50 mM 0.2271 mL 1.1356 mL 2.2712 mL 5.6779 mL
    60 mM 0.1893 mL 0.9463 mL 1.8926 mL 4.7316 mL
    80 mM 0.1419 mL 0.7097 mL 1.4195 mL 3.5487 mL
    100 mM 0.1136 mL 0.5678 mL 1.1356 mL 2.8390 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Pyruvic acid Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Pyruvic acid127-17-3Acetylformic acidEnvironmental PollutantsEndogenous MetaboliteEnvironmental ContaminantsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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