2. Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Galectin
  4. Thiodigalactoside

Thiodigalactoside (TDG) is an orally active and potent galectin (GAL) inhibitor with Kd values of 24 μM, 49 μM for GAL1 and GAL3, respectively. Thiodigalactoside, a non-metabolizable disaccharide, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Thiodigalactoside dramatically reduces body weight gain in diet-induced obese rats.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 51555-87-4

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
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Customer Review

Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Thiodigalactoside Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Thiodigalactoside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Aug 11:10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5.  [Abstract]

    Thiodigalactoside (TG: 2.5 mg/mL) pre-treatment in RAW macrophages significantly reduces the number of galectin-9 puncta.

    Thiodigalactoside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Aug 11:10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5.  [Abstract]

    In in vitro RAW 264.7 macrophages, Thiodigalactoside (TG) pre-treatment abrogates the LNP-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1α and the chemokine MCP-1.

    Thiodigalactoside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Aug 11:10.1038/s41565-025-01974-5.  [Abstract]

    When Thiodigalactoside (TG: 100 μg) and LNP were administered intravenously, TG pretreatment increased mRNA expression in the liver and spleen by approximately 2.7-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively.

    Thiodigalactoside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Jun;31(6):753-765.  [Abstract]

    The co-localization and expression of Gal-8 and PDPN were detected by immunofluorescence staining. LECs were treated with or without TNFα±TDG (Thiodigalactoside) and stained with Gal-8 (green) and PDPN (red) antibodies.

    Thiodigalactoside purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Jun;31(6):753-765.  [Abstract]

    LECs were treated with or without TNFα±TDG (Thiodigalactoside). The relative expression levels of total AKT, phosphorylated AKT, total ERK, phosphorylated ERK, Gal-8, phosphorylated IκBα, RelA, and RelB were determined by Western blotting.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Thiodigalactoside (TDG) is an orally active and potent galectin (GAL) inhibitor with Kd values of 24 μM, 49 μM for GAL1 and GAL3, respectively[1]. Thiodigalactoside, a non-metabolizable disaccharide, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Thiodigalactoside dramatically reduces body weight gain in diet-induced obese rats[2].

    IC50 & Target

    Kd: 24 μM (GAL1) and 49 μM (GAL3)[1]
    In Vitro

    Thiodigalactoside (TDG; 250 and 500 μM) exhibits dose-dependent reduction of fat accumulation based on triglyceride (TG) content and Oil Red O (ORO) staining[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Thiodigalactoside Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Thiodigalactoside (TDG; 5 mg/kg; IP; once per week for 5 weeks) results in dramatic inhibition of HFD-induced body weight gain[2].
    Thiodigalactoside (5 mg/kg; oral; daily or weekly for 5 weeks) gave less reduction in body weight gain compare with i.p.[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Five-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats[2]
    Dosage: 5 mg/kg
    Administration: IP; once per week for 5 weeks
    Result: Resulted in dramatic inhibition of HFD-induced body weight gain by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogensis as well as by increasing expression of the proteins associated with thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
    Molecular Weight

    358.36

    Formula

    C12H22O10S
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O[C@H]([C@H]1O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@@H]1O)CO)S[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]2O)CO
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 100 mg/mL (279.05 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.7905 mL 13.9525 mL 27.9049 mL
    5 mM 0.5581 mL 2.7905 mL 5.5810 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 100 mg/mL (279.05 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.97%

    SDS (252 KB)

    COA (252 KB) HNMR (197 KB) RP-HPLC (240 KB) MS (68 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O 1 mM 2.7905 mL 13.9525 mL 27.9049 mL 69.7623 mL
    5 mM 0.5581 mL 2.7905 mL 5.5810 mL 13.9525 mL
    10 mM 0.2790 mL 1.3952 mL 2.7905 mL 6.9762 mL
    15 mM 0.1860 mL 0.9302 mL 1.8603 mL 4.6508 mL
    20 mM 0.1395 mL 0.6976 mL 1.3952 mL 3.4881 mL
    25 mM 0.1116 mL 0.5581 mL 1.1162 mL 2.7905 mL
    30 mM 0.0930 mL 0.4651 mL 0.9302 mL 2.3254 mL
    40 mM 0.0698 mL 0.3488 mL 0.6976 mL 1.7441 mL
    50 mM 0.0558 mL 0.2790 mL 0.5581 mL 1.3952 mL
    60 mM 0.0465 mL 0.2325 mL 0.4651 mL 1.1627 mL
    80 mM 0.0349 mL 0.1744 mL 0.3488 mL 0.8720 mL
    100 mM 0.0279 mL 0.1395 mL 0.2790 mL 0.6976 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Thiodigalactoside Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Thiodigalactoside51555-87-4TDGGalectinorallyGALGAL1GAL3non-metabolizabledisaccharideanti-inflammatoryanti-cancerInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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