2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid

3-Hydroxybutyric acid  (Synonyms: β-Hydroxybutyric acid)

Cat. No.: HY-113378 Purity: 99.31%
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3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 300-85-6

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Solid or liquid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
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Customer Review

Based on 21 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid:

3-Hydroxybutyric acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343.  [Abstract]

    Osmotic pumps filled with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0.5-1 mM, for 7 days) inhibited the proliferation of P. berghei ANKA in female C57BL/6 mice

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343.  [Abstract]

    The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0-25 mM, 96 h) for inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of the malignant malaria parasite 3D7 strain is 7.268 mM.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 7;16(1):4224.  [Abstract]

    MLTC-1 cells were treated with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153.  [Abstract]

    PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl2 for 48 h.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153.  [Abstract]

    Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the proliferation of PC12 cells. EdU staining (red) and Hoechst staining (blue) of PC12 cells treated with 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (48 h) plus 100 µM CoCl2.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153.  [Abstract]

    Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the expression of P65. PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl2 for 48 h. The protein level of P65 in the nuclear fraction was analyzed via western blotting.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

    Representative western blots for H3K9bhb and H3K9ac and Histone H3. MLTC-1 cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 1-5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

    Representative images of H3H9ac staining in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) for 24 h. Scale bar: 20 μm.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

    HDAC activity in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM). n = 3 per group.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

    Representative images of SA-β-gal staining in MLTC-1 cells of the indicated groups. Senescent cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM) for 48 h before staining. Scale bar: 75 μm.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Dec 12:S1931-3128(24)00444-X.  [Abstract]

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid (10 mM, 1.5 h). The dynamic fluorescence intensity of calcium imaging in primary culture of vagal neurons over time in response to butyrate with or without different butyrate receptor antagonists.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9.  [Abstract]

    Fluorescence response of FiLa at the indicated concentration of lactate or other metabolites. Data are normalized to the initial value. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; BHB, β-hydroxybutyrate

    View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

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    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids[1].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is capable of interacting with lipids (modeled using a DPPC monolayer) and altering phase behavior at clinical concentrations. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid also diminishes the interfacial viscosity of DPPC Monolayers[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid Related Antibodies
    Molecular Weight

    104.10

    Formula

    C4H8O3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    <33°C Solid,>34°C Liquid

    Color

    Off-white to light yellow

    SMILES

    CC(O)CC(O)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    0.1 M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (960.61 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 6 with NaOH)

    H2O : 50 mg/mL (480.31 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 9.6061 mL 48.0307 mL 96.0615 mL
    5 mM 1.9212 mL 9.6061 mL 19.2123 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

    V1

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    Concentration (final)

    C2

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    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 25 mg/mL (240.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.79%

    SDS (394 KB)

    COA (246 KB) HNMR (229 KB) RP-HPLC (225 KB) MS (80 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / 0.1 M NaOH 1 mM 9.6061 mL 48.0307 mL 96.0615 mL 240.1537 mL
    5 mM 1.9212 mL 9.6061 mL 19.2123 mL 48.0307 mL
    10 mM 0.9606 mL 4.8031 mL 9.6061 mL 24.0154 mL
    15 mM 0.6404 mL 3.2020 mL 6.4041 mL 16.0102 mL
    20 mM 0.4803 mL 2.4015 mL 4.8031 mL 12.0077 mL
    25 mM 0.3842 mL 1.9212 mL 3.8425 mL 9.6061 mL
    30 mM 0.3202 mL 1.6010 mL 3.2020 mL 8.0051 mL
    40 mM 0.2402 mL 1.2008 mL 2.4015 mL 6.0038 mL
    50 mM 0.1921 mL 0.9606 mL 1.9212 mL 4.8031 mL
    60 mM 0.1601 mL 0.8005 mL 1.6010 mL 4.0026 mL
    80 mM 0.1201 mL 0.6004 mL 1.2008 mL 3.0019 mL
    100 mM 0.0961 mL 0.4803 mL 0.9606 mL 2.4015 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    3-Hydroxybutyric acid Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    3-Hydroxybutyric acid300-85-6β-Hydroxybutyric acidEndogenous MetabolitemetabolitetypeIdiabetesmembranelipidsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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