Cat. No.: HY-113378

3-Hydroxybutyric acid

(Synonyms: β-Hydroxybutyric acid)

24 Cited Publications

고객리뷰

Based on 24 publication(s) in Google Scholar

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.

연구목적의 판매만을 진행합니다. 환자를 대상으로 한 판매는 하지 않습니다.

Purity: 99.31%
CAS No.: 300-85-6
화학식: C₄H₈O₃
분자량:104.10

보관:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

3-Hydroxybutyric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 300-85-6

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- 제품 설명
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (24)
용액&용해도
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
순도&문서
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

제품 설명

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids^[1].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vitro

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is capable of interacting with lipids (modeled using a DPPC monolayer) and altering phase behavior at clinical concentrations. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid also diminishes the interfacial viscosity of DPPC Monolayers^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 300-85-6
Appearance <33°C Solid,>34°C Liquid
분자량 104.10
화학식 C₄H₈O₃
Color Off-white to light yellow
SMILES

CC(O)CC(O)=O
Synonyms

β-Hydroxybutyric acid
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
- Endogenous metabolite
선적

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
보관

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (24)

All In Vivo ImagingWBCell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Imaging/StainingBio/Physico-chemical Assay

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Malate initiates a proton-sensing pathway essential for pH regulation of inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 30;9(1):367. PMID: 39737965
Cancer Cell

Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 14;42(10):1729-1746.e8. PMID: 39303724
Cell Metab

Ultrasensitive sensors reveal the spatiotemporal landscape of lactate metabolism in physiology and disease. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. PMID: 36309010

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]

Fluorescence response of FiLa at the indicated concentration of lactate or other metabolites. Data are normalized to the initial value. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; BHB, β-hydroxybutyrate
Nat Metab

β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits Plasmodium falciparum development and confers protection against malaria in mice. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. PMID: 40410577

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. [Abstract]

Osmotic pumps filled with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0.5-1 mM, for 7 days) inhibited the proliferation of P. berghei ANKA in female C57BL/6 mice

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. [Abstract]

The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0-25 mM, 96 h) for inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of the malignant malaria parasite 3D7 strain is 7.268 mM.
Cell Host Microbe

Oat-β-glucan potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy through Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid. [Abstract]

2026 Jul 8;34(7):1333-1349.e10. PMID: 42214334
Cell Host Microbe

Roseburia intestinalis-derived butyrate alleviates neuropathic pain. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 8;33(1):104-118.e7. PMID: 39706182

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Jan 8;33(1):104-118.e7. [Abstract]

3-Hydroxybutyric acid (10 mM, 1.5 h). The dynamic fluorescence intensity of calcium imaging in primary culture of vagal neurons over time in response to butyrate with or without different butyrate receptor antagonists.
Nat Protoc

Comprehensive multiscale analysis of lactate metabolic dynamics in vitro and in vivo using highly responsive biosensors. [Abstract]

2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. PMID: 38307980
Nat Commun

Impaired ketogenesis in Leydig Cells drives testicular aging. [Abstract]

2025 May 7;16(1):4224. PMID: 40328805

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 7;16(1):4224. [Abstract]

MLTC-1 cells were treated with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.
Redox Biol

Histone lactylation-regulated METTL3 promotes ferroptosis via m6A-modification on ACSL4 in sepsis-associated lung injury. [Abstract]

2024 Aug:74:103194. PMID: 38852200
Mol Cell

Biased allosteric activation of ketone body receptor HCAR2 suppresses inflammation. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 7;83(17):3171-3187.e7. PMID: 37597514
Nat Chem Biol

Nuclear OXCT1 attenuates histone β-hydroxybutyrylation-mediated MHC-I transcription. [Abstract]

2026 May 27. PMID: 42204309
J Nanobiotechnology

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201
Acta Pharm Sin B

Parabacteroides distasonis promotes liver regeneration by increasing β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) production and BHB-driven STAT3 signals. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;15(3):1430-1446. PMID: 40370533
J Crohns Colitis

Intermittent ketogenic diet promotes Treg differentiation and alleviates Crohn's disease via the β-hydroxybutyrate driven AHCY-DNMT1-Foxp3 axis. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 5;20(2):jjag003. PMID: 41527294
Cell Chem Biol

Aerobic glycolysis promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NLRP3 lactylation. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 19;33(2):213-226.e5. PMID: 41643668
Free Radic Biol Med

Deciphering the rules of disulfidptosis: a genome-wide signature for identifying disulfidptosis-related genes and analyzing hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy sensitivities. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 23:241:914-932. PMID: 41138962
Cells

2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting by Enhancing Ketone Metabolism and Inhibiting the Cori Cycle. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 25;11(19):2987. PMID: 36230949
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Acetoacetate Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma to Restore Lipid Droplets in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 6;18(2):219. PMID: 40006033
J Pathol

Lactate-mediated activation of GPR81 regulates BCR/Abl protein expression in chronic myeloid leukemia cells selected under low oxygen tension. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 23. PMID: 41128634
J Nutr Biochem

Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in UUO Mice by Regulating Macrophage Proliferation. [Abstract]

2023 Aug:118:109335. PMID: 37023933
BMC Neurol

Resveratrol attenuates the CoCl2-induced hypoxia damage by regulation of lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation in PC12 cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. PMID: 40211144

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]

PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl₂, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl₂ for 48 h.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]

Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the proliferation of PC12 cells. EdU staining (red) and Hoechst staining (blue) of PC12 cells treated with 100 µM CoCl₂, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (48 h) plus 100 µM CoCl₂.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]

Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the expression of P65. PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl₂, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl₂ for 48 h. The protein level of P65 in the nuclear fraction was analyzed via western blotting.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

A bright red fluorescent genetically encoded sensor for lactate imaging. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 19:734:150449. PMID: 39096623
SSRN

2026 Jun 11.
Research Square Preprint

2024 Aug 08.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

Representative western blots for H3K9bhb and H3K9ac and Histone H3. MLTC-1 cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 1-5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

Representative images of H3H9ac staining in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) for 24 h. Scale bar: 20 μm.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

HDAC activity in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM). n = 3 per group.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.

Representative images of SA-β-gal staining in MLTC-1 cells of the indicated groups. Senescent cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM) for 48 h before staining. Scale bar: 75 μm.

용액&용해도

In Vitro:

0.1 M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (960.61 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 6 with NaOH)

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (480.31 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

9.6061 mL

48.0307 mL

96.0615 mL

5 mM

1.9212 mL

9.6061 mL

19.2123 mL

10 mM

0.9606 mL

4.8031 mL

9.6061 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

몰농도 계산기

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

농도 희석 계산기

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 25 mg/mL (240.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

순도&문서

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (271 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Hsu TT, et al. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid interacts with lipid monolayers at concentrations that impair consciousness. Langmuir. 2013 Feb 12;29(6):1948-55. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / 0.1 M NaOH	1 mM	9.6061 mL	48.0307 mL	96.0615 mL	240.1537 mL
	5 mM	1.9212 mL	9.6061 mL	19.2123 mL	48.0307 mL
	10 mM	0.9606 mL	4.8031 mL	9.6061 mL	24.0154 mL
	15 mM	0.6404 mL	3.2020 mL	6.4041 mL	16.0102 mL
	20 mM	0.4803 mL	2.4015 mL	4.8031 mL	12.0077 mL
	25 mM	0.3842 mL	1.9212 mL	3.8425 mL	9.6061 mL
	30 mM	0.3202 mL	1.6010 mL	3.2020 mL	8.0051 mL
	40 mM	0.2402 mL	1.2008 mL	2.4015 mL	6.0038 mL
	50 mM	0.1921 mL	0.9606 mL	1.9212 mL	4.8031 mL
	60 mM	0.1601 mL	0.8005 mL	1.6010 mL	4.0026 mL
	80 mM	0.1201 mL	0.6004 mL	1.2008 mL	3.0019 mL
	100 mM	0.0961 mL	0.4803 mL	0.9606 mL	2.4015 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

3-Hydroxybutyric acid

24 Cited Publications

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3-Hydroxybutyric acid

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