3-Hydroxybutyric acid
Based on 25 publication(s) in Google Scholar
3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.
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- Pureté : 99.31%
- CAS No.: 300-85-6
- Formule: C4H8O3
- Masse moléculaire:104.10
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Stockage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Activité biologique
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Chemical Information
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Solvant et solubilité
- Protocole
- Pureté et documentation
- Références
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 3-Hydroxybutyric acid
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Dec 30;9(1):367. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2024 Oct 14;42(10):1729-1746.e8. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2026 Jul 8;34(7):1333-1349.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Jan 8;33(1):104-118.e7. [Abstract]
- Nat Protoc. 2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 May 7;16(1):4224. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Aug:74:103194. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2023 Sep 7;83(17):3171-3187.e7. [Abstract]
- Nat Chem Biol. 2026 May 27. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Mar;15(3):1430-1446. [Abstract]
- J Crohns Colitis. 2026 Feb 5;20(2):jjag003. [Abstract]
- Cell Chem Biol. 2026 Feb 19;33(2):213-226.e5. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Oct 23:241:914-932. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2022 Sep 25;11(19):2987. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Feb 6;18(2):219. [Abstract]
- J Pathol. 2025 Oct 23. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2023 Aug:118:109335. [Abstract]
- Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2026 Aug 6.
- BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Nov 19:734:150449. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Jun 11.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.
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Activité biologique
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
In Vitro
3-Hydroxybutyric acid (β-Hydroxybutyric acid) is capable of interacting with lipids (modeled using a DPPC monolayer) and altering phase behavior at clinical concentrations. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid also diminishes the interfacial viscosity of DPPC Monolayers[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 300-85-6
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Appearance <33°C Solid,>34°C Liquid
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Masse moléculaire 104.10
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Formule C4H8O3
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
CC(O)CC(O)=O
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Synonyms
β-Hydroxybutyric acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Stockage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (25)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
2024 Dec 30;9(1):367. PMID: 39737965 -
Cancer Cell
Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct 14;42(10):1729-1746.e8. PMID: 39303724 -
Cell Metab
Ultrasensitive sensors reveal the spatiotemporal landscape of lactate metabolism in physiology and disease. [Abstract]2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. PMID: 36309010
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
Fluorescence response of FiLa at the indicated concentration of lactate or other metabolites. Data are normalized to the initial value. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; BHB, β-hydroxybutyrate
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Nat Metab
β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits Plasmodium falciparum development and confers protection against malaria in mice. [Abstract]2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. PMID: 40410577
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. [Abstract]
Osmotic pumps filled with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0.5-1 mM, for 7 days) inhibited the proliferation of P. berghei ANKA in female C57BL/6 mice
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2025 Jul;7(7):1330-1343. [Abstract]
The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0-25 mM, 96 h) for inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of the malignant malaria parasite 3D7 strain is 7.268 mM.
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Cell Host Microbe
Oat-β-glucan potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy through Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-derived butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid. [Abstract]2026 Jul 8;34(7):1333-1349.e10. PMID: 42214334 -
Cell Host Microbe
2025 Jan 8;33(1):104-118.e7. PMID: 39706182
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Jan 8;33(1):104-118.e7. [Abstract]
3-Hydroxybutyric acid (10 mM, 1.5 h). The dynamic fluorescence intensity of calcium imaging in primary culture of vagal neurons over time in response to butyrate with or without different butyrate receptor antagonists.
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Nat Protoc
Comprehensive multiscale analysis of lactate metabolic dynamics in vitro and in vivo using highly responsive biosensors. [Abstract]2024 May;19(5):1311-1347. PMID: 38307980 -
Nat Commun
2025 May 7;16(1):4224. PMID: 40328805
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 7;16(1):4224. [Abstract]
MLTC-1 cells were treated with 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.
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Redox Biol
Histone lactylation-regulated METTL3 promotes ferroptosis via m6A-modification on ACSL4 in sepsis-associated lung injury. [Abstract]2024 Aug:74:103194. PMID: 38852200 -
Mol Cell
2023 Sep 7;83(17):3171-3187.e7. PMID: 37597514 -
Nat Chem Biol
2026 May 27. PMID: 42204309 -
J Nanobiotechnology
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Parabacteroides distasonis promotes liver regeneration by increasing β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) production and BHB-driven STAT3 signals. [Abstract]2025 Mar;15(3):1430-1446. PMID: 40370533 -
J Crohns Colitis
Intermittent ketogenic diet promotes Treg differentiation and alleviates Crohn's disease via the β-hydroxybutyrate driven AHCY-DNMT1-Foxp3 axis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 5;20(2):jjag003. PMID: 41527294 -
Cell Chem Biol
2026 Feb 19;33(2):213-226.e5. PMID: 41643668 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Deciphering the rules of disulfidptosis: a genome-wide signature for identifying disulfidptosis-related genes and analyzing hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy sensitivities. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23:241:914-932. PMID: 41138962 -
Cells
2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting by Enhancing Ketone Metabolism and Inhibiting the Cori Cycle. [Abstract]2022 Sep 25;11(19):2987. PMID: 36230949 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
Acetoacetate Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma to Restore Lipid Droplets in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. [Abstract]2025 Feb 6;18(2):219. PMID: 40006033 -
J Pathol
Lactate-mediated activation of GPR81 regulates BCR/Abl protein expression in chronic myeloid leukemia cells selected under low oxygen tension. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23. PMID: 41128634 -
J Nutr Biochem
Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in UUO Mice by Regulating Macrophage Proliferation. [Abstract]2023 Aug:118:109335. PMID: 37023933 -
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BMC Neurol
Resveratrol attenuates the CoCl2-induced hypoxia damage by regulation of lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation in PC12 cells. [Abstract]2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. PMID: 40211144
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]
PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl2 for 48 h.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]
Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the proliferation of PC12 cells. EdU staining (red) and Hoechst staining (blue) of PC12 cells treated with 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (48 h) plus 100 µM CoCl2.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Neurol. 2025 Apr 10;25(1):153. [Abstract]
Effect of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium on the expression of P65. PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µM CoCl2, 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium, and 20 mM 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium plus 100 µM CoCl2 for 48 h. The protein level of P65 in the nuclear fraction was analyzed via western blotting.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2024 Nov 19:734:150449. PMID: 39096623 -
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3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.
Representative western blots for H3K9bhb and H3K9ac and Histone H3. MLTC-1 cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 1-5 mM) for 24 h before analysis.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.
Representative images of H3H9ac staining in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) for 24 h. Scale bar: 20 μm.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.
HDAC activity in MLTC-1 cells treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM). n = 3 per group.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research Square Preprint. 2024 Aug 08.
Representative images of SA-β-gal staining in MLTC-1 cells of the indicated groups. Senescent cells were treated with BHB (3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium; 5 mM) or Vorinostat (1 μM) for 48 h before staining. Scale bar: 75 μm.
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
0.1 M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (960.61 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 6 with NaOH)
H2O : 50 mg/mL (480.31 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (240.15 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Pureté et documentation
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Fiche technique (271 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)
Références
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / 0.1 M NaOH | 1 mM | 9.6061 mL | 48.0307 mL | 96.0615 mL | 240.1537 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.9212 mL | 9.6061 mL | 19.2123 mL | 48.0307 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9606 mL | 4.8031 mL | 9.6061 mL | 24.0154 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.6404 mL | 3.2020 mL | 6.4041 mL | 16.0102 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4803 mL | 2.4015 mL | 4.8031 mL | 12.0077 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3842 mL | 1.9212 mL | 3.8425 mL | 9.6061 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6010 mL | 3.2020 mL | 8.0051 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2402 mL | 1.2008 mL | 2.4015 mL | 6.0038 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1921 mL | 0.9606 mL | 1.9212 mL | 4.8031 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1601 mL | 0.8005 mL | 1.6010 mL | 4.0026 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1201 mL | 0.6004 mL | 1.2008 mL | 3.0019 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0961 mL | 0.4803 mL | 0.9606 mL | 2.4015 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
3-Hydroxybutyric acid Related Classifications
HY-113378 Related Classifications
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