4-Octyl itaconate
Based on 94 publication(s) in Google Scholar
4-Octyl Itaconate is a cell-permeable Itaconate derivative. Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.92%
- CAS No.: 3133-16-2
- Formula: C13H22O4
- Molecular Weight:242.31
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 4-Octyl itaconate
More- Cell Metab. 2025 Feb 4;37(2):514-526.e5. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2019 Aug.
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2026 Jun;23(6):619-634. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2022 Aug 4;82(15):2844-2857.e10. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Oct 28. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 18;14(1):5778. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2024 May 8. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2025 Jun 11;13(1):60. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 21:e2411554. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2026 Jan 2:S2090-1232(26)00005-6. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2026 Jun;58(6):1927-1939. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2026 May 8;24(1):652. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2023 Oct 3;21(1):358. [Abstract]
- Int J Oral Sci. 2022 May 31;14(1):27. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 May:92:104133. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 May:92:104101. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 Mar:90:104016. [Abstract]
- Mol Biomed. 2025 Dec 19;6(1):143. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Dec 23;21(1):327. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Oct 24;18(16):6189-6209. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2022 Jun 20;10(4):1552-1563. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Apr 9;121(15):e2400675121. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Feb 5;23(1):63. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 May:154:158031. [Abstract]
- BMC Med. 2025 Dec 29;23(1):698. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Mar:182:108-118. [Abstract]
- Apoptosis. 2025 Jun;30(5-6):1410-1423. [Abstract]
- Apoptosis. 2025 Apr;30(3-4):991-1004. [Abstract]
- Apoptosis. 2024 Oct;29(9-10):1738-1756. [Abstract]
- Regen Biomater. 2024 Mar 1:11:rbae020. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Mar:159:114301. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 Feb 2;8(1):43. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Mar 30;45(4):117179. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Feb 28;42(3):112145. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2024 Apr;14(4):e1661. [Abstract]
- J Cell Biol. 2025 Dec 1;224(12):e202501122. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2025 Aug 25;31(1):282. [Abstract]
- Biomater Sci. 2023 Mar 28;11(7):2445-2460. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Dec;242(Pt 3):117405. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2023 Jul:213:115631. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Aug:202:115137. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Apr:198:114935. [Abstract]
- Inflammopharmacology. 2024 May 20. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2025 Mar 12;14(6):419. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Investig. 2025 Jun 25.
- Commun Biol. 2024 Nov 10;7(1):1484. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2022 Jun 29;5(1):641. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2024 May 18. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2023 Sep 25;19(9):e1011657. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 15;23(8):4392. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2021 May 25;12:651444. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Nov 10:177122. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Dec 25:146:113945. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol.2024 May 22:135:112277. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Sep 21;124(Pt B):110915. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Commun. 2025 Feb.
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 024 Nov 29;1871(3):167600. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Apr;28(7):e18207. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023 Apr;1869(4):166656. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2022 Mar 11:2022:5766434. [Abstract]
- Front Chem. 2021 May 12;9:669308. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2019 Nov;33(11):12929-12940. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2023 Mar.
- Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 13;16(1):13365. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 31. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 10;16(1):8201. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 1;13(1):14359. [Abstract]
- Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. 2026 Jan 14.
- IUBMB Life. 2025 May;77(5):e70022. [Abstract]
- Ren Fail. 2024 Dec;46(2):2403653. [Abstract]
- Arch Biochem Biophys. 2022 Nov 30:731:109420. [Abstract]
- Med Gas Res. 2026 Mar 1;16(1):26-32. [Abstract]
- Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Nov 24;53(1):115. [Abstract]
- Exp Biol Med. 2023 Dec;248(23):2408-2420. [Abstract]
- J Mol Neurosci. 2022 Oct;72(10):2125-2135. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2024 May 10;19(5):e0303516. [Abstract]
- Virology. 2022 Dec:577:84-90. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2021 Feb;21(2):141. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jun 11:557:77-84. [Abstract]
- Naturwissenschaften. 2025 Oct 20;112(6):82. [Abstract]
- Inhal Toxicol. 2026 May;38(5):252-267. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jun 5.
- SSRN. 2026 May 15.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 29.
- J Physiol Investig. 2025 Jul 4. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Jul 29.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Feb 21.
- Research Square Print. 2023 Jan 24.
- Research Square Print. November 29th, 2022.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 11:2022:9897442. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Aug 17:2021:9932099. [Abstract]
- Ann Transl Med. 2021 Apr;9(8):712. [Abstract]
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WB
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IF
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RT-PCR
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IF
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WB
Biological Activity
Nrf2[1]
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 3133-16-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 242.31
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Formula C13H22O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OCCCCCCCC)CC(C(O)=O)=C
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Synonyms
4-OI
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (94)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
Itaconate transporter SLC13A3 confers immunotherapy resistance via alkylation-mediated stabilization of PD-L1. [Abstract]2025 Feb 4;37(2):514-526.e5. PMID: 39809284 -
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Cell Mol Immunol
2026 Jun;23(6):619-634. PMID: 42120931 -
Mol Cell
2022 Aug 4;82(15):2844-2857.e10. PMID: 35662396 -
ACS Nano
On-Demand Collaborative Delivery for Remodeling the Senescent Microenvironment in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. [Abstract]2025 Oct 28. PMID: 41147252 -
Nat Commun
Metabolic Reprogramming via ACOD1 depletion enhances function of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophages in solid tumors. [Abstract]2023 Sep 18;14(1):5778. PMID: 37723178 -
Cell Death Differ
2024 May 8. PMID: 38719928 -
Bone Res
Inflammatory macrophage-derived itaconate inhibits DNA demethylase TET2 to prevent excessive osteoclast activation in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11;13(1):60. PMID: 40500265 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
4-Octyl Itaconate Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Promoting Angiogenesis via ERK Signaling Activation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 21:e2411554. PMID: 39836624 -
J Adv Res
Nrf2 deficiency in myeloid cells accelerates atherosclerosis by promoting the inflammatory response and impairing efferocytosis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 2:S2090-1232(26)00005-6. PMID: 41485574 -
Exp Mol Med
Identification of a metabolic-immune crosstalk in Still's disease: monocyte/macrophage-derived immunometabolite itaconate dictates hepatic immunopathology via the CXCL10-CD8 T cell axis. [Abstract]2026 Jun;58(6):1927-1939. PMID: 42249091 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Biomimetic hybrid nanoparticles for dual regulation of macrophage pyroptosis and metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2026 May 8;24(1):652. PMID: 42104436 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Bioinspired nanovesicles released from injectable hydrogels facilitate diabetic wound healing by regulating macrophage polarization and endothelial cell dysfunction. [Abstract]2023 Oct 3;21(1):358. PMID: 37789401 -
Int J Oral Sci
Four-Octyl itaconate ameliorates periodontal destruction via Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system. [Abstract]2022 May 31;14(1):27. PMID: 35637195
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Oral Sci. 2022 May 31;14(1):27. [Abstract]
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining indicated 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) (50 mg/kg; injected locally; daily for 14 days ) could play a pivotal role in decreasing alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis models.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Oral Sci. 2022 May 31;14(1):27. [Abstract]
4-octyl itaconate (4-OI; 200 μM) induces a shift in polarization phenotype of macrophages in vitro. Expression of M1 and M2-related genes in RAW 264.7 using qRT-PCR (The M1-related IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, iNOS, CD86, and the M2-related TGF-β, Arg-1 and CD206).
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Oral Sci. 2022 May 31;14(1):27. [Abstract]
4-octyl itaconate (4-OI; 200 μM) induces a shift in polarization phenotype of macrophages in vitro. Micrographs showing staining of iNOS, CD86 and CD206 obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Oral Sci. 2022 May 31;14(1):27. [Abstract]
The role of Nrf2 exerted in the protection of 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI; 200 μM) against periodontal inflammation. a The Nrf2 protein expression in nuclei fraction lysates quantified by Western blotting. The expression of Nrf2 downstream ARE-dependent proteins in RAW264.7 measured by Western blotting.
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Redox Biol
ACOD1-itaconate in macrophage attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in benign airway stenosis by upregulating and transferring FTH1. [Abstract]2026 May:92:104133. PMID: 41865719 -
Redox Biol
Stromal cell-derived itaconate promotes endometriosis via macrophage NRF2 and lysosomal pH modulation. [Abstract]2026 May:92:104101. PMID: 41780193 -
Redox Biol
Unveiling a novel function of Aconitase-2: attenuating lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of pulmonary endothelial apoptosis. [Abstract]2026 Mar:90:104016. PMID: 41637882 -
Mol Biomed
Neutrophil Irg1/itaconate axis protects against experimental colitis by suppressing local inflammation and maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 19;6(1):143. PMID: 41417165 -
J Neuroinflammation
Accumulated BCAAs and BCKAs contribute to the HFD-induced deterioration of Alzheimer's disease via a dysfunctional TREM2-related reduction in microglial β-amyloid clearance. [Abstract]2024 Dec 23;21(1):327. PMID: 39716292 -
Int J Biol Sci
4-Octyl itaconate regulates immune balance by activating Nrf2 and negatively regulating PD-L1 in a mouse model of sepsis. [Abstract]2022 Oct 24;18(16):6189-6209. PMID: 36439878
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Oct 24;18(16):6189-6209. [Abstract]
Western blotting confirmes that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ expression are significantly higher in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS and are significantly inhibited by OI (4-Octyl Itaconate) (62.5, 125 µM; 12 h).
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Cell Death Dis
Immune-responsive gene 1/itaconate activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in microglia to protect against spinal cord injury in mice. [Abstract]2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. PMID: 35145070
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. [Abstract]
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) results for microglia treated with different concentrations of 4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI) for 24 and 48 h.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. [Abstract]
Evaluated the effect of 4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI; 20-80 μM) on the LPS-induced inflammation model. The mRNA expression of iNOS, COX2 and IL-6 are measured by qRT-PCR.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. [Abstract]
Evaluated the effect of 4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI; 20-80 μM) on the LPS-induced inflammation model. The protein expression of iNOS, COX2 and IL-6 are measured by western blot.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 10;13(2):140. [Abstract]
After 48 h of co-cultivation with 4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI; 80 μM)-treated microglia, the proportion of apoptotic PC12 cells decreased significantly, the expression of Cleave-caspase3 decreased, and the expression of Bcl2 increased.
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Genes Dis
Protective effects of IRG1/itaconate on acute colitis through the inhibition of gasdermins-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation response. [Abstract]2022 Jun 20;10(4):1552-1563. PMID: 37397544 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
The IRG1-itaconate axis protects from cholesterol-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 9;121(15):e2400675121. PMID: 38564634 -
Cell Commun Signal
IRG1/itaconate enhances efferocytosis by activating Nrf2-TIM4 signaling pathway to alleviate con A induced autoimmune liver injury. [Abstract]2025 Feb 5;23(1):63. PMID: 39910615 -
Phytomedicine
Schisandrin B alleviates liver allograft rejection by stabilizing ACOD1 in Kupffer cells to potentiate itaconate-NRF2-mediated suppression of CD8+ T cell chemotaxis. [Abstract]2026 May:154:158031. PMID: 41795300 -
BMC Med
2025 Dec 29;23(1):698. PMID: 41466279 -
Free Radic Biol Med
4-Octyl itaconate suppresses the osteogenic response in aortic valvular interstitial cells via the Nrf2 pathway and alleviates aortic stenosis in mice with direct wire injury. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. PMID: 35787451
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. [Abstract]
CCK-8 assay of the viability of valve interstitial cells treated with different concentrations of 4-Octyl Itaconate (OI) for 24 h.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. [Abstract]
Representative images showing immunofluorescent staining of Nrf2 (red) after valve interstitial cells are treated with 40 μM 4-Octyl Itaconate (OI) for 2 h.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. [Abstract]
Relative quantification of the mRNA expression of Nrf2, Hmox1 and NQO1 after valve interstitial cells are treated with different concentrations of 4-Octyl Itaconate (OI) for 4 h.
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1;188:404-418. [Abstract]
Representative Western blot images and quantification of Hmox1 and NQO1 protein expression after valve interstitial cells are treated with different concentrations of 4-Octyl Itaconate (OI) for 24 h.
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Free Radic Biol Med
Immune-responsive gene 1 protects against liver injury caused by concanavalin A via the activation Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of ROS activation pathways. [Abstract]2022 Mar:182:108-118. PMID: 35231555 -
Apoptosis
Pharmacological inhibition of STING-mediated GPX4 autophagic degradation by 4-octyl itaconate ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2025 Jun;30(5-6):1410-1423. PMID: 40119983 -
Apoptosis
Itaconate promotes mitophagy to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]2025 Apr;30(3-4):991-1004. PMID: 39924585 -
Apoptosis
IRG1/Itaconate inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of CD69+CD103+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells in autoimmune hepatitis by regulating the JAK3/STAT3/P53 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct;29(9-10):1738-1756. PMID: 38641760 -
Regen Biomater
Fabrication of a 3D bioprinting model for posterior capsule opacification using GelMA and PLMA hydrogel-coated resin. [Abstract]2024 Mar 1:11:rbae020. PMID: 38529352 -
Biomed Pharmacother
4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to promote cuproptosis in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2023 Mar:159:114301. PMID: 36706634 -
Cell Death Discov
Itaconate inhibits ferroptosis of macrophage via Nrf2 pathways against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. [Abstract]2022 Feb 2;8(1):43. PMID: 35110526 -
Cell Rep
4-octyl itaconate inhibits cytokine-mediated inflammation via alkylation of TYK2 and JAK1. [Abstract]2026 Mar 30;45(4):117179. PMID: 41915469 -
Cell Rep
4-octyl itaconate as a metabolite derivative inhibits inflammation via alkylation of STING. [Abstract]2023 Feb 28;42(3):112145. PMID: 36862550
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Feb 28;42(3):112145. [Abstract]
4-Octyl Itaconate (4-OI; 250 µM; 2 h) significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of STING and the activation of downstream signaling molecules in RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Clin Transl Med
ACOD1, rather than itaconate, facilitates p62-mediated activation of Nrf2 in microglia post spinal cord contusion. [Abstract]2024 Apr;14(4):e1661. PMID: 38644791 -
J Cell Biol
Irg1l regulates neuromast size via metabolic reprogramming to promote supporting cell proliferation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 1;224(12):e202501122. PMID: 41147954 -
Mol Med
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides challenged macrophages ameliorate acetaminophen induced liver injury by activating TLR9/IRG1/itaconate metabolic pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 25;31(1):282. PMID: 40855408 -
Biomater Sci
Injectable hydrogel loaded with 4-octyl itaconate enhances cartilage regeneration by regulating macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2023 Mar 28;11(7):2445-2460. PMID: 36757828 -
Biochem Pharmacol
ACOD1/Itaconate regulates trophoblast function through the PI3K/Akt/FOLR1 axis to participate in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion. [Abstract]2025 Dec;242(Pt 3):117405. PMID: 41047036 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Macrophage scavenger receptor A1 antagonizes abdominal aortic aneurysm via upregulating IRG1. [Abstract]2023 Jul:213:115631. PMID: 37257722 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Itaconate alleviates β2-microglobulin-induced cognitive impairment by enhancing the hippocampal amino-β-carboxymuconate-semialdehyde-decarboxylase/picolinic acid pathway. [Abstract]2022 Aug:202:115137. PMID: 35700758 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Itaconate attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibiting STING/NF-κB axis in chondrocytes and promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. [Abstract]2022 Apr:198:114935. PMID: 35104478 -
Inflammopharmacology
4-Octyl itaconate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via activating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. [Abstract]2024 May 20. PMID: 38767761 -
Cells
Ameliorative Effect of Itaconic Acid/IRG1 Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Necroptosis in Granulosa Cells via PERK-ATF4-AChE Pathway in Bovine. [Abstract]2025 Mar 12;14(6):419. PMID: 40136668 -
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Commun Biol
Protective role of aconitate decarboxylase 1 in neuroinflammation-induced dysfunctions of the paraventricular thalamus and sleepiness. [Abstract]2024 Nov 10;7(1):1484. PMID: 39523388 -
Commun Biol
Four-octyl itaconate improves osteoarthritis by enhancing autophagy in chondrocytes via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway inhibition. [Abstract]2022 Jun 29;5(1):641. PMID: 35768581 -
Inflammation
4-Octyl Itaconate Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Via Regulating Microglia. [Abstract]2024 May 18. PMID: 38761250 -
PLoS Pathog
Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins induces an NRF-2-mediated antiviral state that is subverted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Abstract]2023 Sep 25;19(9):e1011657. PMID: 37747932 -
Int J Mol Sci
Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 Deficiency Exacerbates Mouse Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate. [Abstract]2022 Apr 15;23(8):4392. PMID: 35457208 -
Front Pharmacol
4-OI Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury via Regulating Oxidative Stress and the Inflammatory Response. [Abstract]2021 May 25;12:651444. PMID: 34113251
4-Octyl itaconate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2021 May 25;12:651444. [Abstract]
Nrf2 knockdown attenuates the protective effect of 4-Octyl Itaconate (OI) in CCl4-treated NCTC 1469 cells.
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Eur J Pharmacol
4-Octyl itaconate inhibits vascular calcification partially via modulation of HMOX-1 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Nov 10:177122. PMID: 39532225 -
Int Immunopharmacol
IRG1/Itaconate inhibits hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis and attenuates TAA-induced liver fibrosis by regulating SLC39A14 expression. [Abstract]2024 Dec 25:146:113945. PMID: 39724735 -
Int Immunopharmacol
IRG1/itaconate alleviates acute liver injury in septic mice by suppressing NLRP3 expression and its mediated macrophage pyroptosis via regulation of the Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2024 May 22:135:112277. PMID: 38788445 -
Int Immunopharmacol
4-Octyl itaconate inhibits inflammation to attenuate psoriasis as an agonist of oxeiptosis. [Abstract]2023 Sep 21;124(Pt B):110915. PMID: 37741130 -
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Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Nrf2 protects against oxidative damage induced by hemoglobin in the liver of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). [Abstract]024 Nov 29;1871(3):167600. PMID: 39615659 -
J Cell Mol Med
4-octyl itaconate alleviates cisplatin-induced ferroptosis possibly via activating the NRF2/HO-1 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Apr;28(7):e18207. PMID: 38506087 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Immune response gene 1 deficiency aggravates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via promotion of redox-sensitive AKT suppression. [Abstract]2023 Apr;1869(4):166656. PMID: 36706797 -
Mediators Inflamm
Hepatoprotective Role of 4-Octyl Itaconate in Concanavalin A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis. [Abstract]2022 Mar 11:2022:5766434. PMID: 35310452 -
Front Chem
The Emerging Application of Itaconate: Promising Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Opportunities. [Abstract]2021 May 12;9:669308. PMID: 34055739 -
FASEB J
Octyl itaconate inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Hrd1 and activating Nrf2 signaling. [Abstract]2019 Nov;33(11):12929-12940. PMID: 31490085 -
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Sci Rep
Protective role of IRG1/itaconate in acute myocardial injury: association with NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2026 Mar 13;16(1):13365. PMID: 41826607 -
Sci Rep
Pomolic acid alleviates CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis in mice by suppressing β-arrestin 2-mediated pro-fibrotic macrophage polarization. [Abstract]2026 Mar 31. PMID: 41917130 -
Sci Rep
4-Octyl itaconate alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury by regulating ferroptosis via the OTUB1/TRAF3 axis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 10;16(1):8201. PMID: 41667684 -
Sci Rep
Nrf2 inhibition increases sensitivity to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer by promoting ferroptosis and pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Sep 1;13(1):14359. PMID: 37658132 -
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IUBMB Life
2025 May;77(5):e70022. PMID: 40391788 -
Ren Fail
4-Octyl itaconate attenuates renal tubular injury in db/db mice by activating Nrf2 and promoting PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Dec;46(2):2403653. PMID: 39291665 -
Arch Biochem Biophys
RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis of 4-octyl itaconate repressing myogenic differentiation. [Abstract]2022 Nov 30:731:109420. PMID: 36183843 -
Med Gas Res
Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1;16(1):26-32. PMID: 40580185 -
Mol Biol Rep
MPP+ disorders Irg1-Itaconate axis to promote M1 polarization of microglia by activating succinate dehydrogenase. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24;53(1):115. PMID: 41284105 -
Exp Biol Med
4-Octyl itaconate alleviates renal ischemia reperfusion injury by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress via Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Dec;248(23):2408-2420. PMID: 38158612 -
J Mol Neurosci
The Prevention and Reversal of a Phenytoin-Resistant Model by N-acetylcysteine Therapy Involves the Nrf2/P-Glycoprotein Pathway at the Blood-Brain Barrier. [Abstract]2022 Oct;72(10):2125-2135. PMID: 36028602 -
PLoS One
Itaconic acid inhibits nontuberculous mycobacterial growth in pH dependent manner while 4-octyl-itaconic acid enhances THP-1 clearance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in vitro. [Abstract]2024 May 10;19(5):e0303516. PMID: 38728330 -
Virology
Itaconate derivative 4-OI inhibits PRRSV proliferation and associated inflammatory response. [Abstract]2022 Dec:577:84-90. PMID: 36323047 -
Exp Ther Med
4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways in mice. [Abstract]2021 Feb;21(2):141. PMID: 33456508 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Protective effects of 4-octyl itaconate against inflammatory response in angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress in human primary retinal pigment epithelium. [Abstract]2021 Jun 11:557:77-84. PMID: 33862463 -
Naturwissenschaften
Gamma-aminobutyric acid attenuates cortisol-induced damage in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells via Nrf2 signaling. [Abstract]2025 Oct 20;112(6):82. PMID: 41114738 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (412.69 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.32 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.32 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (268 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.1269 mL | 20.6347 mL | 41.2694 mL | 103.1736 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8254 mL | 4.1269 mL | 8.2539 mL | 20.6347 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4127 mL | 2.0635 mL | 4.1269 mL | 10.3174 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2751 mL | 1.3756 mL | 2.7513 mL | 6.8782 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2063 mL | 1.0317 mL | 2.0635 mL | 5.1587 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1651 mL | 0.8254 mL | 1.6508 mL | 4.1269 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1376 mL | 0.6878 mL | 1.3756 mL | 3.4391 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1032 mL | 0.5159 mL | 1.0317 mL | 2.5793 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0825 mL | 0.4127 mL | 0.8254 mL | 2.0635 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0688 mL | 0.3439 mL | 0.6878 mL | 1.7196 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0516 mL | 0.2579 mL | 0.5159 mL | 1.2897 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0413 mL | 0.2063 mL | 0.4127 mL | 1.0317 mL |