Gramine (Synonyms: Donaxine)

Name: Gramine
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0166
Rating: 5.0 (4 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0166 Purity: 99.80%: Data Sheet
COA

SDS
Handling Instructions
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Gramine (Donaxine) is an alkaloid, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 87-52-5

Size	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.2 mg)	Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	Get quote
200 mg	Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Gramine:

Gramine (Standard) In-stock
Gramine-d₂ Get quote

4 Publications Citing Use of MCE Gramine

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

Flow Cytometry

: Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]; 549 cells were treated with 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, or Gramine (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 500, 1000 μM) using the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Then, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8.

: Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]; The A549 cells were infected with the H5N6-GFP virus at an MOI of 0.005, followed by treatment with 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, and Gramine (50 μM) at indicated concentrations for 24 h. After that, the GFP intensity was acquired using fluorescence microscopy.

: Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]; The percentage of GFP-positive cells was calculated through flow cytometry treated with Gramine (50 μM).

: Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]; The viral PB2 and NP proteins were analyzed by Western blotting treated with Gramine (50 μM).

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Gramine (Donaxine) is an alkaloid, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively^[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist^[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties^[1].

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: 3.2 µM (AdipoR2), 4.2 µM (AdipoR1)^[1]

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BGC-823	IC₅₀	62.8 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 100 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	74.5 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	77.3 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]

In Vitro

Gramine is an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively^[1]. Gramine is a potential β2-AR agonist^[2].
Gramine (20 μM to 1.2 nM) dose-dependently inhibits the growth of AdipoR1/adipoR2-positive cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells), with IC₅₀s of 9.6±0.9 and 0.1±0.1 μM, respectively^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

174.25

Formula

C₁₁H₁₄N₂

CAS No.

87-52-5

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CN(C)CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 125 mg/mL (717.36 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	5.7389 mL	28.6944 mL	57.3888 mL
5 mM	1.1478 mL	5.7389 mL	11.4778 mL
10 mM	0.5739 mL	2.8694 mL	5.7389 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.80%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (278 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (253 KB) HNMR (179 KB) RP-HPLC (246 KB) MS (68 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Sun Y, et al. Identification of adiponectin receptor agonist utilizing a fluorescence polarization based high throughput assay. PLoS One. 2013 May 14;8(5):e63354. [Content Brief]

[2]. Chikazawa M, et al. Identification of Functional Food Factors as β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists and Their Potential Roles in Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2018;64(1):68-74. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	5.7389 mL	28.6944 mL	57.3888 mL	143.4720 mL
	5 mM	1.1478 mL	5.7389 mL	11.4778 mL	28.6944 mL
	10 mM	0.5739 mL	2.8694 mL	5.7389 mL	14.3472 mL
	15 mM	0.3826 mL	1.9130 mL	3.8259 mL	9.5648 mL
	20 mM	0.2869 mL	1.4347 mL	2.8694 mL	7.1736 mL
	25 mM	0.2296 mL	1.1478 mL	2.2956 mL	5.7389 mL
	30 mM	0.1913 mL	0.9565 mL	1.9130 mL	4.7824 mL
	40 mM	0.1435 mL	0.7174 mL	1.4347 mL	3.5868 mL
	50 mM	0.1148 mL	0.5739 mL	1.1478 mL	2.8694 mL
	60 mM	0.0956 mL	0.4782 mL	0.9565 mL	2.3912 mL
	80 mM	0.0717 mL	0.3587 mL	0.7174 mL	1.7934 mL
	100 mM	0.0574 mL	0.2869 mL	0.5739 mL	1.4347 mL

Gramine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Gramine87-52-5DonaxineAdiponectin ReceptorReverse TranscriptaseAdipoRsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Gramine (Synonyms: Donaxine)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Gramine:

Gramine Related Antibodies

4 Publications Citing Use of MCE Gramine

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Gramine Related Antibodies

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Gramine Related Classifications

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