Endocrinology (内分泌学)

Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium, 100X (ITS-G) is a mixture of Insulin, transferrin, and sodium selenite that is a general supplement designed for use in classic media such as DMEM, RPMI-1640, and nutrient media such as Ham's F-12, DMEM/F-12. Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium is added to basal medium to reduce the amount of fetal calf serum required to culture cells.

Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma.

Prednisolone is a potent, orally active corticosteroid and a glucocorticoid. Prednisolone possesses about four times the anti-inflammatory activity of hydrocortisone while causing less salt and water retention. Prednisolone can be used for ocular, anti-inflammatory research.

Pepsin is the major pig and human gastric proteases, it is a pepsin-like minor gastric proteolytic enzymes. Pepsin contributes to proteolysis of food proteins in the vertebrate stomach.

Plerixafor octahydrochloride (AMD3100 octahydrochloride) is a selective CXCR4 antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 44 nM.

Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.

Reparixin is a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 activation with IC₅₀s of 1 and 100 nM, respectively.

Prednisone (Adasone) is a corticosteroid agent with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that can be used to study diseases related to systemic lupus erythematosus.

Ivacaftor (VX-770) is a potent and orally bioavailable CFTR potentiator, targeting G551D-CFTR and F508del-CFTR with EC₅₀s of 100 nM and 25 nM, respectively.

RS 504393 is a selective CCR2 chemokine receptor antagonist (IC₅₀ values are 89 nM and > 100 μM for inhibition of human recombinant CCR2 and CCR1 receptors respectively).

Picropodophyllin (AXL1717) is a selective insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1 nM.

Liothyronine sodium is an active form of thyroid hormone. Liothyronine sodium is a potent thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ agonist with K_is of 2.33 nM for hTRα and hTRβ, respectively.

Atenolol ((RS)-Atenolol) is a cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker, with a K_i of 697 nM at β1-adrenoceptor in guine pig left ventricle membrane. Atenolol can be used for the research of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain.

Metoprolol is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.

Aprepitant (MK-0869) is a selective and high-affinity neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist with a K_d of 86 pM.

D-Desthiobiotin is a biotin derivative. D-Desthiobiotin increases testosterone. D-Desthiobiotin is used in affinity chromatography and protein chromatography, also can be used for protein and cell labeling, detection and isolation.

INT-777 is a potent TGR5 agonist with an EC₅₀ of 0.82 μM.

Daidzein is a soy isoflavone, which acts as a PPAR activator.

Octreotide (SMS 201-995) is a somatostatin receptor agonist and synthetic octapeptide endogenous somatostatin analogue. Octreotide (SMS 201-995) can bind to the somatostatin receptor and mainly subtypes 2, 3, and 5, increases Gi activity, and reduces intracellular cAMP production. Octreotide (SMS 201-995) has antitumor activity, mediates apoptosis and may also be used in disease studies in acromegaly.