Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) Activator

Indibulin (ZIO 301), an orally applicable inhibitor of tubulin assembly, shows potent anticancer activity with a minimal neurotoxicity. Indibulin reduces inter-kinetochoric tension, produces aberrant spindles, activates mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, and induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis.

ANI-7 is an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. ANI-7 inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells, and potently and selectively inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a GI₅₀ of 0.56 μM. ANI-7 induces CYP1-metabolizing mono-oxygenases by activating AhR pathway, and also induces DNA damage, checkpoint Kinase 2 (Chk2) activation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and cell death in sensitive breast cancer cell lines.

Lisavanbulin (BAL-101553) is the prodrug of the microtubule targeting agent Avanbulin (BAL 27862) (HY-106008). Lisavanbulin is a BBB-penetrant and orally active antitumor agent, especially in tumors that express high levels of end-binding protein 1. Lisavanbulin has ability to target tumor cell proliferation and affects the tumor microenvironment by reducing tumor microvasculature. Lisavanbulin is also a spindle assembly checkpoint activator. Lisavanbulin induces cell cycle arrest and subsequent death or aberrant chromosome segregation. Lisavanbulin can be studied in research for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and glioblastoma.

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate acts as a p38 MAP kinase activator, CHK2 activator, histamine H1 receptor inhibitor and serotonin receptor inhibitor. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate mediates cell cycle arrest via G1 phase arrest, G1/S transition arrest, G0/G1 phase arrest, reduced expression of cyclins D1/D2/D3, upregulated expression of HBP1, p16, p21, p27, and decreased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate induces Apoptosis by increasing PARP and cleaved PARP, as well as activating the mitochondrial caspase pathway. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate inhibits tumor growth with extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia.

Lisavanbulin (BAL-101553) dihydrochloride is the prodrug of the microtubule targeting agent Avanbulin (BAL 27862) (HY-106008). Lisavanbulin dihydrochloride exhibits antitumor activity, especially in tumors that express high levels of end-binding protein 1. Lisavanbulin dihydrochloride has ability to target tumor cell proliferation and affects the tumor microenvironment by reducing tumor microvasculature. Lisavanbulin dihydrochloride is also a spindle assembly checkpoint activator. Lisavanbulin dihydrochloride induces cell cycle arrest and subsequent death or aberrant chromosome segregation. Lisavanbulin dihydrochloride can be studied in research for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and glioblastoma.

Apoptosis inducer 49 is a selective apoptosis inducer with high specificity against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells (IC₅₀ = 2.68 μM). Apoptosis inducer 49 enhances RNA synthesis and replication stress, activates the Chk1-p21 axis, leading to S-phase arrest. Apoptosis inducer 49 can inhibit Bcl-2 and activate caspase-3. Apoptosis inducer 49 can be used for the study of Leukemia.

Americanin A is a Neolignan. Americanin A can be isolated from the seeds of Phytolacca americana. Americanin A activates ATM and ATR, initiating the subsequent signal transduction cascades that include Chk1, Chk2, and tumor suppressor p53. Americanin A targets selectively Skp2 for degradation and thereby stabilizes p27. Americanin A suppresses the activity of Cyclin B1 and its partner cdc2 to prevent entry into Mitosis. Americanin A induces Apoptosis by producing excessive ROS. Americanin A has anti-cancer activity against colorectal cancer.

Benfluron hydrochloride is an Apoptosis inducer and inhibitor of the HIV-1 Rev-RRE complex, with an IC₅₀ of 5.0 μM against the HIV-1 Rev-RRE complex. Benfluron hydrochloride induces p53 activation, and triggers phosphorylation of Chk1 at serine 345, Chk2 at threonine 68, as well as ERK1/2 at threonine 202 and tyrosine 204. Benfluron hydrochloride activates Caspase 8, Caspase 9 and Caspase 3/7, inhibits HIV-1 viral transcription, and acts as a substrate for 11β-HSD 1 and cytosolic carbonyl reductase. Benfluron hydrochloride can be used in research related to leukemia and HIV-1 infection.