2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-159112
    AW01178
    		Inhibitor
    AW01178 is a Class I HDAC inhibitor. AW01178 induces the upregulation of E-cadherin at both mRNA and protein levels and inhibits the EMT of breast cancer cells.
    AW01178
  • HY-149239
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 (8d) exhibits excellent dual inhibitory activities against Topo II and HDAC. Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 (8d) induces apoptosis.
    Topo II/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-163207
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-1 (compound M9) is a selective, orally active dual inhibitor for sEH and HDAC6, with IC50s of 2 nM, 0.72 nM and 5 nM, for human sEH, murine sEH and HDAC6, respectively. sEH/HDAC6-IN-1 reveals analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-163503
    HDAC6-IN-38
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-38 (Compound Z-7) is an inhibitor for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), with an IC50 of 3.25 nM. HDAC6-IN-38 inhibits proliferation of cells MGC 803.
    HDAC6-IN-38
  • HY-175857
    HDAC-IN-92
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-92 is a pan-HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.58 µM in A2780 cells. HDAC-IN-92 demonstrates broad-spectrum, notable cytotoxic activity against a range of human cancer cell lines, including ovarian, liver, and breast carcinomas. HDAC-IN-92 causes apoptosis and demonstrates a notable decrease in tumor cell colony formation. HDAC-IN-92 inhibits the formation of blood vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). HDAC-IN-92 exhibits anti-tumor effect in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. HDAC-IN-92 can be used for research targeting solid tumor.
    HDAC-IN-92
  • HY-10585AG
    Valproic acid sodium (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate) sodium is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid sodium activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches.
    Valproic acid sodium (GMP)
  • HY-157889
    ZINC000028464438
    		Inhibitor
    ZINC000028464438 is a selective HDAC11 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 µM. ZINC000028464438 shows almost no inhibition for other HDAC subtypes.
    ZINC000028464438
  • HY-177758
    PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 8
    		Degrader
    HDAC6 degrader-6 (Compound 11b) is a potent and selective HDAC6 PROTAC degrader with a DC50 of 1.9 nM. HDAC6 degrader-6 has no effect on the protein levels of other HDAC family members and does not degrade IKZF1, IKZF3, and GSPT1. HDAC6 degrader-6 can be used to study multiple myeloma (Pink: HDAC6 ligand (HY-177776); Blue: CRBN ligand (HY-W998281); Black: Linker).
    PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 8
  • HY-144654
    HDAC/Top-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC/Top-IN-1 is an orally active and pan HDAC/Top dual inhibitor with IC50s of 0.036 μM, 0.14 μM, 0.059 μM, 0.089 μM and 9.8 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6 and HDAC8. HDAC/Top-IN-1 efficiently induces apoptosis with S cell-cycle arrest in HEL cells. HDAC/Top-IN-1 has exhibits excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy.
    HDAC/Top-IN-1
  • HY-182904
    GV-001
    		Inhibitor
    GV-001 is a selective and orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.18 nM against HDAC6. GV-001 selectively enhances α-tubulin acetylation, reduces sIL-6 and Collagen I levels, suppresses renal cyst growth, and upregulates PC1 expression. GV-001 can be used for the study of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
    GV-001
  • HY-181086
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 is a dual inhibitor of FLT3 and HDAC. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 potently inhibits FLT3 (IC50 = 14 nM), HDAC1 (IC50 = 27 nM), HDAC6 (IC50 = 20 nM), and FLT3D853Y (IC50 = 55 nM), exhibits weak activity against HDAC8, and shows no activity against HDAC4. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 possesses kinase selectivity, plasma stability, and stability in human liver microsomes. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 demonstrates anti-proliferative effects in a variety of hematological malignancy cell lines. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 shows efficacy in the Jeko-1 xenograft model without observed significant toxicity. FLT3/HDAC-IN-3 can be used in the study of hematological malignancies.
    FLT3/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-169226
    HDAC6-IN-51
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-51 (Compound 7e) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 42.9 nM. HDAC6-IN-51 exhibits good anti-lung fibrosis activity.
    HDAC6-IN-51
  • HY-N16881
    Andrographidine E
    		Inhibitor
    Andrographidine E is a COX-2 (IC50 = 19 μM) and HDAC inhibitor, with high affinity for HDAC1 and HDAC3. Andrographidine E can specifically bind to macrophages and has potential immunotargeting properties. Andrographidine E can be used for studying inflammation.
    Andrographidine E
  • HY-155392
    Mz325
    		Inhibitor 98.10%
    Mz325 is a dual inhibitor of HDAC and Sirt2, with the IC50 of 9.7 μM to Sirt2, that play an important role in pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegeneration.
    Mz325
  • HY-179216
    KTT-1
    		Inhibitor
    KTT-1 is a kinetically selective and orally active HDAC2 inhibitor. KTT-1 exhibits high HDAC2-selectivity over HDAC1. KTT-1 inhibits osteoclast differentiation at an early stage by downregulating c-Fos expression. KTT-1 effectively suppresses arthritis symptoms in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. KTT-1 can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases.
    KTT-1
  • HY-159171
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-2 is a potent dual soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.9 nM, 46.8 nM, and 8 nM for human sEH, mouse sEH, and HDAC6, respectively. sEH/HDAC6-IN-2 can be used for the study of inflammatory pain.
    sEH/HDAC6-IN-2
  • HY-179321
    PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1
    		Degrader
    PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1 (compound SCT-1) is a potent and selective PROTAC HDAC4 degrader. PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1 reduces HDAC4 protein level, induces S phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibits cell colony formation, thereby inhibiting proliferation of the tumor cells. PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1 exhibits efficacy in a H460 mouse model. PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1 can be used for cancer research, such as lung cancer.
    PROTAC HDAC4 Degrader-1
  • HY-180934
    AMC-3-030
    		Inhibitor
    AMC-3-030 is a selective and potent dual inhibitor targeting HDAC6 and chymotrypsin-like proteasome with IC50 values of 884 and 4.17 nM. AMC-3-030 has a proliferation inhibitory effect. AMC-3-030 can reduce α-tubulin and β-actin levels. AMC-3-030 can be used for research of multiple myeloma.
    AMC-3-030
  • HY-168502
    HDAC-IN-81
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-81 (Compound 11g) is an HDAC inhibitor that can effectively inhibit HDAC1 (IC50 = 4.5 nM). HDAC-IN-81 possesses anti-cancer cell proliferation activity and can induce cell apoptosis.
    HDAC-IN-81
  • HY-175176
    HDAC1/6-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC1/6-IN-3 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. HDAC1/6-IN-3 shows excellent inhibitory activities against HDAC1 (IC50 = 1.1 nM) and HDAC6 (IC50 = 2.7 nM). HDAC1/6-IN-3 significantly arrests HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis and pyroptosis. HDAC1/6-IN-3 exhibits significant antitumor activity in the HepG2 xenograft mode. HDAC1/6-IN-3 can be used for the study of cancers such as liver cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer.
    HDAC1/6-IN-3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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