HIV
HIV-1 is an RNA retrovirus that infects immune cells through the envelope glycoprotein Env, whose mature gp120/gp41 trimer mediates viral entry into host cells[1]. Mechanistically, gp120 binds CD4 and then the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, while gp41 refolding brings viral and cellular membranes together for fusion[2][3]. After entry, viral replication depends on reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, making these enzymes core targets for antiretroviral research[4][5]. In disease relevance, untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4+ T-cell loss and immunological abnormalities, increasing infectious and oncological complications[6]. Compared with related forms, HIV-1 remains the main focus because it is described as the most virulent and pathogenic subtype in diagnostic and treatment literature[7]. For experimental applications, entry inhibitors target gp120, gp41, CCR5, or CXCR4, while enzyme inhibitors target reverse transcriptase, protease, or integrase to suppress distinct stages of the HIV life cycle[4][8].
References:
- [1]. Anang S, et al. Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles. J Virol. 2025 Dec 23;99(12):e0158525. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Teixeira C, et al. Viral surface glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, as potential drug targets against HIV-1: brief overview one quarter of a century past the approval of zidovudine, the first anti-retroviral drug. Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Apr;46(4):979-92. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Princen K, et al. HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Dec;16(6):659-77. [Content Brief]
- [4]. De Clercq E. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. doi: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.241. PMID: 15934866. et al. Emerging anti-HIV drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Palmisano L. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. doi: 10.1586/14787210.5.1.67. PMID: 17266455. et al. Role of integrase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Deeks SG, et al. HIV infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Oct 1;1:15035. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Zulfiqar HF, et al. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Greenberg M, et al. HIV fusion and its inhibition in antiretroviral therapy. Rev Med Virol. 2004 Sep-Oct;14(5):321-37. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV Related Products (903)
Related Products (903)
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(±)-trans-Lamivudine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-116252CAS No.: 131086-22-1(±)-trans-Lamivudine is separated from the salt of (S)-(+) mandelic acid. (±)-trans-Lamivudine forms cocrystals with (S)-BINOL. (±)-trans-Lamivudine is promising for research of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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Fosamprenavir (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-78726RCAS No.: 226700-79-4Synonyms: Amprenavir phosphate (Standard); GW 433908 (Standard)Fosamprenavir (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fosamprenavir. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fosamprenavir (Amprenavir phosphate;GW 433908) is a phosphate ester proagent of the antiretroviral protease inhibitor Amprenavir, with improved solubility. Anti-HIV infection.
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Rilpivirine-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10574S1Synonyms: R278474-13C6; TMC278-13C6; DB08864-13C6Rilpivirine-13C6 (R278474-13C6) is 13C labeled Rilpivirine. Rilpivirine (R278474) is a potent and specific diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Rilpivirine has high antiviral activity against wild-type HIV (EC50=0.4 nM) and mutant viruses (EC50=0.1-2.0 nM). Rilpivirine has a high genetic barrier to resistance development of HIV.
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L-697639
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-19143CAS No.: 135525-77-8
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Probenecid-d7
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0545S1CAS No.: 2012598-90-0
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Atazanavir (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: BMS-232632 (Standard)Atazanavir (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atazanavir. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a highly selective and orally active HIV-1 protease inhibitor . Atazanavir is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM. Atazanavir inhibits cardiac fibrosis, hyperlipidemia and induces malignant glioma death.
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Oltipraz (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: RP 35972 (Standard); NSC 347901 (Standard)Oltipraz (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oltipraz. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oltipraz has an inhibitory effect on HIF-1α activation in a time-dependent manner, completely abrogating HIF-1α induction at ≥10 μM concentrations, the IC50 of Oltipraz for HIF-1α inhibition is 10 μM. Oltipraz is a potent Nrf2 activator.
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Tenofovir exalidex (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-109014RCAS No.: 911208-73-6Synonyms: CMX-157 (Standard)Tenofovir exalidex (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenofovir exalidex. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenofovir exalidex (CMX157) is a lipid conjugate of the acyclic nucleotide analog Tenofovir with activity against both wild-type and antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV strains, including multidrug nucleoside/nucleotide analog-resistant viruses. Tenofovir exalidex is active against all major subtypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in fresh human PBMCs and against all HIV-1 strains evaluated in monocyte-derived macrophages, with EC50s ranging between 0.2 and 7.2 nM. CMX157 is orally available and has no apparent toxicity. Tenofovir exalidex also shows antiviral activity against HBV.
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IT1t dihydrochloride (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-101458ARCAS No.: 1092776-63-0IT1t (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of IT1t (dihydrochloride) (HY-101458A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent CXCR4 antagonist; inhibits CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction with an IC50 of 2.1 nM.
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GW695634
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-123330CAS No.: 457635-65-3GW695634 is an orally active prodrug of GW678248. GW695634 undergoes amidolysis in vivo to release the active ingredient GW678248, thereby inhibiting viral replication. GW678248 is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTi) with potent antiviral activity against Efavirenz (HY-10572)-resistant and Nevirapine (HY-10570)-resistant HIV and AIDS viruses.
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5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Hexamethylene amiloride (Standard); HMA (Standard)5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Hexamethylene amiloride) derives from an amiloride and is a potent Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, which decreases the intracellular pH (pHi) and induces apoptosis in leukemic cells. 5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Hexamethylene amiloride) is also an inhibitor of the HIV-1 Vpu virus ion channel and inhibits mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) replication and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E) replication in cultured L929 cells with EC50s of 3.91 μM and 1.34 μM, respectively.
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Amprenavir-13C6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17430S2Synonyms: VX-478-13C6
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Chloropeptin I
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N5178CAS No.: 160219-64-7
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Xanthopurpurin (Standard)
0 ImagesXanthopurpurin is an orally active anthraquinone glycoside. Xanthopurpurin can be isolated from the rhizome of Rubia akane. Xanthopurpurin has antiviral effects against rotavirus and HIV. Xanthopurpurin has a strong inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Xanthopurpurin prevents peanut allergy.
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HIV-1-IN-86
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-175550CAS No.: 2801703-64-8
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Ingenol 3-Hexanoate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-111533CAS No.: 83036-61-7Ingenol 3-Hexanoate, an ingenol semi-synthetic derivative, is a potent anticancer agent. Ingenol 3-Hexanoate can be used in research of cancer.
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(Z)-Rilpivirine
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-167642CAS No.: 500287-94-5Synonyms: (Z)-R278474; (Z)-TMC278; (Z)-DB08864(Z)-Rilpivirine ((Z)-R278474) is the (Z)-isomer of Rilpivirine (HY-10574). Rilpivirine is an effective and selective diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It exhibits potent antiviral activity against both wild-type HIV (EC50 = 0.4 nM) and mutant strains (EC50 = 0.1-2.0 nM).
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Didanosine (Standard)
0 ImagesSynonyms: 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (Standard); ddI (Standard)Didanosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Didanosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Didanosine (2',3'-Dideoxyinosine; ddI) is a a potent and orally active dideoxynucleoside analogue, and also is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Didanosine shows antiretroviral activity for HIV.
