2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel
    Neuronal Signaling
  4. iGluR

iGluR

Ionotropic glutamate receptors

iGluR

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iGluR (ionotropic glutamate receptor) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. iGluR are integral membrane proteins compose of four large subunits that form a central ion channel pore. Sequence similarity among all known glutamate receptor subunits, including the AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and δ receptors.

AMPA receptors are the main charge carriers during basal transmission, permitting influx of sodium ions to depolarise the postsynaptic membrane. NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium ions and therefore only permit ion flux following prior depolarisation. This enables them to act as coincidence detectors for synaptic plasticity. Calcium influx through NMDA receptors leads to persistent modifications in the strength of synaptic transmission.

iGluR Isoform Specific Products:

iGluR Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W015309S1
    Decanoic acid-d19
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    Decanoic acid-d199 is the deuterium labeled Decanoic acid. Decanoic acid, a component of medium chain triclycerides, is a brain-penetrant and non-competitive inhibitor of AMPA receptor. Decanoic acid has antiseizure effects.
    Decanoic acid-d<sub>19</sub>
  • HY-12597
    Quisqualic acid
    		Activator 98.0%
    Quisqualic acid (L-Quisqualic acid), a natural analog of glutamate, is a potent and pan two subsets (iGluR and mGluR) of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonist with an EC50 of 45 nM and a Ki of 10 nM for mGluR1R. Quisqualic acid is isolated from the fruits of Quisqualis indica.
    Quisqualic acid
  • HY-W016145
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate
    		Agonist 98.0%
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate acts at ionotropic and?metabotropic glutamate receptors.
    L-Glutamic acid monosodium hydrate
  • HY-100815B
    (RS)-AMPA
    		Agonist 99.82%
    (RS)-AMPA ((±)-AMPA) is a glutamate analogue and a potent and selective excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid agonist. (RS)-AMPA does not interfere with binding sites for kainic acid or NMDA receptors.
    (RS)-AMPA
  • HY-Y0966S1
    Glycine-d2
    		99.92%
    Glycine-d2 is the deuterium labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
    Glycine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-N10546
    Ganglioside GM1
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Ganglioside GM1 is a type of glycosphingolipid, mainly found on the cell membranes of the central nervous system of vertebrates. Ganglioside GM1 exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing excessive activation of NMDAR, activating TrkA and ERK1/2, and inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and autophagy. Ganglioside GM1 can be used in the research of diseases such as traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.
    Ganglioside GM1
  • HY-100811A
    7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt
    		Antagonist 99.89%
    7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt (7-CKA sodium salt) is a potent and selective antagonist of the glycine B coagonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (IC50=0.56 μM). 7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt is also a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles with a Ki of 0.59 μM. 7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt has potent antinociceptive actions after neuraxial delivery.
    7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt
  • HY-B0504R
    Creatinine (Standard)
    		Modulator
    Creatinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Creatinine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Creatinine (NSC13123) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of GABAA and NMDA receptors, with activities of antioxidation and metabolic regulation. Creatinine is generated via non-enzymatic conversion of creatine and phosphocreatine in muscle. Creatinine serum levels correlate with muscle mass, glomerular filtration rate, and extrarenal clearance, serving as an evaluation biomarker for renal function, muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, and used for perioperative renal risk assessment. In addition, Creatinine can induce specific Cryptococcus species to produce creatinine deiminase and act as their nitrogen source, while it can be secreted via renal tubules. Creatinine is widely used in research related to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal failure.
    Creatinine (Standard)
  • HY-103234A
    GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride
    		Antagonist 99.75%
    GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride is an orally active, highly selective and noncompetitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist with the IC50 values of 7.5 and 11μM, respectively. GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride has good blood brain barrier permeability and anticonvulsant effect. GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride can be used in Parkinson's disease research.
    GYKI 52466 dihydrochloride
  • HY-106467B
    Caroverine hydrochloride
    		Antagonist 98.91%
    Caroverine hydrochloride is a potent, competitive and reversible antagonist of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor. Caroverine hydrochloride is also an antioxidant and calcium-blocking agent that exhibits vasorelaxant action. Caroverine hydrochloride can be used for the research of inner ear tinnitus.
    Caroverine hydrochloride
  • HY-101528
    IDRA 21
    		Modulator 99.39%
    IDRA 21 is a positive and orally active modulator of the AMPA receptor. IDRA 21 facilitates excitatory neurotransmission via GluR1/2 receptors. IDRA 21 has the potential for the research of cognitive/memory disorders, including those associated with aging.
    IDRA 21
  • HY-13457
    TCN 201
    		Antagonist 99.20%
    TCN 201 is a potent, selective and non-competitive antagonist of GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor, with a pIC50 of 6.8. TCN 201 is selective for GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor over GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptor (pIC50<4.3).
    TCN 201
  • HY-15069
    Fanapanel
    		Antagonist 99.51%
    Fanapanel (ZK200775) is a highly selective AMPA/kainate antagonist with little activity against NMDA; have Ki values of 3.2 nM, 100 nM, and 8.5 μM against quisqualate, kainate, and NMDA, respectively.
    Fanapanel
  • HY-100456
    ZL006
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    ZL006 is a potent inhibitor of nNOS/PSD-95 interaction, and inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated NO synthesis.
    ZL006
  • HY-14777
    Radiprodil
    		Antagonist 99.16%
    Radiprodil (RGH-896) is an orally active and selective NMDA NR2B antagonist. A potential therapeutic agent in treatment of neuropathic pain and possibly other chronic pain conditions.
    Radiprodil
  • HY-114427
    NS-102
    		Antagonist 98.51%
    NS-102 is a selective kainate (GluK2) receptor antagonist. NS-102 is a potent GluR6/7 receptor antagonist.
    NS-102
  • HY-107409
    GNE 5729
    		Agonist 99.05%
    GNE 5729 is a brain permeable positive allosteric modulator of NMDAR, with an EC50 of 37 nM for GluN2A, 4.7 and 9.5 μM for GluN2C and GluN2D, respectively.
    GNE 5729
  • HY-157959
    Orphenadrine
    		Antagonist 99.71%
    Orphenadrine ((±)-Orphenadrine) is a skeletal muscle relaxant and NMDA antagonist that also has antiparkinsonian, antihistamine, antitremor, antispasmodic, and analgesic effects. Orphenadrine inhibits the binding of [3H]MK-801 to the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site of the NMDA receptor. Orphenadrine is also an anticholinergic and CYP2B inducer. Orphenadrine may exert pro-tumor effects, causing CAR nuclear translocation, resulting in microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. Orphenadrine also exerts neuronal protection, protecting rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) from 3-NPA-induced death and has inhibitory potential against neurodegenerative diseases mediated by NMDA receptor overactivation.
    Orphenadrine
  • HY-111973
    Phaseic acid
    		Antagonist 98.76%
    Phaseic acid is a Abscisic acid terpenoid catabolite that can able to activate a subset of Abscisic acid repectors. Phaseic acid is a plant hormone associated with photosynthesis arrest and abscission. Phaseic acid is the antagonist for NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) that inhibits NMDAR currents with an IC50 of 34.37 μM. Phaseic acid reduces intracellular calcium influx, and exhibits neuroprotective effect.
    Phaseic acid
  • HY-17553
    Coluracetam
    		Activator 99.87%
    Coluracetam (MKC-231) is an orally taken choline uptake enhancer. Coluracetam can improve the reduced acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of rats and mice, enhancing learning difficulties, memory deficits, and cognitive impairments. Coluracetam induces a lower degree of hepatic venous hyperglycemia.
    Coluracetam
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
iGluR Isoform Comparison

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