Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activator

Cys-PKHB1 (Cys-txCD47) TFA is a peptide conjugated to PKHB1, a CD47 agonist peptide and a thrombospondin-1 peptide mimic with antitumor effects. PKHB1 induces mitochondrial alterations, ROS generation, intracellular Ca⁺ accumulation, and calcium-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. PKHB1 induces immune system activation in breast cancer cells through immunogenic cell death.

BB2-50F is an antimicrobial agent and succinate dehydrogenase and F1Fo-ATP synthase inhibitor. BB2-50F induces ROS. BB2-50F inhibits succinate oxidation and reduces tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. BB2-50F inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and its auxotrophic, attenuated derivative mc2 6230 (ΔRD1, ΔpanCD) with an MIC of 8 μM.

Pro-GA is a γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) inhibitor. Pro-GA inhibits the enzymatic activity of GGCT, disrupts glutathione homeostasis, induces the production of mitochondrial ROS, and upregulates the expression of p21, p27 and p16 in cells. Pro-GA inhibits the growth of cancer cells, induces cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Pro-GA exerts anti-tumor effects in breast cancer xenograft mouse models. Pro-GA can be used in research related to bladder cancer and breast cancer.

Nodularin is a hepatotoxin, tumor promoter, and protein phosphatase inhibitor. Nodularin induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in normal cells (including caspase activation, upregulation of Bcl-XS, and upregulation of BAX/P53), triggers hyperphosphorylation of the MAPK/ERK, mTOR/S6K and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and induces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum membrane instability, peroxisome proliferation and increased lysosomal enzyme activity. Nodularin promotes DEN (HY-N7434)-initiated hepatocyte proliferation and adenoma formation, and inhibits proliferation, phagocytosis and chemotaxis of normal lymphocytes, oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis, as well as angiogenesis. Nodularin exhibits hepatotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity in various animal models. Nodularin can be used in studies related to liver cancer, hepatotoxicity and reproductive endocrine toxicity.

Ophthalmic acid TFA is a ubiquitous metabolite and glutathione modulator, with a K_i of 0.95 mM for glyoxalase I. Ophthalmic acid TFA competitively inhibits glyoxalase I, glutathione S-transferase, glutaredoxin, glutamate-cysteine ligase, protein disulfide reductase (glutathione), as well as non-selective cation channels. Ophthalmic acid TFA is applicable in diabetes-related research.

Azoxystrobin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azoxystrobin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

Diuron-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Diuron (HY-B0860). Diuron is an orally active phenylurea herbicide. Diuron inhibits photosynthesis in plants by blocking the formation of ATP and NADH. Diuron increases the production of ROS. Diuron increases expression of p53 in certain cell lines. Diuron has herbicidal activity against annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Diuron promotes DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer. Diuron can be used in breast cancer research.

6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane (5α-Cholestane-3β,6α-diol) is an oxysterol that promotes the production of superoxide anions in SK-N-BE cells at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM.

SHetA2 is a derivative of heteroarotinoid, that exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells with IC₅₀ of 0.37–4.6 μM. SHetA2 regulates cancer cells differentiation, induces apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, and arrest cell cycle at G2 phase. SHetA2 exhibits good pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor efficacy in mice. SHetA2 is orally active.

(E/Z)-GSK5182 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK5182 and (Z)-GSK5182 isomers. GSK5182 is a highly selective and orally active inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) with an IC₅₀ of 79 nM. GSK5182 also induces reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Traumatic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Traumatic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Traumatic Acid is a wound healing agent and a cytokinin (phytohormone). Traumatic Acid enhances the biosynthesis of collagen in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Traumatic Acid inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells viability and enhances apoptosis and oxidative stress. Traumatic Acid can be used in studies of cancer, circulatory disorders (including arterial hypertension), and skin diseases associated with oxidative stress and impaired collagen biosynthesis[1][2].

Cysteinylglycine (L-Cysteinylglycine; Cys-Gly) TFA is a dipeptide formed by the peptide bond connection of cysteine and glycine. Cysteinylglycine TFA is an important metabolic intermediate in the human body, mainly derived from the degradation of glutathione (GSH). Cysteinylglycine TFA can reduce trivalent iron to divalent iron, driving the redox cycle of iron, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulating oxidative reactions, inducing lipid peroxidation in human plasma LDL lipoproteins, and causing oxidative damage to DNA base. Cysteinylglycine TFA can be used as a biomarker to assess ischemic heart disease and breast cancer, etc^[1][2][3][4].

Nerve Growth Factor 2.5S,murine submaxillary gland is a neurotrophic polypeptide and protein growth factor isolated from murine submaxillary glands. Nerve Growth Factor 2.5S,murine submaxillary gland increases the survival rate, phagocytic capacity and superoxide anion production level of mouse cells. Nerve Growth Factor 2.5S,murine submaxillary gland acts through cell membrane surface receptors to mediate the differentiation and maintenance of adrenergic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system. Nerve Growth Factor 2.5S,murine submaxillary gland loses its activity and undergoes dimer dissociation due to oxidation; it remains active after modification of specific tryptophan residues, while its tyrosine residues are not essential for activity. Nerve Growth Factor 2.5S,murine submaxillary gland may play a role in the inflammatory process.

GL-V9 inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cell (IC₅₀ is 35.2 μM) through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. GL-V9 regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and increases the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. GL-V9 inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), enhances fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through activation of AMPK, and thus inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells. GL-V9 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model.

NBM-T-BMX-OS01 (BMX) is a derivative of Osthole (HY-N0054). NBM-T-BMX-OS01 attenuates the phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt in an AMPK-dependent manner. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 induces oxidative stress through the production of ROS. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 enhances Cisplatin-induced cell proliferation inhibition, colony formation inhibition, apoptosis (apoptosis) and cell cycle arrest. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 inhibits VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and FAK. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, as well as microvessel sprouting in rat aortic rings and angiogenesis induced by colorectal cancer cells. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 inhibits the growth of subcutaneous colorectal cancer xenografts in nude mice. NBM-T-BMX-OS01 can be used in studies related to lung cancer, colorectal cancer and angiogenesis.

Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate is a ROCK inhibitor with K_i values of 220 nM and 300 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in systemic lupus erythematosus models by inhibiting the ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate enhances autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inducing apoptosis apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes in ARPE-19 cells and significantly enhances mitochondrial transfer through these channels. Y-27632 hydrochloride hydrate promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by activating the Rac1/NOX1/ROS/AKT/PAK1 signaling cascade.

(Rac)-P1D-34 is a Pin1 PROTAC degrader that recruits cereblon, with a DC₅₀ of 177 nM. (Rac)-P1D-34 induces Pin1 degradation via proteasome- and ubiquitin-like modification-dependent pathways. (Rac)-P1D-34 upregulates ROS and DNA damage, downregulates the UPR pathway, and inhibits leukemia cell proliferation; it also sensitizes drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells to Venetoclax (ABT-199) (HY-15531) by downregulating Mcl-1 levels. (Rac)-P1D-34 can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.

Quinolinic acid-13C4, 15N is an isotopic labeled Quinolinic acid (HY-100807). Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.

3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W041080). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is an volatile organic compound with anti-biofilm and antifungal activities. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans cells. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antibacterial activities.

Diplacone is an orally active geranyl flavanone. It is isolated from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa. Diplacone reduces COX-2 levels and increases the pro-MMP2/MMP2 ratio. It induces ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Diplacone enhances mitochondrial Ca²⁺ influx and ROS production. It possesses anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities. Diplacone can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis and non-small cell lung cancer.