Art. -Nr.: HY-100442

Paquinimod

(Synonyms: ABR-215757; ABR 25757)

34 Cited Publications

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Based on 34 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Paquinimod (ABR 215757) is a specific and orally active inhibitor of S100A8/S100A9. Paquinimod rescues the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice.

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Reinheit: 99.90%
CAS. Nr.: 248282-01-1
Formel: C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₃
Molecular Weight:350.41

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Paquinimod Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 248282-01-1

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Use of MCE Products

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (34)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protokoll
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Paquinimod (ABR 215757) is a specific and orally active inhibitor of S100A8/S100A9. Paquinimod rescues the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice^[1]^[2]^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target

S100A9^[1]

In Vivo

S100A9 is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 family. Paquinimod is an immunomodulatory compound preventing S100A9 binding to TLR-4. Prophylactic treatment with S100A9 inhibitor Paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis^[1]. Paquinimod is a potent inhibitor of insulitis and diabetes development in the NOD mouse. To assess the preventive efficacy of Paquinimod on diabetes development in female NOD mice, groups of mice are treated with daily doses of 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day of Paquinimod from week 10 of age until week 20 of age. Glycosuria is analyzed on a weekly basis from 10 weeks of age until the endpoint of the experiment at 40 weeks of age. There is a clear dose-dependent reduction in diabetes development in the Paquinimod-treated mice^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 248282-01-1
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 350.41
Formel C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(C1=C(O)C2=C(C=CC=C2CC)N(C)C1=O)N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3
Synonyms

ABR-215757; ABR 25757
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (34)

All In Vivo Efficacy StudyHistological Imaging/StainingELISAIn Vivo Imaging

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Metab

The S100A8/A9 complex promotes food intake and prevents adipose tissue loss during cancer cachexia in mice. [Abstract]

2026 May 5;38(5):909-928.e8. PMID: 41780522
Gastroenterology

Fecal Detection of Calprotectin Subunits Links Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity With Chronicity of Intestinal Inflammation. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. PMID: 41295942

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]

Colitis histology score of WT mice exposed to DSS and treated with Paquinimod (10 mg/kg/d, p.o., 7d) or vehicle.

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]

Representative H&E images of WT mice exposed to DSS and treated with Paquinimod (10 mg/kg/d, p.o., 7d) or vehicle.

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2025 Nov 26:S0016-5085(25)05987-6. [Abstract]

Quantification of human recombinant S100A9 homodimers in the presence of increasing concentrations of Paquinimod, as determined by ELISA.
Cell Host Microbe

Airway dysbiosis accelerates lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. PMID: 37207649

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. [Abstract]

Barplot showing reduced lung function in emphysema mice treated with homocysteine, which was reversed by S100A8/A9 inhibitor Paquinimod (3.75mg/kg, i.g. every other day over four weeks, n = 5/group).

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Jun 14;31(6):1054-1070.e9. [Abstract]

Barplot for histopathological score showing increased lung tissue injury in emphysema mice treated with homocysteine, which was reversed by S100A8/A9 inhibitor Paquinimod (3.75mg/kg, i.g. every other day over four weeks, n = 5/group).
Nat Commun

Senescent immune cells accumulation promotes brown adipose tissue dysfunction during aging. [Abstract]

2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. PMID: 37268694
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Multifaceted Immunomodulatory Nanocomplexes Target Neutrophilic-ROS Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 31:e2411823. PMID: 39737874
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Immuno-Nanocomplexes Target Heterogenous Network of Inflammation and Immunity in Myocardial Infarction. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 25:e2402267. PMID: 39049710
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Single Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies a Unique Inflammatory Macrophage Subset as a Druggable Target for Alleviating Acute Kidney Injury. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 3;e2103675. PMID: 35112806
Theranostics

Hepatic RACK1 deficiency protects against fulminant hepatitis through myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 14;12(5):2248-2265. PMID: 35265209
Biomark Res

S100A9 as a potential novel target for experimental autoimmune cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. [Abstract]

2025 May 9;13(1):72. PMID: 40346703
Nat Cardiovasc Res

Gasdermin D-dependent platelet pyroptosis exacerbates NET formation and inflammation in severe sepsis. [Abstract]

2022;1(8):732-747. PMID: 35967457
Int J Biol Sci

Macrophage-derived S100A9 promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by disturbing mitochondrial quality control via STAT3 activation. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 22;21(7):3061-3080. PMID: 40384874
Cell Death Dis

S100A8/A9hi neutrophils induce mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in endothelial cells via mitochondrial complex I deficiency during sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 28;15(6):462. PMID: 38942784
Int J Biol Macromol

S100A9 promotes renal calcium oxalate stone formation via activating the TLR4-p38/MAPK-LCN2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. PMID: 39357728

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]

Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of calcium in nephrocalcinosis mice.

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]

Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of calcium in nephrocalcinosis mice.

Paquinimod purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136178. [Abstract]

Paquinimod (HY-100442;ip; 15 mg/kg/d for seven days) and p38 MAPK-IN-1 (HY-12839; ip; 1 mg/kg/d for seven days ) both reduced the renal deposition of CaOx crystals in nephrocalcinosis mice.
Phytomedicine

Fufang Danshen Pill improves mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating the S100a9/TLR4 axis to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 21:148:157433. PMID: 41166904
Phytomedicine

Euchrenone A10 attenuates septic lung injury though S100A8/A9-dependent TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 27:148:157336. PMID: 41038141
Free Radic Biol Med

S100A8 induces cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia via NCF2/NOX2-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 16:230:112-126. PMID: 39947495
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol

Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 Attenuates Colitis by Restoring Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Modulating Macrophage Polarization via S100A9 in an NF-κB-Dependent Manner. [Abstract]

2025;19(6):101486. PMID: 40024533
Cell Mol Life Sci

Usp14 deficiency removes α-synuclein by regulating S100A8/A9 in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2024 May 23;81(1):232. PMID: 38780644
Biochem Pharmacol

Suppression of the neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 complex ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in non-human primates. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;243(Pt 1):117484. PMID: 41177180
Inflammation

Targeting S100A9 Prevents β-Adrenergic Activation-Induced Cardiac Injury. [Abstract]

2024 Apr;47(2):789-806. PMID: 38446361
Inflammation

S100A9 Upregulation Contributes to Learning and Memory Impairments by Promoting Microglia M1 Polarization in Sepsis Survivor Mice. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;44(1):307-320. PMID: 32918665
Int J Mol Sci

Deficiency of S100A9 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Liver Injury through Regulating AKT-AMPK-Dependent Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 20;24(3):2112. PMID: 36768433
Int Immunopharmacol

S100A9 inhibition ameliorates HFpEF by modulating mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 25:163:115280. PMID: 40714466
Int Immunopharmacol

Targeting the S100A9/P38 MAPK/HSPB1 axis as a novel approach for aortic dissection therapy. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 3:149:114225. PMID: 39904041
Int Immunopharmacol

Mechanism of S100A9-mediated astrocyte activation via TLR4/NF-κB in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 25:146:113938. PMID: 39724736
Int Immunopharmacol

Direct targeting of S100A9 with Icariin counteracted acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 30:136:112296. PMID: 38810310
Int Immunopharmacol

S100a8/a9 contributes to sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by activating ERK1/2-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and respiratory dysfunction. [Abstract]

2023 Feb:115:109716. PMID: 36652759
Cancers (Basel)

Paquinimod Targeting of the S100A8/A9 Axis Suppresses Liver Metastasis in Aged Mice. [Abstract]

2026 May 19;18(10):1635. PMID: 42192994
FASEB J

TRPA1 deficiency aggravates dilated cardiomyopathy by promoting S100A8 expression to induce M1 macrophage polarization in rats. [Abstract]

2023 Jun;37(6):e22982. PMID: 37219522
J Neurochem

S100a9 Aggravates Ischemia Brain Injury via Pyroptosis Pathway: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;169(7):e70159. PMID: 40653825
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

Synergistic inhibition of CitH3 and S100A8/A9: A novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating sepsis-induced inflammation and lung injury. [Abstract]

2025 Jan-Dec:39:3946320251338661. PMID: 40390290
Curr Med Sci

Targeting Calprotectin S100A8/A9 to Overcome AML Progression in DNMT3A-Mutant Cells. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40266434
Research Square Preprint

2023 Apr 18.
medRxiv

2023 Mar 10.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (178.36 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.8538 mL

14.2690 mL

28.5380 mL

5 mM

0.5708 mL

2.8538 mL

5.7076 mL

10 mM

0.2854 mL

1.4269 mL

2.8538 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.13 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline

Solubility: 5 mg/mL (14.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protokoll

Animal Administration^[2]

Mice^[2]
Female NOD/MrkTac mice are exposed to increasing concentration of CO₂ and upon loss of consciousness euthanized by cervical dislocation. To investigate the effect of the Q-compound Paquinimod on development of glycosuria and insulitis, mice are treated with Paquinimod dissolved in drinking water at different concentrations corresponding to daily doses of about 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg body weight/day). The mice are treated with Paquinimod starting from either 10 or 15 weeks of age. The duration of treatment varies from 5 to 23 weeks in the different experiments performed^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Schelbergen RF, et al. Prophylactic treatment with S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Dec;74(12):2254-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Tahvili S, et al. Paquinimod prevents development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. PLoS One. 2018 May 9;13(5):e0196598. [Content Brief]

[3]. Qirui Guo, et al. Induction of alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates activation of aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Feb 10;29(2):222-235.e4. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.8538 mL	14.2690 mL	28.5380 mL	71.3450 mL
	5 mM	0.5708 mL	2.8538 mL	5.7076 mL	14.2690 mL
	10 mM	0.2854 mL	1.4269 mL	2.8538 mL	7.1345 mL
	15 mM	0.1903 mL	0.9513 mL	1.9025 mL	4.7563 mL
	20 mM	0.1427 mL	0.7134 mL	1.4269 mL	3.5672 mL
	25 mM	0.1142 mL	0.5708 mL	1.1415 mL	2.8538 mL
	30 mM	0.0951 mL	0.4756 mL	0.9513 mL	2.3782 mL
	40 mM	0.0713 mL	0.3567 mL	0.7134 mL	1.7836 mL
	50 mM	0.0571 mL	0.2854 mL	0.5708 mL	1.4269 mL
	60 mM	0.0476 mL	0.2378 mL	0.4756 mL	1.1891 mL
	80 mM	0.0357 mL	0.1784 mL	0.3567 mL	0.8918 mL
	100 mM	0.0285 mL	0.1427 mL	0.2854 mL	0.7134 mL

Keywords

Paquinimod

34 Cited Publications

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Paquinimod

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Anti-diabetic Compound Library

Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library

Orally Active Compound Library

Targeted Diversity Library

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Highly Selective Inhibitors Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Paquinimod

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (34)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Protokoll

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Paquinimod

Anti-Infection Compound Library

Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library

Clinical Compound Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Anti-diabetic Compound Library

Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library

Orally Active Compound Library

Targeted Diversity Library

Rare Diseases Drug Library

Human Metabolite Library

Highly Selective Inhibitors Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

Clinical Compound Library Plus

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Paquinimod

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (34)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Protokoll

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Paquinimod Related Classifications

Art. -Nr.: HY-100442