CD160

CD160 (BY55) is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored immunoglobulin superfamily receptor functioning as an inhibitory checkpoint on NK cells and T cells. CD160 is expressed on most circulating NK cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes; its extracellular IgV-like domain binds classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-E) with low affinity, as well as the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). When engaged by HVEM, CD160 delivers inhibitory signals through an undefined intracellular cascade, suppressing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and NK cytotoxicity, thereby maintaining mucosal tolerance and limiting immunopathology in the gut; CD160 also acts as an MHC class I-recognizing activating receptor in NK-cell cytotoxicity under certain conditions. In chronic viral infection and tumors, CD160 marks exhausted CD8+ T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, where its expression correlates with terminal differentiation. Soluble CD160 released by metalloprotease cleavage modulates endothelial angiogenic functions.