Cat. No.: HY-N0091

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Hypoxanthine

(Synonyms: Purin-6-ol; Sarcine)

16 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 16 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.96%
CAS No.: 68-94-0
Formula: C₅H₄N₄O
Molecular Weight:136.11

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Hypoxanthine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 68-94-0

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (16)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-431	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: hypoxanthine	Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting	[PMID: 1666120]

In Vitro

Hypoxanthine is a potential free radical generator. Hypoxanthine seems to play a role in posthypoxic reoxygenation cell injury through oxygen radical production and is therefore involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Hypoxanthine also modulates a number of other processes because it reacts with benzodiazepine receptors and inhibits phosphodiesterase in the brain. Hypoxanthine inhibits the effect of several cytotoxic drugs and may therefore influence treatment with such drugs^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

In pigs, a linear increase of plasma hypoxanthine with duration of hypoxemia is found, and there is no difference between arterial and venous plasma. There are good correlations between hypoxanthine and lactate, base deficit and pH. There is also a direct relationship between survival time and increase in plasma hypoxanthine. Survival time correlates negatively with the rate of hypoxanthine increase (r=-0.62).All animals die when hypoxanthine exceeds 125 pM/liter. The increase of hypoxanthine therefore reflected the prognosis of acute hypoxia in contrast to base deficit^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 68-94-0
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 136.11
Formula C₅H₄N₄O
Color Off-white to pink
SMILES

O=C1NC=NC2=C1N=CN2
Synonyms

Purin-6-ol; Sarcine
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (16)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayIFWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Cell Death Differ

CARM1-mediated hypoxanthine-enriched exosomes rewire inosine metabolism and impair CD8+ T cell antitumor function. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 24. PMID: 41580530
Asian J Pharm Sci

A programmable nanoreactor for photothermal immunotherapy via NIR-II triggered enzyme-catalyzed immunogenic tumor microenvironment remodeling. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;21(2):101150. PMID: 42023164
Med

Large-scale quantitative metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging define the metabolic atlas in human acute type A aortic dissection. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 27:101078. PMID: 41903544
Cancer Lett

Targeting inosine metabolism to enhance EGFR-targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 29:634:218069. PMID: 41033606

Hypoxanthine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Lett. 2025 Sep 29:634:218069. [Abstract]

Relative cell viability of PC-9 cells supplementing with inosine, adenosine, or hypoxanthine treated with osimertinib for 120 h.
J Transl Med

ZSWIM4 inhibition improves chemosensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells by suppressing intracellular glycine biosynthesis. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 21;22(1):192. PMID: 38383406

Hypoxanthine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2024 Feb 21;22(1):192. [Abstract]

Rescue experiments using exogenous supplementation of hypoxanthine (100 µM) and GSH in ZSWIM4-knockdown OVCAR8 cells.
Oncogene

The protection of UCK2 protein stability by GART maintains pyrimidine salvage synthesis for HCC growth under glucose limitation. [Abstract]

2025 May;44(16):1078-1092. PMID: 39865175

Hypoxanthine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncogene. 2025 May;44(16):1078-1092. [Abstract]

MHCC-97H cells with or without depletion of GART were treated with or without exogenous hypoxanthine (100 mM). Cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay.
Talanta

A simple, rapid and sensitive HILIC LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 16 purine metabolites in plasma and urine. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 15:267:125171. PMID: 37696233
Mol Ther Oncolytics

Oleanolic acid blocks the purine salvage pathway for cancer therapy by inactivating SOD1 and stimulating lysosomal proteolysis. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 28:23:107-123. PMID: 34703880

Hypoxanthine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Aug 28:23:107-123. [Abstract]

DNA replication arrest of cancer cells induced by OA treatment (200 mM) was restored by exogenous supplementation of hypoxanthine (Hyp) (100 mM) (E) for 8 h.

Hypoxanthine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Aug 28:23:107-123. [Abstract]

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression induced by 200 mM OA treatment was recovered by exogenous supplementation of inosine or hypoxanthine (Hyp) (100 mM).
Drug Des Devel Ther

17(R)-RvD1 Ameliorates Liver Injury in Hyperuricemia Through Inhibiting Pyroptosis via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 30:19:6573-6585. PMID: 40756265
ACS Chem Neurosci

Hypoxanthine Produces Rapid Antidepressant Effects by Suppressing Inflammation in Serum and Hippocampus. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 6;15(21):3970-3980. PMID: 39441118
BMC Neurol

Integrative analysis of purine metabolites and gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders after mycophenolate mofetil treatment. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 16;23(1):444. PMID: 38102573
bioRxiv

2026 May 6.
bioRxiv

2025 Nov 20.
bioRxiv

2025 Oct 14.
Research Square Preprint

2022 Feb.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 10 mg/mL (73.47 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

7.3470 mL

36.7350 mL

73.4700 mL

5 mM

1.4694 mL

7.3470 mL

14.6940 mL

10 mM

0.7347 mL

3.6735 mL

7.3470 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (7.35 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (7.35 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water

Solubility: 25 mg/mL (183.67 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Saugstad OD, et al. Hypoxanthine as an indicator of hypoxia: its role in health and disease through free radical production. Pediatr Res. 1988 Feb;23(2):143-50. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	7.3470 mL	36.7350 mL	73.4700 mL	183.6750 mL
	5 mM	1.4694 mL	7.3470 mL	14.6940 mL	36.7350 mL
	10 mM	0.7347 mL	3.6735 mL	7.3470 mL	18.3675 mL
	15 mM	0.4898 mL	2.4490 mL	4.8980 mL	12.2450 mL
	20 mM	0.3673 mL	1.8367 mL	3.6735 mL	9.1837 mL
	25 mM	0.2939 mL	1.4694 mL	2.9388 mL	7.3470 mL
	30 mM	0.2449 mL	1.2245 mL	2.4490 mL	6.1225 mL
	40 mM	0.1837 mL	0.9184 mL	1.8367 mL	4.5919 mL
	50 mM	0.1469 mL	0.7347 mL	1.4694 mL	3.6735 mL
	60 mM	0.1224 mL	0.6122 mL	1.2245 mL	3.0612 mL

Keywords

Hypoxanthine

16 Cited Publications

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Hypoxanthine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hypoxanthine

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (16)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Hypoxanthine Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N0091