Protease Substrate

Resorufin butyrate is a fluorogenic substrate for triglyceride lipases and cholinesterase (Ex=570 nm, Em=580 nm).

5 (6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein is a fluorescent probe substrate that acts on MRP1 and MRP3/Mrp3, passively diffuses across cell membranes, and is actively effluxed by MRP1 in MRP1-positive cells. 5 (6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein is transported across membranes in an ATP-dependent manner, but does not stimulate ATPase activity.

BZiPAR is a fluorescent probe. BZiPAR also is a substrate of trypsin that becomes fluorescent after cleavage by the protease.

Ac-IETD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate of caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-10, and granzyme B.

Mca-(ala7,lys(dnp)9)-bradykinin is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate for ECE-1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-1). The incorporation of a (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl (Mca) fluorescent group and a 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) quenching group has resulted in a large fluorescence increase upon substrate cleavage.

Z-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a fluorogenic substrate for trypsin and papain. Z-Arg-AMC hydrochloride can be used to research activity of trypsin (Ex/Em=355/460 nm).

Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity.

D-Lys(Z)-Pro-Arg-pNA diacetate is a chromogenic peptide substrate of activated protein C (APC).

4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc) can be used as a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase. 4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide is cleaved by N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase to generate a yellow solution. The enzyme activity is quantitatively determined by absorbance detection.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate is an excellent fluorophore for measuring acid lipase in human leukocytes. Acidity and solvent have important influence on its fluorescence. 4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate exists mainly as neutral molecular form which can be produced strong fluorescence at 445 nm in near neutral aqueous solutions, and exist mainly as anion form which can be produced stronger fluorescence at 445 nm in weak alkaline solutions.

Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 is a potent ruthenium-based dye. Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 can bu used as an effective quencher of quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence and the capture probe of virus antigen EV71. Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 can be used sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) labels for detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium is a fluorogenic substrate for heparan sulfate sulfamidase, with apparent K_m values of 4 mM and 8 mM for fibroblast and leukocyte enzymes, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium undergoes enzymatic desulfation to generate an intermediate, which requires a second incubation with yeast α-glucosidase to hydrolyze and release 4-methylumbelliferone, detected by fluorescence at Ex/Em = 365/450 nm. 4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium is suitable for fibroblast homogenates, leukocytes, and dried leukocyte filter paper samples, and can be used for the detection and study of enzyme activity in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA.

X-Gluc sodium is a dye reagent for the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme produced by E. coli. X-Gluc sodium can be used to detect E. coli contamination in food, water and the urinary tract (GUS as a specific detection indicator). X-Gluc sodium is also widely used in molecular biology experiments to label and detect the expression of target genes (reacts with the GUS gene, appears blue).

Rose-β-D-Gal is a chromogenic substrate, is also a β-galactosidase substrate. Rose-β-D-Gal creates a pink/magenta color after the reaction and has been used for detection of β-gal activity.

Bz-FVR-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for procathepsin with a k_cat/K_m value of 1070 mM^-1s^-1. The high concentration of BZ-FVR-AMC inhibits the substrate.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium is a fluorescent dye. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium undergoes desulphation by galactose-6-sulphate sulphatase to form 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, which is cleaved by β-galactosidase to release fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium interacts with N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) via hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and steric interactions. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium serves as a substrate in assays measuring galactose-6-sulphate sulphatase and GALNS activity. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium can be used for the research of Morquio disease type A (mucopolysaccharidosis IV A).

MBD (7-(p-Methoxybenzylamino)-4-nitrobenz-2,1,3-oxadiazole) is a hydrophobic fluorescent probe that is used to detect conformational changes of the complement subcomponent C1r during its autoactivation process. MBD acts by selectively binding to exposed hydrophobic regions on the C1r macromolecule. The detection wavelength of MBD in the free unbound state is Ex/Em = 490/560 nm, whereas the maximum emission wavelength of MBD upon binding to C1r exhibits a blue shift of approximately 20 nm relative to 560 nm.

MeO-Succ-Arg-Pro-Tyr-AMC TFA is a fluorogenic peptide substrate for chymotrypsin-like proteases that detects protease activity. (measured at 460 nm)

4-(Trifluoromethyl)umbelliferone is fluorescent probe substrate for rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Msr-blue is a first turn-on fluorescent probe for methionine sulfoxide reductase with a more than 100-fold fluorescence increment. Msr-blue is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in live cells (λex=340 nm, λem=440 nm).