Specific Dyes

N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM), a widely used G-quadruplex DNA specific fluorescent binder, is an efficient probe for monitoring Aβ fibrillation. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is an in situ inhibitor and an ex situ monitor for Aβ amyloidogenesis both in vitro and in cells. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is sensitive to G-quadruplexes DNA but has no response to duplexes, triplexes and single-stranded forms DNA. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is nonfluorescent alone or in monomeric Aβ environments, but emits strong fluorescence through stacking with the Aβ assemblies.

HMBR is an analogue with an additional methyl group on the aromatic ring and is non-fluorescent. HMBR conjugated with Y-FAST emits yellow fluorescence under blue light excitation (Ex= 419 nm; Em= 525–539 nm). HMBR is non-toxic to zebrafish embryos. HMBR has high cell permeability.

Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid. DIG is used for situ hybridization as a labeling molecule probe due to long shelf life and fast detection and high sensitivity of DIG-labeled riboprobes.

APF is a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe to measure hydroxyly radical of ROS. APF is nonfluorescent and produces bright green fluorescence upon reaction with hydroxyl radical. APF can be used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=490/525 nm).

Sulfobromophthalein (Bromosulfophthalein) disodium salt is an organic anion dye used in the study of a variety of membrane carriers expressed in animal tissues and involved in transport of agents and metabolites.

TOR-G4 is a Fluorescent probe that binds to G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures. TOR-G4 exhibits a unique fluorescence lifetime when bound to G4 compared to other structures, enabling sensitive discrimination between G4-bound and non-G4-bound states. TOR-G4 mainly colocalizes with RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleolus. TOR-G4 can be used to investigate the roles of RNA G4 in cells. TOR-G4 shows cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma cells.

Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S) is an orange azo dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of 480 nm. Sunset Yellow FCF can be used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Carmoisine (Azorubine) is an azo dye that can be used as a food additive.

Real Thiol is a reversible reaction-based fluorescent probe which can quantitatively monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics in living cells.

GNE-371 is a potent and selective chemical probe for the second bromodomains of human transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1 and transcription-initiation-factor TFIID subunit 1-like, with an IC₅₀ of 10 nM for TAF1(2).

PYBG-BODIPY is a dye and has a role as a fluorochrome. PYBG-BODIPY specifically and efficiently labels the target genetically encoded SNAP-tags in live cells.

D149 Dye is an indoline-based dye, which is a high-extinction-coefficient metal-free organic sensitizer.

4',5'-Dibromofluorescein (Eosinic acid) is a fluorescein derivative that can used as a ligand for studying of protein properties by spectral analysis.

12-(7-Nitrobenzofurazan-4-ylamino)dodecanoic acid is an amine-reactive fluorescent dye.

Benzenepentacarboxylic acid is a fluorescent dye that detects and scavenge HO radicals.

H2S probe 1 (compound 1NND) is a derivative of nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) with antitumor activity. H2S probe 1 is cytotoxic to human pancreatic cancer cell MIA PaCa-2 (IC₅₀=77.9 nM) and has a high affinity for human telomeric G-quadruplex (G4) (K_d=1.72 μM). H2S probe 1 can be used in cancer research.

PYBG-TMR is a dye and has a role as a fluorochrome. PYBG-TMR specifically and efficiently labels the target genetically encoded SNAP-tags in live cells. PYBG-TMR is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.