MPTP
Based on 90 publication(s) in Google Scholar
MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a brain penetrant dopamine neurotoxin. MPTP can be used to induce Parkinson’s Disease model. MPTP, a precusor of MPP+, induces apoptosis.
Para uso exclusivo en investigación. No vendemos a pacientes.
- Pureza: 99.78%
- No. CAS: 28289-54-5
- Fòrmula: C12H15N
- Peso molecular:173.25
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Almacenamiento:
RT, protect from light.
In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) MPTP
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Feb 24;6(1):77. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Apr 1.
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Sep 20.
- Biomaterials. 2026 Jun 1:335:124350. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Sep 14;22(1):567. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2026 Jan 1:371:124492. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Apr 12;21(1):92. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Feb 15;12(2):181. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2019 Dec 16;10(12):952. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Mar 31;123(13):e2520119123. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec 28;339(Pt 1):149946. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2025 Feb:201:115590. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2025 Jul 11;23(1):781. [Abstract]
- Redox Rep. 2026 Dec 31;31(1):2668238. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Jul 29;11(1):351. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 May 20;8(1):267. [Abstract]
- Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Feb 3:e00538. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2023 Sep 14;66(17):12614-12628. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Nov 13;12(11):1999. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Dec 17;73(50):32013-32025. [Abstract]
- Talanta. 2025 May 15:295:128302. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Jul 5:255:115417. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Bull. 2025 Nov 18. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Med. 2025 Jun;55(6):85. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2025 Nov 8;20(1):185. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug 18;14(8):1731. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 May 10:325:117857. [Abstract]
- Int J Pharm. 2020 Mar 15;577:119053. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2024 Nov.
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Oct;31(10):e70626. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Feb;30(2):e14407. [Abstract]
- Nutrients. 2022 Nov 4;14(21):4678. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2025 May 12:109954. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 19;26(6):2762. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 27;25(23):12733. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2025 May 29;45(1):53. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2026 Apr 2;31(7):1175. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2026 Jul 1:292:110950. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2026 Jun 1:290:110899. [Abstract]
- Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Jan 25:15:1087823. [Abstract]
- Bioelectrochemistry. 2020 Aug;134:107532. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2025 May 22. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Apr 21. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2024 Dec:382:114958. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Jan:383:115040. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2025 Jan:383:115001. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Sci. 2020 Oct 1;177(2):506-520. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2025 Feb.
- Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2026 Apr 2:146:111680. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Neurosci. 2026 Jan 21;17(2):367-381. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 15;15(1):13027. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 8;15(1):11947. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Mar 5;16(5):968-980. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 25;15(1):3190. [Abstract]
- Brain Res Bull. 2025 Oct 22:232:111595. [Abstract]
- Brain Res Bull. 2024 May 31:110989. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2024 Oct 1;10(21):e38822. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2020 Jul 11;6(7):e04425. [Abstract]
- Psychopharmacology. 2023 Sep;240(9):1947-1961. [Abstract]
- Neurotox Res. 2023 Jun;41(3):212-223. [Abstract]
- Neurotox Res. 2020 Jun;38(1):27-37. [Abstract]
- Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 7. [Abstract]
- 3 Biotech. 2026 Apr;16(4):146. [Abstract]
- IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2021 Nov 27:12:1-11. [Abstract]
- J Integr Neurosci. 2026 Jan 23;25(1):45758. [Abstract]
- J Integr Neurosci. 2024 Feb 4;23(2):29. [Abstract]
- Fitoterapia. 2024 Jun:175:105908. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2020 Nov 1;1746:147023. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2020 Jan 1;1726:146493. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2019 Oct 15:1721:146334. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2019 Jul 15:1715:203-212. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2016 Jul 1:1642:546-552. [Abstract]
- J Neuroimmunol. 2026 May 14:418:578968. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb:177:1-11. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Jun 11;526(4):1013-1020. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Lett. 2025 Aug 9:865:138351. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Lett. 2021 Jan 10;741:135493. [Abstract]
- Nephrology (Carlton). 2025 Feb;30(2):e70006. [Abstract]
- Cytotechnology. 2026 Feb;78(1):12. [Abstract]
- Clin Neuropharmacol. 2022 Nov-Dec;45(6):168-174. [Abstract]
- J Vis Exp. 2025 Aug 29:(222). [Abstract]
- Brain‐X. 2025 Jun 27.
- Res Sq. 2025 Apr 24.
- Res Sq. 2024 Sep 08.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Apr 17.
- Charles University. 2024 Jan 29.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Jun 26:2023.06.26.546143. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jun.
- University of Szeged. 2020 Dec.
- AfricArXiv Preprints. 2019 Aug.
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IF
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IHC
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IHC
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WB
Ver todos los productos específicos de isoformas Dopamine Receptor
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Actividad biológica
Pretreatment with 50 mM 4-phenylpyridine, reduces IC50 (concentration for 50% inhibition of twitch amplitude) values of MPTP from 53 to 18 mM and d-tubocurarine from 0.7 to 0.3 mM, respectively, in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Administration:
Acute model: 14-20 mg/kg • ip • 4 times a day, two hours apart
Sub-acute model: 20-30 mg/kg • ip • once daily for 5 days
2. MPTP is usually sold as MPTP hydrochloride. The molecular weight of MPTP hydrochloride is 209.7. Therefore, it is recommended to take into account the presence of hydrochloride (HCl) when preparing injectable solutions. HCl has a molecular weight of 35.4 and accounts for 17% of MPTP. Thus, if a 20 mg/kg dose of MPTP is to be prepared, the MPTP hydrochloride dose administered is 20 mg kg* 1.17% = 23.4 mg/kg.
3. If multiple injections are given within 1 day, it is best to alternate the injections on both sides. If injected every day, it should be done at the same time. Before each injection, the mice need to be weighed and the dosage volume should be adjusted.
4. Modeling mice may not show behavioral defects of Parkinson's disease. Mice may show individual differences, and the success rate of modeling is generally difficult to reach 100%. Therefore nigrostriatal damage associated with gliosis should be mainly monitored in MPTP mouse studies.
5. High drug dosage/mice weighing less than 22 g/mixing of drugs from different batches/mice not adapting in advance/animal room being too cold may result in a number of deaths. It is recommended that the number of animals in each group be increased, and adjust to the optimal dose according to experimental conditions.
Other markers: reduction of brain neurotransmitters (DA, DOPAC, 5-HT, HVA, etc.) (detected by HPLC);
Nigrostriatal microglia (IBA1+ cells) and astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) are activated, and the number of α-syn aggregates in the substantia nigra .
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 28289-54-5
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Appearance Solid
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Peso molecular 173.25
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Fòrmula C12H15N
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
CN1CC=C(CC1)C2=CC=CC=C2
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
RT, protect from light
In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (90)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Oral berberine improves brain dopa/dopamine levels to ameliorate Parkinson's disease by regulating gut microbiota. [Abstract]2021 Feb 24;6(1):77. PMID: 33623004 -
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Biomaterials
Nasal microenvironment self-responsive herbal hydrogel alleviates Parkinsonian pathology via the inhibition of α-synuclein liquid-liquid phase separation. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1:335:124350. PMID: 42247926 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Umbilical cord blood-derived exosomes attenuate dopaminergic neuron damage of Parkinson's disease mouse model. [Abstract]2024 Sep 14;22(1):567. PMID: 39277761 -
Carbohydr Polym
Oral efficacy of structurally defined chondroitin sulfate Co-administered with SNAC in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1:371:124492. PMID: 41198308 -
J Neuroinflammation
Nigrostriatal degeneration determines dynamics of glial inflammatory and phagocytic activity. [Abstract]2024 Apr 12;21(1):92. PMID: 38610019 -
Cell Death Dis
Inhibition of repulsive guidance molecule-a protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2021 Feb 15;12(2):181. PMID: 33589594 -
Cell Death Dis
Primary cilia mediate mitochondrial stress responses to promote dopamine neuron survival in a Parkinson's disease model. [Abstract]2019 Dec 16;10(12):952. PMID: 31844040 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Endogenous ATP-powered nanomotors directing neural stem cell differentiation for Parkinson's disease treatment. [Abstract]2026 Mar 31;123(13):e2520119123. PMID: 41880568 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Ulva polysaccharide alleviates Parkinson's disease by regulating inflammation, oxidative damage, and gut microbiota. [Abstract]2025 Dec 28;339(Pt 1):149946. PMID: 41468939 -
Food Res Int
Ergothioneine exerts neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease: Targeting α-synuclein aggregation and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2025 Feb:201:115590. PMID: 39849723 -
J Transl Med
Chronic sleep deprivation induces plasma exosome-derived miR-150-5p downregulation as a novel mechanism involved in Parkinson's disease progression by targeting DCLK1. [Abstract]2025 Jul 11;23(1):781. PMID: 40646516 -
Redox Rep
Uric acid alleviates the inflammatory response in LPS-induced BV2 cells and MPTP-induced PD mice by resisting ferroptosis through the Nrf2 signalling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Dec 31;31(1):2668238. PMID: 42241031 -
Cell Death Discov
Mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated metabolic remodeling of TCA cycle promotes Parkinson's disease through inhibition of H3K4me3 demethylation. [Abstract]2025 Jul 29;11(1):351. PMID: 40730642 -
Cell Death Discov
Regulation of BDNF transcription by Nrf2 and MeCP2 ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. [Abstract]2022 May 20;8(1):267. PMID: 35595779 -
Neurotherapeutics
Fibrinogen degradation products exacerbate alpha-synuclein aggregation by inhibiting autophagy via downregulation of Beclin1 in multiple system atrophy. [Abstract]2025 Feb 3:e00538. PMID: 39904669 -
J Med Chem
2023 Sep 14;66(17):12614-12628. PMID: 37652467 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Astrocytic Nrf2 Mediates the Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nootkatone in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. [Abstract]2023 Nov 13;12(11):1999. PMID: 38001852 -
J Agric Food Chem
Orally Administered Bacillus licheniformis F0726 Attenuates MPTP/P-Induced Neurodegeneration by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Suppressing Inflammatory Responses. [Abstract]2025 Dec 17;73(50):32013-32025. PMID: 41348525 -
Talanta
In situ imaging study of targeted iron and metabolically related molecules in tumors and brain tissues using MALDI-MS imaging. [Abstract]2025 May 15:295:128302. PMID: 40381418 -
Eur J Med Chem
Design, synthesis, and SAR study of novel flavone 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2023 Jul 5:255:115417. PMID: 37137246 -
Neurosci Bull
Agomelatine Targets Aquaporin-4 Polarization to Rescue Glymphatic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18. PMID: 41251938 -
Int J Mol Med
Ceftriaxone affects ferroptosis and alleviates glial cell activation in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2025 Jun;55(6):85. PMID: 40183389 -
Chin Med
Biomimetic nanodelivery system with simultaneous blood-brain barrier-crossing and neuroprotective abilities for anti-parkinsonian therapy. [Abstract]2025 Nov 8;20(1):185. PMID: 41204267 -
Pharmaceutics
Efficient Sustained-Release Nanoparticle Delivery System Protects Nigral Neurons in a Toxin Model of Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2022 Aug 18;14(8):1731. PMID: 36015354 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Mechanistic study of the anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity of Bushen Zhichan decoction for Parkinson's disease based on the transcriptional regulation of EAAT1 by YY1. [Abstract]2024 May 10:325:117857. PMID: 38350506 -
Int J Pharm
Highly stabilized nanocrystals delivering Ginkgolide B in protecting against the Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2020 Mar 15;577:119053. PMID: 31981707 -
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CNS Neurosci Ther
GSDMD-Deficient G-MDSCs Exert Profoundly Suppressive Activity to Relieve MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct;31(10):e70626. PMID: 41084350 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
ErbB2pY -1248 as a predictive biomarker for Parkinson's disease based on research with RPPA technology and in vivo verification. [Abstract]2024 Feb;30(2):e14407. PMID: 37564024 -
Nutrients
Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2022 Nov 4;14(21):4678. PMID: 36364939 -
J Nutr Biochem
Gut microbiota regulation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG5 enhances mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease mice via the GLP-1/PGC-1α pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 12:109954. PMID: 40368220 -
Int J Mol Sci
Identification of Key Active Constituents in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Leaves Against Parkinson's Disease and the Alleviative Effects via 4E-BP1 Up-Regulation. [Abstract]2025 Mar 19;26(6):2762. PMID: 40141407 -
Int J Mol Sci
Malvidin-3-O-Glucoside Mitigates α-Syn and MPTP Co-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Microglial HMC3 Cells. [Abstract]2024 Nov 27;25(23):12733. PMID: 39684444 -
Cell Mol Neurobiol
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Promotes Mitophagy via Miro1 Reduction to Rescue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 May 29;45(1):53. PMID: 40439946 -
Molecules
Alterations in Phospholipid Levels and Spatial Distribution in the Motor Cortex and Their Correlation with Motor Performance in an MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model. [Abstract]2026 Apr 2;31(7):1175. PMID: 41976216 -
Neuropharmacology
Novel mechanism of hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919) in Parkinson's disease: inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis by targeting the Sigma1R-PI3K-AKT-ACSL4 axis. [Abstract]2026 Jul 1:292:110950. PMID: 41887568 -
Neuropharmacology
Tetramethylpyrazine mitigates ER-stress-driven ATF4/CHOP apoptosis to protect dopaminergic neurons in cellular and MPTP models of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1:290:110899. PMID: 41771400 -
Front Aging Neurosci
2023 Jan 25:15:1087823. PMID: 36761179 -
Bioelectrochemistry
Validation of an in vivo electrochemical immunosensing platform for simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines in Parkinson's disease mice model. [Abstract]2020 Aug;134:107532. PMID: 32305864 -
Mol Neurobiol
Deletion of ZNRF2 Exacerbates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease by Activating mTOR-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Pathways. [Abstract]2025 May 22. PMID: 40402410 -
Mol Neurobiol
Inhibition of tRF- 02514 in Extracellular Vesicles Preserves Microglia Pyroptosis and Protects Against Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Apr 21. PMID: 40254704 -
Exp Neurol
Extract from Nasco pomace loaded in nutriosomes exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2024 Dec:382:114958. PMID: 39303846 -
Exp Neurol
Early α-synuclein/synapsin III co-accumulation, nigrostriatal dopaminergic synaptopathy and denervation in the MPTPp mouse model of Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Jan:383:115040. PMID: 39500391 -
Exp Neurol
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG5 inhibits neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD mice through GLP-1/PGC-1α pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan:383:115001. PMID: 39406307 -
Toxicol Sci
NF-κB Signaling in Astrocytes Modulates Brain Inflammation and Neuronal Injury Following Sequential Exposure to Manganese and MPTP During Development and Aging. [Abstract]2020 Oct 1;177(2):506-520. PMID: 32692843 -
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Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Regulation of short-term declarative memory by selective activation of the locus coeruleus-retrosplenial cortex dopaminergic pathway and its pathological alterations in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2026 Apr 2:146:111680. PMID: 41903579 -
ACS Chem Neurosci
Comprehensive Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene Profiles and Immune Characteristics in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2026 Jan 21;17(2):367-381. PMID: 41505625 -
Sci Rep
Distinct expression of NEAT1 isoforms in Parkinson's disease models suggests different roles of the variants during the disease course. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15;15(1):13027. PMID: 40234480 -
Sci Rep
Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of nutriosomes and grape pomace phytochemicals in a cell model of oxidative stress and mouse model of Parkinson disease. [Abstract]2025 Apr 8;15(1):11947. PMID: 40199915 -
ACS Chem Neurosci
Corilagin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Parkinson's Disease through Regulating the TLR4/Src/NOX2 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Mar 5;16(5):968-980. PMID: 39950827 -
Sci Rep
Icaritin alleviates motor impairment and osteoporosis in Parkinson's disease mice via the ER-PI3K/Akt pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan 25;15(1):3190. PMID: 39863664 -
Brain Res Bull
Esketamine relieves depressive-like behaviors in MPTP-induced Parkinson disease mice via GPR109A-dependent reduction of neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 22:232:111595. PMID: 41135741 -
Brain Res Bull
ICAM-1 may promote the loss of dopaminergic neurons by regulating inflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse models. [Abstract]2024 May 31:110989. PMID: 38825252 -
Heliyon
SHANK2-AS3: A potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and its role in neuronal apoptosis via NF-κB signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1;10(21):e38822. PMID: 39553632 -
Heliyon
The assessment of possible gender-related effect of endogenous striatal alpha-tocopherol level on MPTP neurotoxicity in mice. [Abstract]2020 Jul 11;6(7):e04425. PMID: 32685739 -
Psychopharmacology
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice through activation of microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype. [Abstract]2023 Sep;240(9):1947-1961. PMID: 37436491 -
Neurotox Res
Glimepiride Prevents 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Induced Dopamine Neurons Degeneration Through Attenuation of Glia Activation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. [Abstract]2023 Jun;41(3):212-223. PMID: 36705862 -
Neurotox Res
2020 Jun;38(1):27-37. PMID: 32198706 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Icaritin ameliorates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 7. PMID: 41792452 -
3 Biotech
Neuroprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin in Parkinson's disease via autophagy modulation. [Abstract]2026 Apr;16(4):146. PMID: 41853215 -
IBRO Neurosci Rep
Selenium reduces nociceptive response in acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. [Abstract]2021 Nov 27:12:1-11. PMID: 34927129 -
J Integr Neurosci
Lutein Attenuates Parkinson's Disease Progression by Regulating Mitochondrial Function via the TRIM31/Drp1 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan 23;25(1):45758. PMID: 41609041 -
J Integr Neurosci
Telmisartan Protects Mitochondrial Function, Gait, and Neuronal Apoptosis by Activating the Akt/GSK3β/PGC1α Pathway in an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2024 Feb 4;23(2):29. PMID: 38419447 -
Fitoterapia
New sesquiterpenoids with neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo from the Picrasma chinensis. [Abstract]2024 Jun:175:105908. PMID: 38479621 -
Brain Res
Ghrelin protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP neurotoxicity through promoting autophagy and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum mediated apoptosis. [Abstract]2020 Nov 1;1746:147023. PMID: 32710901 -
Brain Res
Apelin-36 mediates neuroprotective effects by regulating oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice. [Abstract]2020 Jan 1;1726:146493. PMID: 31586624 -
Brain Res
Apelin-36 mitigates MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity: Involvement of α-synuclein and endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Abstract]2019 Oct 15:1721:146334. PMID: 31306618 -
Brain Res
Apelin-13 protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting autophagy. [Abstract]2019 Jul 15:1715:203-212. PMID: 30914252
MPTP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2019 Jul 15:1715:203-212. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence for TH. The intranigral Apelin-13 injection significantly inhibits MPTP-induced the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc.
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Brain Res
2016 Jul 1:1642:546-552. PMID: 27117867
MPTP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2016 Jul 1:1642:546-552. [Abstract]
RNA 5hmC decreases in a MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. MPTP (i.p. 60 mg/kg) is injected to induce Parkinson's disease model in mice. At 24 h after last MPTP injection, open field test is performed. After behavioral tests, the hippocampus (Hipo), the substantia nigra (SN), the striatum (Str), and the cortex (Ctx) are collected and total RNA is extracted. Total 100 ng RNA is used for dot blot analysis to detect 5hmC abundance in RNA samples from different brain regions. Methylene bl
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J Neuroimmunol
The TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is involved in levofloxacin-induced alleviation of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2026 May 14:418:578968. PMID: 42139980 -
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
Therapeutic activation of autophagy by combined treatment with rapamycin and trehalose in a mouse MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2019 Feb:177:1-11. PMID: 30582934
MPTP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb:177:1-11. [Abstract]
Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on autophagy activity measured by quantified immunoreactivity of LC3-II in the s. nigra. MPTP is administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg (i.p., daily) for 4 days to induce PD-like pathology.
MPTP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb:177:1-11. [Abstract]
Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Bruceine D elevates Nrf2 activation to restrain Parkinson's disease in mice through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. [Abstract]2020 Jun 11;526(4):1013-1020. PMID: 32321640 -
Neurosci Lett
Inhibition of calcium-sensing receptor by its antagonist protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via regulating mitochondrial function, autophagy, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]2025 Aug 9:865:138351. PMID: 40789434 -
Neurosci Lett
Ursodeoxycholic acid protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress via regulating mitochondrial function, autophagy, and apoptosis in MPTP/MPP+-induced Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2021 Jan 10;741:135493. PMID: 33181233 -
Nephrology (Carlton)
Nur77 Promotes Inflammation in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through Transactivation of SERPINA3 Mediating Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Feb;30(2):e70006. PMID: 39957271 -
Cytotechnology
SERPINA1 activation by RUNX1 drives microglial M2 polarization and reduces neuronal injury in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. [Abstract]2026 Feb;78(1):12. PMID: 41383367 -
Clin Neuropharmacol
Protective Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Against Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in MPTP-Induced Parkinson Disease. [Abstract]2022 Nov-Dec;45(6):168-174. PMID: 36383915 -
J Vis Exp
Neuroprotective Effects of Intranasally Administered Octadecaneuropeptide Analog in a Mouse Model of MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29:(222). PMID: 40952970 -
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bioRxiv
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity. [Abstract]2023 Jun 26:2023.06.26.546143. PMID: 37425736 -
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Solvente y solubilidad
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (288.60 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocolo
For the preparation of the LPS rat model and the MPTP mouse model, the treatments of the animals are performed. Briefly, adult rats receive unilateral injections of LPS (0.5 μL of 10 μg/μL diluted in 0.9% saline) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the following coordinates, AP-4.2 mm, L 1.5 mm, and V 7.8 mm, and into the contralateral side with the same volume of 0.9% saline. Adult mice are administered intraperitoneal injections of MPTP of 25 mg/kg per day for five continuous days, and the same volume of saline is injected as a control. All the animals are sacrificed at week 1, 2, 3, or 4 after the LPS or MPTP injections. The brain samples are collected for the subsequent immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (285 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
[1]. Langston J W, Irwin I. MPTP Neurotoxicity: An Overview and Characterization of Phases of Toxicity. II. Selective Accumulation of MPP in the Substantia Nigra: A Key to Neurotoxicity (Question). Life Sci., 1985, 36, No. 3, 201-12. [Content Brief]
[2]. Hsu K S, et al. Potentiation of MPTP by 4-Phenylpyridine on the Neuromuscular Blockade in Mouse Phrenic Nerve-Diaphragm. Neuropharmacology, 1993, 32, No. 9, 877-83. [Content Brief]
[3]. Sun XL, et al. Gas1 up-regulation is inducible and contributes to cell apoptosis in reactive astrocytes in the substantia nigra of LPS and MPTP models. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Jul 8;13(1):180. [Content Brief]
[4]. Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S. Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(1):141-51. [Content Brief]
[5]. Rabaneda-Lombarte N, et al. The CD200R1 microglial inhibitory receptor as a therapeutic target in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Apr 6;18(1):88. [Content Brief]
[6]. Lee, et al. MPTP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia plays a central role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ. 2019 Jan;26(2):213-228. [Content Brief]
[7]. Zhang QS, et al. Reassessment of subacute MPTP-treated mice as animal model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 Oct;38(10):1317-1328. [Content Brief]
[8]. Hammock BD, et al., A sheep model for MPTP induced Parkinson-like symptoms. Life Sci. 1989;45(17):1601-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.7720 mL | 28.8600 mL | 57.7201 mL | 144.3001 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1544 mL | 5.7720 mL | 11.5440 mL | 28.8600 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5772 mL | 2.8860 mL | 5.7720 mL | 14.4300 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3848 mL | 1.9240 mL | 3.8480 mL | 9.6200 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2886 mL | 1.4430 mL | 2.8860 mL | 7.2150 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2309 mL | 1.1544 mL | 2.3088 mL | 5.7720 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1924 mL | 0.9620 mL | 1.9240 mL | 4.8100 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1443 mL | 0.7215 mL | 1.4430 mL | 3.6075 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1154 mL | 0.5772 mL | 1.1544 mL | 2.8860 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0962 mL | 0.4810 mL | 0.9620 mL | 2.4050 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0722 mL | 0.3608 mL | 0.7215 mL | 1.8038 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0577 mL | 0.2886 mL | 0.5772 mL | 1.4430 mL |