2-Phenylacetamide
Based on 1 Customer Validation
2-Phenylacetamide is a estrogen-like compound that can be isolated from Lepidium apetalum seeds. 2-Phenylacetamide inhibits p38 MAPK signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-fibrosis effects. 2-Phenylacetamide is orally active.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.92%
- CAS No.: 103-81-1
- Formula: C8H9NO
- Molecular Weight:135.17
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BV-2 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 7
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Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reaction based assay
Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reaction based assay
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[PMID: 27919656] |
| Huh-7 | CC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: GNF-Pf-1199
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NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7)
NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7)
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[PMID: 18579783] |
In Vitro
2-Phenylacetamide (4-8 μM, 24 h) promotes the proliferation of cancer cell MCF-7, increases expressions of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in MCF-7[1].
2-Phenylacetamide (1-10 μM, 6 h) induces ROS generation, inhibits the activation of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) system and cytokine release, and reduces the expression of Smad3 and TGF-β in high NaCl-stimulated NRK52e cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
2-Phenylacetamide (15-45 mg/kg, po, once daily for 4 weeks) improves kidney damage caused by hypertension, lowers blood pressure, and reduces kidney pathological damage and collagen deposition in rats spontaneously hypertensive models[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Immature female Swiss mice[1]
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Dosage:25-50 mg/kg
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Administration:po, 7 days
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Result:Increased the uterine coefficient, LH and E2 levels of immature mice, increased the expression of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in the uterus.
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Animal Model:Rats spontaneously hypertensive models[2]
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Dosage:15-45 mg/kg
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Administration:po, once daily for 4 weeks
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Result:Reduced the blood pressure, increased the urine volume of SHR rats.
Improved the pathological structure of renal tissue, reduced collagen deposition and collagen volume fraction (CVF).
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 103-81-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 135.17
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Formula C8H9NO
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (739.81 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.50 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.50 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Fibrosis/Collagen Morphometry
Fibrosis and collagen morphometry is based on the quantitative visualization of fibrillar collagen deposition in tissue sections using histochemical stains such as Sirius Red (Picrosirius Red) or Masson's trichrome, followed by image-based or polarization-enhanced analysis to estimate collagen proportional area as a surrogate of extracellular matrix accumulation during fibrotic remodeling. Sirius Red combined with polarized light microscopy enhances detection of collagen fibers due to birefringence properties, enabling more specific visualization of collagen type I and III fibrils compared to conventional bright-field histology, while whole-section or region-restricted digital morphometry reduces field-selection bias in fibrosis assessment. Alternative quantitative approaches include second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, which enable label-free detection of fibrillar collagen and have been validated against histological staining and biochemica
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Collagen: Sirius Red Staining
Sirius Red or picrosirius red staining is a histochemical method for visualizing collagen-rich extracellular matrix in tissue sections, and collagen fibers are detected as red-stained structures under bright-field microscopy with enhanced birefringence under polarized light. Picrosirius red is useful for assessing total collagen organization, distribution, and fibrosis burden, but polarized color should not be interpreted as a definitive collagen type I versus type III readout because color is affected by fiber orientation, thickness, and packing.
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Research Protocol for Endocrine Diseases
Endocrine diseases often arise from disrupted hormone production, hormone signaling, or target-tissue responsiveness; for diabetes-focused endocrine disease models, insulin signaling regulates glucose uptake, hepatic glucose output, lipid metabolism, and β-cell compensation. Type 2 diabetes develops through interacting defects in insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, adipose inflammation, hepatic glucose overproduction, altered incretin signaling, and ectopic lipid metabolism. A major unresolved question is whether endocrine dysfunction is driven primarily by target-tissue insulin resistance, intrinsic β-cell failure, immune/inflammatory stress, or combined multi-organ failure that differs by disease stage.
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Connective Tissue: Masson's Trichrome/Collagen Trichrome Staining
Masson’s Trichrome (collagen/trichrome staining) is a histological technique that differentially stains tissue compartments using sequential acidic dyes to distinguish collagen from muscle and cytoplasmic components based on dye affinity and tissue permeability differences, enabling visualization of fibrosis and connective tissue architecture in histological sections. The classical formulation typically uses Weigert's iron hematoxylin for nuclear staining, Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin for cytoplasm and muscle, and aniline blue (or light green variants) for collagen, producing a characteristic blue/green collagen signal contrasted against red cytoplasm and dark nuclei. The staining principle relies on selective displacement of smaller dye molecules by larger anionic dyes in collagen-rich regions under controlled acidified conditions, which enhances collagen-specific dye retention. This property makes the method widely used for fibrosis assessment in organs such as heart, liver, lung, a
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (284 KB)
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SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Zeng M, et al., 2-Phenylacetamide Isolated from the Seeds of Lepidium apetalum and Its Estrogen-Like Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2018 Sep 7;23(9):2293. [Content Brief]
[2]. Yuan PP, et al., 2-phenylacetamide Separated from the seed of Lepidium apetalum Willd. inhibited renal fibrosis via MAPK pathway mediated RAAS and oxidative stress in SHR Rats. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 Jun 23;23(1):207. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 7.3981 mL | 36.9905 mL | 73.9809 mL | 184.9523 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4796 mL | 7.3981 mL | 14.7962 mL | 36.9905 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7398 mL | 3.6990 mL | 7.3981 mL | 18.4952 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4932 mL | 2.4660 mL | 4.9321 mL | 12.3302 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3699 mL | 1.8495 mL | 3.6990 mL | 9.2476 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2959 mL | 1.4796 mL | 2.9592 mL | 7.3981 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2466 mL | 1.2330 mL | 2.4660 mL | 6.1651 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1850 mL | 0.9248 mL | 1.8495 mL | 4.6238 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1480 mL | 0.7398 mL | 1.4796 mL | 3.6990 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1233 mL | 0.6165 mL | 1.2330 mL | 3.0825 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0925 mL | 0.4624 mL | 0.9248 mL | 2.3119 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0740 mL | 0.3699 mL | 0.7398 mL | 1.8495 mL |
2-Phenylacetamide Related Classifications
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