Cat. No.: HY-N0440

Germacrone

2 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Germacrone is a sesquiterpene compound with multiple biological activities. Germacrone inhibits the H1N1 and H3N2 inﬂuenza A virus and the inﬂuenza B virus. Germacrone blocks the progressionof arthritis by regulating Th1/Th2 balance and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Germacrone can arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M phases and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Germacrone inhibits 5α-reductase and has anti-androgenic effect. Germacrone has neuroprotective functions and can be used for the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Germacrone also has antioxidant activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.66%
CAS No.: 6902-91-6
Formula: C₁₅H₂₂O
Molecular Weight:218.33

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Germacrone Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 6902-91-6

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (2)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Influenza virus^[1]

All NF-κB Isoforms :

In Vitro

Germacrone (0-2.0 μM, 48 h) inhibits the neuraminidase activity of A/PR/8/34(H1N1) (EC₅₀: 6.03/2.66 μM), A/human/Hubei/1/2009(H1N1) (EC₅₀: 5.59/2.9 μM), A/human/Hubei/3/2005(H3N2) (EC₅₀: 3.82/2.15 μM), Influenza B virus (EC₅₀: 6.30/2.33 μM), and A/WSN/33/S31N(H1N1) (EC₅₀: 7.12/4.78 μM) virus strains in MDCK cells and A549 cells^[1].
Germacrone (0-400 μM, 24-72 h) inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner^[2].
Germacrone (0-400 μM, 24 h) increases the release of LDH (66.85%; 72.76%) but decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells^[2].
Germacrone (0-200 μM, 24 h) induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase (71.24%; 77.08%) and G2/M phase (15.89%; 12.36%) in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner^[2].
Germacrone (0-200 μM, 24 h) induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells^[2].
Germacrone (0-200 μM, 24 h) increases the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activates the caspases pathway^[2].
Germacrone (0.5 mg/mL, 30 min) inhibits the activity of rat liver 5α-reductase (65.7%, IC₅₀: 0.42 mg/mL)^[5].
Germacrone (0.01-10 μM, 96 h) inhibits testosterone-induced LNCaP cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells
Concentration:

0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM
Incubation Time:

24, 48, 72 h
Result:

Inhibited cell proliferation.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

MDA-MB-231 cells
Concentration:

0, 50, 100, 200 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased the TUNEL-positive cell population of MDA-MB-231 cells undergoing apoptosis (45.13%).

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

MDA-MB-231 cells
Concentration:

0, 50, 100, 200 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated ATR (Ser428), phosphorylated cdc2 (Tyr15), phosphorylated Rb (Ser795) and cdc2 proteins.
Up-regulated the expression of Bok, caspase 3, 7 and 9, and PARP proteins.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[5]

Cell Line:

LNCaP cells
Concentration:

0.01, 0.5, 5, 10 μM
Incubation Time:

96 h
Result:

Inhibited cell proliferation.

In Vivo

Germacrone (50-100 mg/kg, i.v., once a day for 6 days) inhibits viral activity in 5 LD₅₀ influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) infected mice^[1].
Germacrone (20 mg/kg, p.o., once a day for 3 weeks) reduces the levels of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and increases Th2 cytokines (IL-4) in serum, synovial tissue and spleen of mice in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model^[3].
Germacrone (20 mg/kg, p.o., once a day for 3 weeks) inhibits NF-κB activation in synovial tissue of mice in CIA model^[3].
Germacrone (5-20 mg/kg, i.p.) improves neurological dysfunction and neurological injury in controlled cortical impact (CCI) model mice; inhibits the activity of microglia, the expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and oxidative stress in CCI mice; also inhibits NF-κB and induces Nrf2 pathway to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects^[4].
Germacrone (3-100 μg, topical administration, 4 weeks) inhibits testosterone-stimulated lumbar gland growth in castrated male rats (79-82%)^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

BALB/c mice intranasally infected with 5 LD₅₀ influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) (18-20 g)^[1]
Dosage:

50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:

Intravenous injection (i.v.), once every day for 6 d
Result:

Reduced virus titer.
Increased mice survival rate.
Delayed in the mortality time in mice.

Animal Model:

CIA mouse model (male DBA/1 J mice, 6 weeks old)^[3]
Dosage:

20 mg/kg
Administration:

Oral gavage (p.o.), once per day for 3 weeks
Result:

Reduced the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, but increased the expression of IL-4.
Increased the expression of IκB and decreased the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65.

Animal Model:

CCI mouse model (male DBA/1 J mice, 6 weeks old)^[4]
Dosage:

5, 10 and 20 mg/kg
Administration:

Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Result:

Reversed the pathological changes.
Reduced expression of CD16 and CD11b.
Reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
Reduced MPO and MDA, increased SOD expression.
Inhibitd NF-κB and induced Nrf2 expression.

Animal Model:

8-week-old castrated male mice^[5]
Dosage:

3, 30 and 100 μg
Administration:

Topical Administration, 4 weeks
Result:

Inhibited the growth of flank gland.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 6902-91-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 218.33
Formula C₁₅H₂₂O
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C1C/C(C)=C/CC/C(C)=C/C/C1=C(C)\C
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Sesquiterpenes
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (2)

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Journal Impact Factor

Int Immunopharmacol

Germacrone mitigates cardiac remodeling by regulating PI3K/AKT-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 5;124(Pt A):110876. PMID: 37683399
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (458.02 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.5802 mL

22.9011 mL

45.8022 mL

5 mM

0.9160 mL

4.5802 mL

9.1604 mL

10 mM

0.4580 mL

2.2901 mL

4.5802 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (292 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Liao Q, et al. Germacrone inhibits early stages of influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res. 2013 Dec;100(3):578-88. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhong Z, et al. Germacrone inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 30;667(1-3):50-5. [Content Brief]

[3]. Wang Z, et al. Germacrone alleviates collagen-induced arthritis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance and NF-κB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Oct 20;518(3):560-564. [Content Brief]

[4]. Zhuang S, et al. Germacrone alleviates neurological deficits following traumatic brain injury by modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Jan 5;21(1):6. [Content Brief]

[5]. Suphrom N, et al. Anti-androgenic effect of sesquiterpenes isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Fitoterapia. 2012 Jul;83(5):864-71. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	4.5802 mL	22.9011 mL	45.8022 mL	114.5056 mL
	5 mM	0.9160 mL	4.5802 mL	9.1604 mL	22.9011 mL
	10 mM	0.4580 mL	2.2901 mL	4.5802 mL	11.4506 mL
	15 mM	0.3053 mL	1.5267 mL	3.0535 mL	7.6337 mL
	20 mM	0.2290 mL	1.1451 mL	2.2901 mL	5.7253 mL
	25 mM	0.1832 mL	0.9160 mL	1.8321 mL	4.5802 mL
	30 mM	0.1527 mL	0.7634 mL	1.5267 mL	3.8169 mL
	40 mM	0.1145 mL	0.5725 mL	1.1451 mL	2.8626 mL
	50 mM	0.0916 mL	0.4580 mL	0.9160 mL	2.2901 mL
	60 mM	0.0763 mL	0.3817 mL	0.7634 mL	1.9084 mL
	80 mM	0.0573 mL	0.2863 mL	0.5725 mL	1.4313 mL
	100 mM	0.0458 mL	0.2290 mL	0.4580 mL	1.1451 mL

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Germacrone

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Germacrone

All NF-κB Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (2)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation